中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講義 第10章 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)講義 第10章 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是指表明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生時(shí)間的動(dòng)詞形式。對(duì)于時(shí)態(tài)的考查，主耍以根據(jù)前后句以推側(cè)所用時(shí)態(tài)為主。在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，要掌握對(duì)應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的選擇。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情就用過(guò)去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行描述;發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的事情，就用現(xiàn)在相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行描述;將要發(fā)生的事情用將來(lái)相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)描述。內(nèi)容導(dǎo)視知識(shí)點(diǎn)1時(shí)態(tài)的分類知識(shí)點(diǎn)2時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法知識(shí)詳單知識(shí)點(diǎn)1時(shí)態(tài)的分類分類說(shuō)明例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用來(lái)描述現(xiàn)在或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)I do my homework at home.我在家做作業(yè)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)She lost her wallet last night.她昨晚丟了錢包。一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況或狀態(tài)Mike will have supper with me this evening.邁克今晚要和我一起吃晚餐。.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或發(fā)生的事My little sister is reading an interesting article.我妹妹在讀一篇有趣的文章。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某時(shí)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行She was working on this problem this time yesterday.她昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候正在處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示一件已發(fā)生的事，這事往往與現(xiàn)在情況有聯(lián)系I have spent all the money.我已經(jīng)把錢花光了。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)前某件事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生The train had left by the time he arrived.他到達(dá)的時(shí)候，火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(可能剛停止，或還在進(jìn)行)I have been waiting for you for a long time.我已經(jīng)等你很久了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)分類句式例句be動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句:主語(yǔ)+is/am/are表語(yǔ)I am a student.我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。He is a student.他是一個(gè)學(xué)生。疑問(wèn)句:Is/Am/Are+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)Are you teachers?你們是老師嗎?Is she a teacher?她是一個(gè)老師嗎?否定句:主語(yǔ)+is/am/are+not+表語(yǔ)I am not a doctor.我不是醫(yī)生。You are not a.doctor.你不是一個(gè)醫(yī)生。否定疑問(wèn)句:Is/Am/Are+主語(yǔ)+not+表語(yǔ)Am I not a worker?我不是一個(gè)工人嗎?Are you not a worker?你不是一個(gè)工人嗎?實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式十其他You live here.你(們)住在這里。He lives here.他住在這里。疑問(wèn)句:Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Do you sit beside me?你坐在我旁邊嗎?Does he sit beside me?他坐在我旁邊嗎?否定句:主語(yǔ)+don't/doesn't+其他I don't need your help.我不需要你的幫助。She doesn't need my help.她不需要我的幫助。否定疑問(wèn)句:Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Do you not work?=Don't you work?你不工作嗎?Does he not work?= Doesn't he work?他不工作嗎?【知識(shí)拓展】在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，have/has在表示“有”時(shí)，否定形式為haven't/hasn't或don't/doesn't have，變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí)，可直接把have/has放在句首，也可借助于助動(dòng)詞do/does;當(dāng)不表示“有”時(shí)，其否定句和疑問(wèn)句只能借助于助動(dòng)詞do/does構(gòu)成。例如:He has three books.他有三本書(shū)。-He hasn't/doesn't have three books.他沒(méi)有三本書(shū)。-Has he three books? /Does he have three books?他有三本書(shū)嗎?Does he have a meeting every week?他每周都開(kāi)會(huì)嗎?【易錯(cuò)警示】對(duì)于否定疑問(wèn)句的回答，不要受到問(wèn)句中否定部分的干擾，而應(yīng)根據(jù)事實(shí)回答問(wèn)題;。如果事實(shí)是肯定的，要用yes回答；如果事實(shí)是否定的，則要用no來(lái)回答。例如：Are you not Mr. Smith?你不是史密斯先生嗎?Yes, I am.不，我是(史密斯先生) Are you not Mr. Smith?你不是史密斯先生嗎?No, I'm not.是的，我不是(史密斯先生)2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法用法例句表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作He is always ready to help others.他總是樂(lè)于助人。表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征、性格、能力或存在的狀態(tài)，通常不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)She is a middle school student.她是一個(gè)中學(xué)生。表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言等Time and tide wait for no man.歲月不等人。表示按時(shí)間表、規(guī)定安排或計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作The train starts at 7: 30 am.火車將于早上7點(diǎn)30發(fā)車。藺里于表達(dá)當(dāng)前正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作X4'17" 1:而而There goes the bell!鈴響了!【知識(shí)拓展】1.常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的狀語(yǔ):alway，一直，總是;generally通常，普遍地;occasionally偶爾，間或;often經(jīng)常;regularly定期地，有規(guī)律地;usually通常;seldom很少，不常;sometimes有時(shí)，不時(shí)，間或;at all times經(jīng)常，總是;every few week，每隔幾周;twice a week一周兩次。例如:Even friends disagree sometimes.即便是朋友，有時(shí)也有分歧。'They have English classes twice a week.他們一周上兩次英語(yǔ)課。2.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，即主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:If it doesn't rain, we'll go on a picnic as planned.如果不下雨，我們將按計(jì)劃去野餐。3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)（1） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成分類句式例句be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+表語(yǔ)I was a student·我曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)學(xué)生。You were a student·你曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)學(xué)生。He was a student·他曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)學(xué)生。疑問(wèn)句:Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)Were you a teacher?你曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)老師嗎?Was she a teacher?她曾經(jīng)是一個(gè)老師嗎?否定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were not+表語(yǔ)You were not a doctor·你以前不是一個(gè)醫(yī)生。He was not a doctor.他以前不是一個(gè)醫(yī)生。實(shí)以動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)肯定句:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他I lived here.我以前住在這里。He lived here.他以前住在這里。疑問(wèn)句:Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Did I sit beside you?我曾坐在你旁邊嗎?否定句:主語(yǔ)+didn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他I didn't need your help·我不曾需要你的幫助。（2） 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法用法例句表示過(guò)去某一具體時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)Who did you see at the meeting this morning?今天晨會(huì)上你看見(jiàn)誰(shuí)了?沒(méi)有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，但實(shí)際上說(shuō)的是過(guò)去的事情，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)We really had a wonderful day.我們的確度過(guò)了愉快的一天?！局R(shí)拓展】 .1.常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的狀語(yǔ):yesterday昨天;at that moment在那時(shí)，in xx在xx年;just now剛才，in the old days過(guò)去的時(shí)候;in the past在過(guò)去;in those day，在那些日子里;last nigh，昨天晚上;once upon time從前;the other day不久前某一天，幾天前;two weeks ago兩周前;the day before yesterday前天。例如Once upon a time there lived a sweet little girl.從前有個(gè)可愛(ài)的小姑娘。At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing。在那時(shí)，大家開(kāi)始又笑又唱。2.在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中、用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如:Lily said she would came if I promised to wait for her.莉莉說(shuō)如果我答應(yīng)等她，她會(huì)來(lái)的?！疽族e(cuò)警示】used to+動(dòng)詞原形，表過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不發(fā)生了;would+動(dòng)詞原形，表過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。I used to get up at eight o'clock in the summer holiday.過(guò)去我署假常常八點(diǎn)起床。Toni would go fishing when he was not busy.湯姆不忙的時(shí)候經(jīng)常去釣魚(yú)。4. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)（1） 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成分類用法例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他I shall/will go with you.我將要和你一起去。You will go with me.你將要和我一起去。否定句主語(yǔ)+shall/will not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他I shall/will not leave here before 8.八點(diǎn)前我不會(huì)離開(kāi)。You will not go home before 10.十點(diǎn)前你不會(huì)回家。疑問(wèn)句Shall/ Will+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?-Shall I visit the museum alone?-Yes，you will. /No，you won't.我能獨(dú)自參觀博物館嗎?是的，你能。/不，你不能。（2） 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法用法條件例句"will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來(lái)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況或狀態(tài)I will go to Hainan for holiday.我將要去海南度假。"be going to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示將來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在的意圖，即打算在最近或?qū)?lái)做的某事，主語(yǔ)一般是人She is going to buy a car for her mother.她準(zhǔn)備給母親買輛車。表示現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明即將發(fā)生某事，主語(yǔ)通常是物It's going to rain.要下雨了。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某些短暫性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作The bus is ing.汽車來(lái)了。be to do表示將來(lái)表示已計(jì)劃或安排好的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)She is to call me on Sunday.她將在周日給我打電話。be about to do 表示將來(lái)表示馬上就要發(fā)生的事，不強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀，一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用The train is about to leave·火車馬上就出發(fā)了?！局R(shí)拓展】常與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow明天; before long不久；in a month一個(gè)月后，在一個(gè)月內(nèi); in the future在將來(lái);next week下周; the day after tomorrow 后天；this afternoon今天下午。例如The new students will enter school the day after tomorrow.新生后天入學(xué)。There will he an election in that country next year. 在那個(gè)國(guó)家明年會(huì)有大選?！疽族e(cuò)警示】be going to 和 will的區(qū)別：be going to既可指主觀打算也可指客觀跡象表明將要發(fā)生；will往往指沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)劃，臨時(shí)出現(xiàn)的意圖，常伴有說(shuō)話者的主觀意思或?qū)?lái)必然要發(fā)生的事情。例如：-What are you going to give our teacher for Teachers' Day?教師節(jié)你打算送我們老師什么?(主觀打算)-Im not sure. Maybe I will buy her some flowers.我還沒(méi)想好。也許我要送她一些花。(意愿決定)It is going to snow.要下雨了。(根據(jù)客觀跡象判斷)4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成分類句式例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+be ( am/is,/are)+動(dòng)詞ing+其他She is doing her homework.她在做作業(yè)。否定句主語(yǔ)+be( am/is/are)+not+動(dòng)詞ing+其他She is not doing her homework.她沒(méi)有在做作業(yè)。疑問(wèn)句Be (am/is/are )+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing+其他?-Is she doing her homework?她在做作業(yè)嗎?-Yes，she is. /Noshe isn't.是的，她在做。/不，她沒(méi)有。（2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法用法例句表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的事或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I am having super at home.我正在家里吃晚餐。表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作Linda is working on a new book these days.琳達(dá)這幾天寫(xiě)一本新書(shū)。表示此時(shí)此刻某一動(dòng)作不斷地重復(fù)The little girl is running with great joy at the sight of her mother.看到媽媽，小女孩高興地跑了起來(lái)。有些動(dòng)詞(arrive, e, go, leave等)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將要發(fā)生的、計(jì)劃或安排好的事情We are leaving for Africa today.我們今天動(dòng)身去非洲?！局R(shí)拓展】1.常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的狀語(yǔ):now現(xiàn)在;at this moment現(xiàn)在;at present目前。例如:Where are you living now?你現(xiàn)在住在哪里?Tom is working at a university at present·湯姆目前在一所大學(xué)工作。2.有些表示感官(see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice等)、情感(hate, like, want, wish prefer等)、存在狀態(tài)( remain, stay等)、從屬或占有(have, belong等)的動(dòng)詞通常不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。3. always(一直，總是),frequently(頗繁地，經(jīng)常地，時(shí)常),all the time(始終，一直)等用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示贊揚(yáng)、厭惡、不滿等感情色彩;用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不表示感情色彩。例如:He is always quarrelling with others.他總是和別人吵架。(不滿)（5）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成分類句式例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+be (was/were)+動(dòng)詞ing+其他She was drawing at this time yesterday.她昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候正在畫(huà)畫(huà)。否定句主語(yǔ)+be(was/were )+not+動(dòng)詞ing+其他She was not drawing at this time yesterday.她昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候沒(méi)有在畫(huà)畫(huà)。疑問(wèn)句Be ( was/were)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing+其他?-Was she drawing at this time yesterday?她昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在畫(huà)畫(huà)嗎?-Yes, she was. /No,。一、。wasn't.是的，她在畫(huà)。/不，她沒(méi)有。（2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法用法例句表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一階段正在，進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作I was watching a football match this time yesterday evening.昨晚這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在看一場(chǎng)足球比賽。表示按計(jì)劃、安排在過(guò)去某時(shí)間將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作I was told that he was ing back for super.我被告知他要回來(lái)吃晚飯。【知識(shí)拓展常與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的狀語(yǔ):a moment ago剛才;at that time在那時(shí);then那時(shí);all morning整個(gè)早上，整個(gè)上午;at nine yesterday morning昨天上午9點(diǎn);at this time yesterday昨天這時(shí)候。例如:I was cleaning the floor at this time yesterday.昨天這時(shí)候我正在掃地。A man calling himself Smith was looking for you a moment ago.剛才一名自稱史密斯的男子在找你。6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成分類句式例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其他They have lost the match.他們已經(jīng)輸?shù)袅诉@場(chǎng)比賽。否定句主語(yǔ)+have/has+ not+過(guò)去分詞+其他They haven't lost the match.他們還沒(méi)有輸?shù)暨@場(chǎng)比賽。疑問(wèn)句Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他?-Have they lost the match?他們輸?shù)舯荣惲藛?-Yes, they have. /No, they haven't.是的，他們輸了。不，他們沒(méi)輸。（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法用法例句強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，或動(dòng)作最近剛結(jié)束They has won the final game.他們贏得了最后的比賽。表示過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去I have lived in Xian for 20 years.我在西安生活了二十年了。t表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)She has been to Japan twice.她去過(guò)日本兩次?！疽族e(cuò)警示】【易錯(cuò)警示】1常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的狀語(yǔ)：before 以前，ever曾經(jīng)；until剛剛；never從不，從來(lái)沒(méi)有；recently近來(lái)，最近；since自從;yet已經(jīng)；by now到現(xiàn)在為止；during the last few weeks在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)星期里；for a long time很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間;in the 1ast/past few/ years/weeks在過(guò)去的幾年/周里； many times許多次；over the past years在過(guò)去的幾年里；so far到目前為止；up to/ till now到現(xiàn)在為止。例如Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children.到目前為止，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)挽救了成千上萬(wàn)的孩子。'His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一部小說(shuō)自上個(gè)月出版以來(lái)得到很好地評(píng)價(jià)。2.have gone to與have been to的區(qū)別：前者表示已經(jīng)去了某地，目前正在路上或已經(jīng)到達(dá)，即“去而未歸”；而后者表示已經(jīng)到過(guò)某地，即“去過(guò)已歸”。例如Tom has gone to Beijing.湯姆已經(jīng)去北京了。Tom has been to Beijing.湯姆曾去過(guò)北京。3.短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:（1）短暫性動(dòng)詞：表示動(dòng)作一開(kāi)始馬上就結(jié)束，不能延續(xù)，也叫非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或終止性動(dòng)詞。常用的詞有begin開(kāi)始；close關(guān)，關(guān)閉；finish完成，結(jié)束；hear聽(tīng)，聽(tīng)到，聽(tīng)說(shuō)；lend借給；marry結(jié)婚，嫁；open打開(kāi)；put放；receive收到，接收；sell賣，推銷；start開(kāi)始，出發(fā)；stop停止，終止等。短暫性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的for,since或how long等狀語(yǔ)連用，但在否定句中，有時(shí)可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:We haven't heard from Jane for a long time.我們好久沒(méi)有收到簡(jiǎn)的信了。(但是不可說(shuō)“We have heard from Jane for a long time.)(2)廷續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:指動(dòng)作發(fā)生后還可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間。常用的詞有:have有; live居住，生活;rain下雨;sleep睡覺(jué);Study學(xué)習(xí);wait等候; work工作等。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如:I have already waited for Tom for two hours.我已經(jīng)等湯姆兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。部分非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化:buy-have; borrow-keep; arrive-stay; leave-be away; die-be dead; turn on-be on; join-be a member of; e/go-be in/away; get to/reach/arrive in/arrive at-be in.7.過(guò)去完成時(shí)（1.）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成分類句式例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞+其他They- had lost the match when I got there.我到那里的時(shí)候，他們已經(jīng)輸?shù)袅诉@場(chǎng)比賽。否定句主語(yǔ)+had+not+過(guò)去分詞+其他They hadn't lost the match when I got there·我到那里的時(shí)候，他們還沒(méi)有輸?shù)暨@場(chǎng)比賽。疑問(wèn)句Had+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其他?-Had they lost the match when you got there?你到那里的時(shí)候，他們輸?shù)舯荣惲藛?-Yes, they had. /No, they hadn't·是的，他們輸了。/不，他們沒(méi)輸。（2）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法用法例句表示到過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前，已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，含有“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”之意。By the end of last tern，he had already learned 20 new songs.到上學(xué)期末為止，他已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了20首新的英語(yǔ)歌。表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一個(gè)時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作。常與for, since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用He had worked in the office for two years before he moved to another town.在搬到另一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)之前他已經(jīng)在那個(gè)辦公室工作了兩年了.【知識(shí)拓展】常與過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用的狀語(yǔ)：:before/by/by the time of/by the end of+過(guò)去時(shí)間。例如;We had been busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.我們忙于工作好幾個(gè)月了，所以我們?nèi)ズ＿叿潘闪艘幌隆?.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的 構(gòu)成分類句式例句肯定句主語(yǔ)+have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他Lucy is out of job，and she has been considering going back to school.露西失業(yè)了，她一直在考慮重返學(xué)校。否定句主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他He hasn't been working since he got laid off 3 months ago.他從三個(gè)月前被解聘后就一直沒(méi)干活兒。疑問(wèn)句Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?-Have the Chinese been making paper for two thousand years?中國(guó)有xx年的造紙歷史嗎?-Yes, they have. /No, they haven't.是的，他們有。/不，他們沒(méi)有。（2.）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法用法例句表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中國(guó)有xx年的造紙歷史。(動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去)表示從說(shuō)話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了(人還沒(méi)到，如同在電話里說(shuō)的，還會(huì)繼續(xù)等)考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1.(龍東中考)Mr Bridges, my primary school teacher, used to tell us that practice_ perfect. A. make B. made C. makes 【解析】選C that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句practice makes perfect是諺語(yǔ)，在任何時(shí)態(tài)中都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2.(濱州中考)-Do you know if he will e tomorrow? -No. But if he_，I'll call you to have a meal together. A. will e B. won't e C. es - D. doesn't e 【解析】選C。在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。故選C考點(diǎn)2考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法3.(安順中考)I_ tennis with my cousin every day when I was in America.A. play B. played C. had played D. has played【解析】 選B, when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是過(guò)去時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)也要用過(guò)去時(shí)。故選B4.(來(lái)賓中考)-What did you do for your dad on Father's Day this year?-I _ a beautiful tie for him.A. buy B. bought C. buys D. buying【解析】選B。問(wèn)句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，答語(yǔ)也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示。5.(十堰中考)-Have you finished using my dictionary? -Yes, I put it back on your desk just now. Who _ it away? A. will take B. is taking C. took D.has taken【解析】選C just now表示剛才發(fā)生的事情，有人拿走了字典，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選C,考點(diǎn)3考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法6.(綏化中考)Jenny_ on holiday now. I wonder when she一back.A. is being; es B. is; is ing C.will be; will e【解析】選B。第一空表示目前的狀態(tài)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí); 第二空e, go等表示位置移動(dòng)的詞可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。7.(天津中考)Robots_ more heavy work for us in the future. A. will do B. did C. have done D. were doing【解析】選A。句末的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the future暗示要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)4考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法8. (黔南中考)-Ann, could you help me? -Wait a minute, I_ A. am locking the door B. have locked the door C. lock the door D. was locking the door 【解析】選A wait a minute表示目前正在做另一件事情，因此要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。9.(來(lái)賓中考)-Would you mind turning down your music player? Everybody_ now -I'm sorry. I'll do it right now. A. sleep B. slept C. is sleeping D. are sleeping 【解析】選C?？蘸蟮膎ow表明要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，everybody作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。10.(十堰中考)-The book store_ a big sale. The books there must be very cheap now.-Sounds great. Let's go into it and have a look.A. will have B. had C. is having D. was having【解析】選C。由上下句意可知第一句指的是“書(shū)店正在打折”，要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選C考點(diǎn)5考查過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法11. (黔南中考)-We couldn't find you anywhere around 8:00 yesterday evening. -I am sorry for it. My mother and I_ in the square. A. danced B. will dance C. were dancing D. are dancing【解析】選C, 問(wèn)句問(wèn)的是昨天晚上八點(diǎn)鐘的情況, ，答語(yǔ)應(yīng)該用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。12.(赤峰中考)-I called you at 8:00 yesterday evening, but no one answered. -Sorry，I_ clothes for my parents at that time. A. wash B. washed C. am washing D. was washing 【解析】選D 根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)at that time可知句子用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選D考點(diǎn)6考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法13.(龍東中考)How time flies! Three years_ since I _ you last time.A. have passed; met B. has passed; met C. passed ; have met【解析】選B。主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，three years是一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)部分要用單數(shù)形式。故選B14.(赤峰中考)-The storybook is very interesting. -I agree with you. I_ it twice already. A. read B. will read C. was reading D. have read【解析】選D already表“已經(jīng)”，句子多用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D15.(孝感中考)-I'd like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia. -I'm sorry, but neither Jack nor I_ there.A. have been B. had been C. have gone D. has gone【解析】選A。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“對(duì)不起，但是杰克和我都沒(méi)去過(guò)那兒?！笨芍褂矛F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。have/has been to+地點(diǎn)，意為“去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了;have/has gone to+地點(diǎn)，意為“去了某地或在去某地的路上”; 答句是neither. nor引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就近一致與I保持一致，故選A考點(diǎn)7考查過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法16.(襄陽(yáng)中考)-We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didn't you e? -Because I _ that movie twice. A. have watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would watch 【解析】選B。根據(jù)上下文可知:我昨晚不去看電影，是因?yàn)槲乙郧翱催^(guò)了。敘述的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”發(fā)生的事，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，選B項(xiàng)。17.(上海中考) By the end of last week, she_ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children. A. will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed【解析】選D by the end of last week“截止到上個(gè)星期”，在時(shí)間上表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。