高考英語一輪復習教案： 語法梳理 狀語從句匯編

狀語從句（一）時間狀語從句時間狀語從句1when, while, as的區(qū)別這三個詞都可以用作連接詞，表示時間關系，但有所區(qū)別。 (1)when表示時間關系時，意思常常是“當(在)的時候”。主句和從句中的動作或事情可以同時發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。例如： When we were at school, we went to the library every day.我們在求學的時候，每天都到圖書館去。 (2)while 用作連接詞表示時間關系時，意思也是“當(在)的時候”，主句中的動作或事情在從句中的動作或事情的進展過程中發(fā)生。它有時可與when通用，但它只能指一段時間(a period of time)，而不能指一點時間的(a point of time)。如上面第一個例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二個例句中的when，就不能用while代替。例如： Please dont talk so aloud while others are working.別人在工作的時候，請勿大聲講話。 (3)as用作連接詞表示時間關系時，意思也是“當(在)時候”，往往可與when或while通用，但它著重指主句和從句中的動作或事情相并發(fā)生。例如： I saw him as he was getting off the bus.當他下公共汽車的時候，我看見了他。 2一些表示時間的名詞短語也可用來引導時間狀語從句the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如：The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty.我第一次到這座島嶼的時候，我就對它的美麗感到驚異。The moment I entered the room, I smelled something usual.我一走進房間里，就覺得不對頭。Every time I visit him, he is always reading.每次當我拜訪他的時候，他總是在讀書。3directly和immediately也可作為連詞，引導時間狀語從句，意為“一就”，相當于the moment/the instant和as soon as。如：I knew something was wrong directly I arrived.我一到就知道出事了。 The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.我一轉身孩子們就搗亂。4before 和afterbefore 引導的從句的動作通常發(fā)生在主句動作之后，如果從句是過去時，主句一般要用過去完成時或一般過去時。after引導的從句動作通常發(fā)生在主句動作之前，如果主句要用過去時，從句則要用過去完成時或一般過去時。例如：The plane had taken off before he arrived at the airport.他到機場前飛機早就起飛了。After he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.他在南方生活了將近二十年后，決定去北方碰碰運氣。They arrived at the cinema after the film began.電影開始之后他們到了影院。5no sooner.than 和hardly (scarcely). when這兩個連詞詞組都是表示主句與從句動作隨即發(fā)生，意為“一就”。主句動詞用過去完成時。如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首，主句要倒裝。例如：No sooner had he entered the house than it began to rain.他剛走進房間天就開始下起雨來了。He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.他剛上床電話就響了。6till 和until這兩個詞的用法十分近似，都表示“直到”，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延續(xù)性動詞；在否定句中，主句要用非延續(xù)性動詞，這時until和before同義。例如：Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.直到他們完成工作才回家。7. It 與before, since, when引導的時間狀語從句連用時的區(qū)別：(1)It is/has been時間段since . 自從以來已有多長時間了。(2)It is/was時間點when . when 引導的是一個時間狀語從句，主句中的 it 指時間，表語由具體的時間充當。常譯為“當?shù)臅r候，是”。 (3)It be 時間段 before . it 指時間， 主句中的時態(tài)常是一般將來時或過去時兩種時態(tài)主句中的表語多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示時間段的詞或短語。常譯為“之后”。例如：How long is it since we met last time?自從上一次我們見面以來已有多長時間了？It was a lready midnight when I got home.當我到家時已是半夜了。It was not long before she got married and moved to Japan.不久她就結婚，搬往日本了。（二）地點狀語從句地點狀語從句用where, wherever引導Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever they went, they received a warm welcome.無論他們走到哪兒都受到熱烈歡迎。（三）原因狀語從句原因狀語從句用because（因為），since（既然）, as（由于）引導1、由why提問必須用because回答。since, as不回答why的提問，而且從句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。2、because of +名詞Because of the rain, we didnt go to the park.3、because 和so不可連用，只能選其一。（另有although, but）Why didnt he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定這樣做。4、for并列連詞，不能放在句首，主要放在兩個并列句之間。for所提供的理由為一個補充說明，而且前面常有逗號隔開。The days are short, for it is December now.（四）目的狀語從句目的狀語從句用so（常用于口語）, that, so that, in order that引導目的狀語從句的謂語常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情態(tài)動詞。Well sit never to the front so we can hear better.He studied hard so that he might succeed.他努力學習，以便成功。They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.他們急忙趕往火車站，以便能趕上火車。（五）條件狀語從句1if 和unlessif 表示正面的條件，意為“如果”，unless表示反向的條件，意為“除非，如果不”。例如：If youve got exams tomorrow, why arent you studying？如果你明天有考試，你為什么不學習？The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.運動會明天將要開始，除非下雨?！緦＜姨嵝选織l件狀語從句中常用一般時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。2. providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case這些連詞(詞組)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在條件下”等意思。例如：All living things respire as long as they live.所有的生物只要他們活著都要呼吸。Supposing (that) you fail a second time, dont get disappointed, but try again.假如你又一次失敗了，不要泄氣，再試一次。On condition that the liquid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid.如果液體進一步冷卻的話，會變成固體。3only if和if onlyonly if 引導的從句用陳述語氣，意為“只要”； if only引導的從句要用虛擬語氣，意為“但愿”，“要是就好了”。例如：only if you have persistence, can you achieve great success.惟有你堅持下去，你才能成功。If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.如果我有翅膀，我就能夠輕松地環(huán)游地球了。（六）結果狀語從句結果狀語從句由suchthat, sothat, so that, that 引導1. such that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatsuch +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatsuch+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)（不可數(shù)名詞）+that注意so many （much, few, little） +名詞，such a lot of （或lots of）+名詞是慣用法，不可亂用。She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2. so+形容詞或副詞+thatso+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.3. so that, that都可以引導結果狀語從句He didnt study hard, （so） that he failed the exam.4. tooto, enoughto 可以引導結果狀語從句與sothat 替換，sothat結構可以用tooto替換必須具備兩個條件，一是主句和結果狀語從句的主語必須一致，二是從句中的謂語部分必須含有can（could） not.She is so young that she cant go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isnt old enough to go to school.（七）讓步狀語從句1讓步狀語從句可由although，though，as，while，even if(though)，whatever，whether.or.，no matter who (when，what.)等引導。Although/Though she works very hard，(yet) she makes very slow progress.盡管她學習很努力，但還是進步不快。Whenever Im unhappy(No matter when Im unhappy)，it is my friend who cheers me up.不管什么時候我不高興，總是我的朋友給我鼓勵?！緦＜姨嵝选?1)however引導讓步狀語從句時，與它所修飾的詞一起放在句首。(2)英語不允許在though 或although從句后同時用but。如果要強調(diào)前后兩個部分的對比意義，可以在主句前加上yet或still。2as引導的讓步狀語從句的常見的幾種倒裝方式(1)如果從句的謂語部分為“不及物動詞副詞”時，常將從句中的副詞提到從句的句首。Hard as you may try，you will not succeed.盡管你努力了，你可能不會成功。(2)如果從句的謂語部分為“情態(tài)動詞不及物動詞”，常將這個不及物動詞提到從句的句首。Wait as you may，he will not see you.盡管你等了，他可能不會見你。(3)如果從句的謂語部分是“系動詞單數(shù)名詞”，則常將這個作表語的名詞提前，但這個名詞前面的不定冠詞要省略。Child as he is，he can tell right from wrong.盡管他還是個孩子，他能明辨是非。3while作“盡管”講引導讓步狀語從句時往往放在句首While I understand your viewpoint，I dont agree with you.盡管我明白你的觀點，我不贊成你。（八）方式狀語從句1as 和just as二者都表示“如；猶如，正如”。just as 比as強調(diào)的語氣更強。例如：In the early days, people could not count as we do now.在早期日子中，人們不和我們現(xiàn)在一樣能計數(shù)。Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.大部植物像它們需要水一樣，也需要陽光。2as if 和as thoughas if 或as though從句可以用陳述語氣，表示可能符合事實的情況；也可以用虛擬語氣，表示不符合事實或與事實相反的情況，意為“好像，仿佛”。例如：It looks as though it is going to rain.天看起來要下雨。He spoke as if he were a philosopher.他說話就像是一位哲學家。(從句動詞與主語謂語同時發(fā)生，從句謂語要用一般過去時)He speaks as if he had been to the moon.他談起話來就好像是去過月球。(從句動作發(fā)生在主句謂語之前，從句謂語要用過去完成時)He speaks as if he would fly to the moon.他談起話來就好像是要飛往月球。(從句動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語之后，從句謂語要用would/could/mightdo)（九）比較狀語從句比較狀語從句由asas, not as（so）as, than, the+比較級，the+比較級引導He swims as well as you. （do）He doesnt swim as well as you （do）.He got here earlier than you. （did）The busier he is, the happier he feels.典型高考英語陷阱題詳解·狀語從句 1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you cant go out _ your work is being done.”A. beforeB. untilC. asD. the moment【陷阱】容易誤選B，誤認為這是考查 notuntil結構?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x C。句中的 your work is being done 表明“你正在做作業(yè)”，選 as 表原因。2. “Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?”A. As子 B. WhileC. BecauseD. If【陷阱】容易誤選A?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x B。盡管 as 和 while 均可用作從屬連詞引導時間狀語從句，表示“當?shù)臅r候”，但兩者有一個重要區(qū)別，就是這樣用的 as 從句的謂語不能是狀態(tài)動詞。當然，如果 as 不是表示“當?shù)臅r候”，其謂語是完全可以用狀態(tài)動詞的。如：I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的 as 表示原因，意為“因為”、“由于”)請做以下兩題，答案均選 while，不選as：(1) _ you are at home alone, please dont leave the door open. A. WhileB. AsC. BeforeD. How(2) _ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her. A. WhileB. AsC. AfterD. How3. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. whenC. which D. where【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x D。where 在此引導地點狀語從句，其意為“(在)的地方”。請做以下類似試題(答案均選 where)：(1) The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. whenB. wheneverC. whereD. wherever(2) She found her calculator _ she lost it. A. whereB. while C. in whichD. that(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. A. whenB. whereC. thenD. which(4) When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at whichB. at whereC. the place whereD. where(5) You should let your children play _ you can see them.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that(6) Now he works in the factory _ his father used to work.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _ stood the famous tower.A. that B. at whichC. whenD. where【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x D。此題與上面一題有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在的地方”，均用以引導地點狀語從句；不同的是，此題還涉及倒裝，即此句的主語是 the famous tower，謂語是 stood，正常詞序為 where the famous tower stood，使用倒裝是為了保持句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕。4. They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. where【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【分析】最佳答案選 C。when 在此的意思不是“當?shù)臅r候”，而是“盡管”、“雖然”的意思。又如：He walks when he might take a taxi. 盡管他可以坐出租車，但他卻走路。He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 盡管他本來下次就可以成功的了，但他卻停止努力了。The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 這男孩子本來應該專心聽老師講的，但他卻坐立不安。有許多同學只知道 when 表示“當?shù)臅r候”，而不知道它還有其他許多意思，除上面提到的表示“盡管”、“雖然”外，when 還可表示“既然”、“考慮到”。請做下面的試題(答案選D)：Why do you want a new job _ youve got such a good one already?A. thatB. whereC. which D. when5. He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A. asB. untilC. whenD. while 【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x C。when 意為“這時(突然)”，主要用于某一動作突然發(fā)生于另一動作正在進行或剛要發(fā)生之時。此時的 when 可以連用副詞 suddenly，也可以不連用它，但值得注意的是，同學們不能單獨用 suddenly 來代替 when，如下面各題的答案選A，不選B：(1) I was about to go out _ the telephone rang. A. whenB. suddenly C. as soon asD. directly(2) We were swimming in the lake _ the storm started. A. whenB. suddenlyC. untilD. before(3) She was walking down the road _ she heard someone shouting for help.A. whenB. suddenlyC. untilD. before6. The fire went on for quite some time _ it was brought under control.A. whenB. since C. afterD. before 【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x D。before 意為“在之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃燒了相當一段時間”。類似地，以下兩題也選 before：(1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A. until B. whenC. beforeD. as(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer the phone.A. as B. sinceC. untilD. before(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _ she is completely well.A. that B. sinceC. whenD. before(4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _ they spoke. A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when 7. Mother asked me to take more money _ something unexpected should happen.A. in caseB. so thatC. in order thatD. when【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選?！痉治觥孔罴汛鸢高x A。in case 起連詞作用，用以引導狀語從句，主要有兩種意思：一是表示條件，意為“如果”、“萬一”；二是表示“目的”，意為“以防”、“免得”。如以下各題也都選 in case：(1) _ I forget, please remind me about it.A. In caseB. So thatC. In order thatD. When(2) Take your umbrella just _ it rains.A. in caseB. so thatC. in order thatD. when(3) Be quiet _ you should wake the baby.A. in caseB. so thatC. in order thatD. when(4) Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.A. in caseB. so thatC. in order thatD. when(5). Ill keep his address _ I need it. A. so thatB. in order thatC. in caseD. when 8. “Shall Mary come and play computer games?” “No, _ she has finished her homework.”A. whenB. since C. unlessD. as soon as【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。【分析】最佳答案選 C。此句為省略句，答句句首的 No 表明其后省略的是一個否定句，全句補充完整為：She cant play computer games unless she has finished her homework. 請做類似試題(答案均選B)：(1) “Would you mind my sitting here with you?” “No, _ you arent too noisy.”A. whenB. if C. unless D. as soon as(2) “Will he agree to come to join us in the work?” “No, _ we promise him more money.”A. whenB. unlessC. unlessD. as soon as(3) “Can you finish the work in time?” “No, _ we dont sleep throughout the night.”狀語從句(2013全國卷I)32. Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails.A. sinceB. ifC. asD. while(2013北京卷)30. I took my driving license with me on holiday, _I wanted to hire a car.A. in caseB. even ifC. ever sinceD. if only(2013上海卷)30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, _ they might have.A. however difficult B. how difficult C. whatever difficultyD. what difficulty(2013上海卷)36. I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise _ I am sitting.A. beforeB. until C. unlessD. where(2013天津卷)5. small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.A. As B. If C. Although D. Once(2013江蘇卷)28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.A. whateverB. whoeverC. whereverD. whichever(2013安徽卷)23. Its much easier to make friends you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that(2013安徽卷)33. Its said that the power plant is now large as what it was.A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice(2013湖南卷)23. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason _ you reach any decision.A. although B. before C. because D. unless(2013陜西卷)18. I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.A. since B. until C. before D. when(2013山東卷) 26. Mark needs to learn Chinese _ his company is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unlessB. until C. althoughD. since(2013山東卷) 28. _I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. WhateverB. WheneverC. Whoever D. However(2013重慶卷)25. _ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since(2013四川卷)7. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to.A. even if B. as if C. because D. before(2013江西卷)26.There are a small number of people involved, possibly _twenty.A. as few asB. as little asC. as many asD. as much as(2013江西卷)28.She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.A. ifB. unlessC. afterD. when(2013遼寧卷)24. One can always manage to do more things, no matter_full ones schedule is in life.A. howB. what C. whenD. where