2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)資料 第11講 牛津版必修3 Unit3 Back to the past

2020年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)資料 第11講 牛津版必修3 Unit3 Back to the past【考點(diǎn)透視】I 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)take over接管、占據(jù)take off 脫掉（衣帽等）、切除（物）、動(dòng)身、（飛機(jī)等）起飛、請(qǐng)（幾天）假take off從（價(jià)格）中減去take on 雇用（某人）、承擔(dān)（工作）、呈現(xiàn)、流行take out 取出1. take to喜歡上（某人）、開(kāi)始（）、養(yǎng)成的惡習(xí)take up拿起、占有、開(kāi)始、繼續(xù)、（車輛等）搭載（乘客）take in吸收、包括、了解、理解、欺騙、收留（某人）住宿take back取回（某物）、收回（承諾等）、歸還take after（長(zhǎng)得）像（父母等）take for把當(dāng)作、誤認(rèn)為求助于翻到（書(shū)的某頁(yè)）2. turn to變成開(kāi)始工作把注意力導(dǎo)向 U毀滅 the of civilizationC常用pl. 廢墟、遺址 the s of ancient Rome3. ruin in ruins 成為廢墟的、荒蕪的 bring to ruin 使毀滅 fall in/into ruin = go to ruin 滅亡；荒蕪vt. Heavy smoking ruined his health. ruin oneselfruin/ destroy/ damage 都含有“破壞、毀滅”的意思，但有區(qū)別：destroy指徹底毀壞不能或很難修復(fù)。damage指價(jià)值、用途降低或外表?yè)p壞等，不一定全部破壞，損壞了還可以修復(fù)。ruin現(xiàn)在多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“弄壞了”。remains pl. 剩余、殘留物； pl. 遺體、尸首 link v. 保持，仍然處于(某種狀態(tài)) = still to be = continue to be = stay4. remain 后接形容詞、名詞.、分詞、不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)等vi 剩下 ，還有 stayremaining adj.剩下的 the remaining time = the time left(注意remaining和left的位置變化)比較：remain / stay作連系動(dòng)詞，意為“繼續(xù)保持某一狀態(tài)”（continue to be）時(shí)，?？苫Q。表示“剩余”、“殘存”時(shí)，通常只用remain，而不用stay。remain暗指呆在原地或保持原來(lái)的形狀或狀態(tài)。只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞，故無(wú)被動(dòng)式，不能帶賓語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)可以是人，也可以是物。stay指在某地作短暫停留，或逗留在一定的場(chǎng)所。主語(yǔ)通常是人。be involved in 熱衷于、專心于、參與、卷入、牽涉到5.involve oneself with 和混在一起、和有牽連involve sth. 包含、需要 winning the game involves both skill and fortune. = take away移開(kāi) = take off脫掉6. remove from =get rid of除掉、清除 =dismiss from 撤職 =move 搬家“環(huán)境、情況、條件”，常用pl.U“狀態(tài)、狀況”，但可與a連用 in good condition ; in a terrible condition7. condition“環(huán)境、情況”，其前的介詞用under / in on condition that “在條件下”in a condition to do sth. 宜于做某事on no condition 在任何條件下都不 n. / pron.8. require + sb. to do sth. doing/ to be done 從句 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣 (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形in return (for) 作為（對(duì)的）回報(bào) / 報(bào)答by return （接信后）立即作復(fù)Many happy returns (of the day)! 祝你長(zhǎng)壽！祝你長(zhǎng)命百歲！9.in turn 依次地by turns 輪流地take turns to do sth. = take turns at doing sth.輪流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事carry out實(shí)施、執(zhí)行、進(jìn)行10.carry on進(jìn)行、繼續(xù)。有時(shí)可跟動(dòng)名詞carry on with 繼續(xù)做（某事）carry off奪走（獎(jiǎng)賞）、帶走adj. 主要的、重要的、較大的11. major n. 主修科目、主修學(xué)生vi. 主修 （in +科目）in memory of12. = to the memory of為紀(jì)念 （只用于對(duì)已故人的懷念）in honor of= in ones honor 為紀(jì)念 （既可用于對(duì)已故人的紀(jì)念，也可用于對(duì)活人的敬意）goods 貨物、商品、財(cái)產(chǎn)。（復(fù)數(shù)形式，無(wú)單數(shù)形式，不可與數(shù)詞連用，但可與many，these，those等連用。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。）13. possession （pl.）財(cái)產(chǎn)；所有物； U 持有；具有wealth U 財(cái)富II 重點(diǎn)句型1. Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, so was the city.2. A saying goes that Rome wasnt built in a day.(= As the saying goes,)3. I am very honored and grateful that you have come today.4. Not only was Rome a city and a republic, but it was also to become the capital of one the largest empires in history.5. There is another similarity between China and Rome.【題例精析】【例1】A large number of students in our school _from the countryside; the number _ growing these years. （2020上海育才2月交流卷）A. is; has beenB. are; has beenC. is; have beenD. are; have been【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意a number of 和the number of 后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致關(guān)系。【要點(diǎn)精析】a number of意思為“許多”，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)視為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式； the number of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思為“的數(shù)量”，表示單數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。【答案】B【例2】ONeal works hard.So he does. He is often seen _ heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice. （2020浙江余杭中學(xué)2月卷）A. to be sweatedB. sweatedC. be sweatedD. sweating【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題關(guān)鍵是要正確處理好“感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞”主動(dòng)形式與被動(dòng)形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞的選用?！敬鸢附馕觥扛鶕?jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，感覺(jué)動(dòng)詞see用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，選項(xiàng)A、C不可以用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中；選項(xiàng)B為被動(dòng)意義，不成立；只有選項(xiàng)D(sweating)現(xiàn)在分詞與be seen構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)?！敬鸢浮緿【單元檢測(cè)】單項(xiàng)填空1. Mr. Wang has been selected _ chairman of the conference.A. aB. anC. theD. /2. Housework _ cooking, washing dishes, sweeping and cleaning.A. involvingB. involving inC. involvesD. involves in3. The emergency _ that the police should be called at once.A. insistsB. suggestsC. requiresD. advises4. Are you very anxious?Yes. Ten minutes _ like an hour when you are waiting for a phone call.A. seem B. seemsC. do D. does5. What do you think of Peter?He is a helpful person. He is always helping people without expecting anything _.A. in turnB. in returnC. on his returnD. on the turn6. The refugees (難民)have been fed, clothed and _ by welfare organizations around the world.A. storedB. collectedC. housedD. provided7. Why didnt you join them? You are _.I had to receive an unexpected visitor.A. wanted toB. wanted to haveC. supposed toD. supposed to have8. John is the only son of the couple, so it is certain that he will _ the big business when his father gets old.A. hand overB. take overC. go overD. turn over9. With more forests _, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away.A. being destroyedB. destroyedC. to be destroyedD. destroying10. Nothing _ after the terrible fire which had been cause by someone smoking in bed.A. remainedB. leftC. continuedD. kept11. The meeting being over, I found her _ at the desk and _ to music.A. seating; listenedB. seated; listenedC. seating; listeningD. seated; listening12. _ as one, the people of that country eventually drove the invaders out of their country.A. LinkedB. CombinedC. JoinedD. United13. A monument was set up at the centre of Tiananmen Square _ those who devoted their lives to our country.A. in praise ofB. in place ofC. in memory ofD. in need of14. Some young people are holding a birthday party next door, and the noise nearly _ me crazy.A. letB. getC. makeD. drive15.You didnt get hurt at all in the traffic accident?_. I was a lucky dog.A. No problem B. I dont think soC. Im afraid not D. Good heavens no完形填空One fine evening a man walked into a fast - food chicken place and bought a nine - piece bucket of chicken. He 16 his chicken to the park for a romantic picnic under the moonlight with his 17 .Upon reaching into the 18 , however, he received a 19 . Instead of chicken he discovered nine thousand dollars! The young man 20 the bucket back to the store and asked for his 21 exchange for the money. The manager, 22 by the young mans honesty, asked for his name and told him he wanted to call the 23 and the local news station to do a morality (道德說(shuō)教) that would 24 others.“My dates waiting, I just want my chicken,” the hungry man refused.The manager was deeply struck by the young mans humility (謙虛). He 25 to be allowed to tell the story on the news. At this the honest man became 26 with the manager and demanded his chicken. “You are an honest man in a (an) 27 world! This is a perfect opportunity to show the world that there are honest people 28 willing to take a stand for what is right. Please, give me your 29 and also the womans name. Is that your wife?”“Thats the 30 ,”said the young man. “My wife is at home. The woman in the car is my girlfriend. Now let me have my chicken 31 I can get out of here.”Its 32 to look good to people who dont 33 you. Many of us do a good deed here and there, and everyone 34 were something that we are not. But God sees your heart. It really doesnt matter how much you 35 or what other people think of you. What matters is whats on the inside.16. A. took B. ate C. carried D. sent17. A. sister B. wife C. friend D. lady18. A. park B. car C. pocket D. bucket19. A. love B. welcome C. surprise D. pleasure20. A. returned B. brought C. got D. lifted21. A. money B. right C. change D. chicken22. A. moved B. encouraged C. surprised D. delighted23. A. newspaper B. people C. government D. public24. A. please B. desire C. inspire D. interest25. A. asked B. begged C. needed D. required26. A. glad B. calm C. angry D. silent27. A. dishonest B. honest C. lovely D. peaceful28. A. never B. even C. yet D. still29. A. address B. name C. chicken D. opinion30. A. problem B. difficulty C. astonishment D. excitement31 .A. but B. so C. for D. as32. A. difficult B. good C. easy D. pleasant33. A. know B. love C. realize D. understand34. A. finds B. says C. thinks D. insists35. A. get B. do C. pay D. receive閱讀理解(A)If youre the type of traveler who just wants a suitable place to hang your hat and you dont want to spend a fortune to do it, here are several ways to save on your next hotel room:*Be Flexible Hotel rates are based on supply and demand, so be aware of peak periods. If your destinations high season is from December through April and youre trying to book near the end of April, you might find considerable savings if you change your travel dates by a week or two.*Check Hotel Web Sites The large travel-booking Web sites often sell rooms from the middlemen who have bought up empty hotel moms. But the major hotel chains also offer last-minute discounts, and because theyre not paying the middleman, they sometimes have better deals than the travel sites.*Dont be Afraid to Bargain Most people are so intimidated (畏縮的) by know-it-all hotel desk clerks that they dont bargain for a better deal. But bargaining for a better deal is often worth the trouble, because most hotel general managers would prefer having a customer paying a lower-than-usual rate to no customer at all. And if you find something unfair on your hotel bill, dont be afraid to complain. To keep your goodwill, hotels will often reduce or cancel such charges.*Avoid Hidden Costs Expensive little extras hotels never mention can increase the cost of your stay. Dont let this happen. Find out about resort fees, fees for parking and Internet use before you agree to stay. And dont touch the hotels phone unless you absolutely have to the rates can be more than $2 a minute even inside the United States.36. According to the passage, which of the following will save you some money?A. Change your visiting places in high season.B. Book rooms through Web sites.C. Use the hotels phone.D. Bargain with desk clerks for your room,37. That travelers can bargain for better deal is often based on the fact that _.A. managers often prefer a lower-paid customer to no customerB. there are many places which should not be chargedC. customers are often afraid to complain the priceD. the desk clerks and managers often cheat the travelers38. The passage was mainly written to _.A. advertise hotelsB. complain high costsC. serve the travelers D. introduce hotel services(B)Children who spend more time reading with their parents have a greater chance of becoming better readers than those who dont. With help from their parents, children can learn techniques to improve their reading skills.“A lot of parents think after their child learns to read, they should stop reading to them,” Donna George said. “They are sadly mistaken.”George offers her services to parents at the Title I Learning Centers. She said reading aloud to children may be the most valuable thing parents can do. “It is better for children to hear things at a higher level than where they are,” George said. “Parents are their childs first teacher.” Parents help their children build listening, phonics, comprehension and vocabulary skills when they read aloud to them.Before parents can identify reading problems, they should escape the enemy-television and limit the time their children spend watching television. George suggested not allowing kids to have a TV in their bedrooms, setting a schedule of when kids can watch or keeping a list of how many programs children watch. Louise Joines said while her 14-year-old daughter and 10-year-old son enjoy reading, the television sometimes becomes a distraction. So she tries to build the situation by suggesting books the entire family will enjoy reading together, like the Harry Potter series.Parents who do not read themselves should not count on their children being enthusiastic about it. If parents would read to their children at least 15 minutes every day, children would not have so many problems in school. It is the patents job to help build that desire in their children, and of course to know what kind of books to read is also important.39. According to George, reading aloud to children _.A. help them correct mistakesB. is helpful to their readingC. is parents first duty to their childrenD. can get children out of televisions attraction40. The underlined word (in Paragraph 4 ) means something that _.A. can improve childrens readingB. can help childrens right way of readingC. can make children interested in readingD. can make children not attentive41. What does the fourth paragraph mainly want to show is important?A. reading skills B. reading speedC. feeding materials D. reading environment42. If the passage is not completed, which of the following can follow the fifth paragraph?A. Parents choose reading materials for their children.B. Advice is given to control their children.C. What TV programs children can watch during reading.D. How children improve their reading by themselves.43. Which one would be the best title for the passage?A. Children Spend More Time Reading with Parents.B. Parents Are Their Childs First Teacher.C. How Parents Make Their Child a Better Render.D. How to Improve Childrens Reading Ability.對(duì)話填空A= a passer-by B = a nativeA: (44) E_ me, could you tell me which bus I can take to the Wang Fu Jing Department Store?B: Just take the No. 1 bus going in that (45) d_ (pointing) and get off at the Wang Fu Jing Stop. Walk a few (46) s_ to the corner and turn left. Keep on (47) g_ until you come to a tall cream-colored building. Thats the Wang Fu Jing Department Store. There are usually a lot of cars (48) p_ in front of it.A: Thank you. And where is the No. 1 bus stop?B: (pointing) Its over there.A: How many (49) s_ are there from here to Wang Fu Jing?B: Only one.A: In that case, Id rather walk.B: Its about a twenty-five (50) m_ walk. I think you must know the Beijing Hotel when you see it.A: Yes, I do. Its on the (51) l_ side of the street.B: Thats right. You walk (52) p_ the Hotel and turn left at the (53) c_. Keep on walking and youll get to the Department Store.A: Thank you.B: Youre welcome.(44)_(45) _(46) _(47) _(48) _(49) _(50) _(51) _(52) _(53) _書(shū)面表達(dá)最近，你班就“考試”這一話題舉行了一次討論會(huì)。請(qǐng)根據(jù)以下信息，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文，敘述大家對(duì)考試的看法?？荚嚪浅Ｖ匾梢酝ㄟ^(guò)考試了解自己的學(xué)習(xí)效果，把成績(jī)作為努力的動(dòng)力?？荚嚥⒉荒苷f(shuō)明什么1. 有人得高分就興高采烈,考試不及格就情緒低落。2. 有的為了取得好成績(jī),甚至不參加任何課外活動(dòng)。3. 如果沒(méi)有考試，大家就不必為此擔(dān)心，還可以選 擇自己喜歡的科目，多參加課外活動(dòng)，在社會(huì)實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)更多的東西。你對(duì)考試的看法1.考試是必要的,但應(yīng)該進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)母母铩?#160;   1. 短文必須包括所有要點(diǎn)。2. 詞數(shù)：120左右。3. 參考詞匯：改革reform ； 課外活動(dòng) extra-curricular activities4. 文章的第一句已為你寫(xiě)好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)：Some students think that it is very important to have an exam._【答案解析】【單項(xiàng)填空】1D。表示頭銜職務(wù)地名詞作賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)時(shí)（有時(shí)放在as之后），一般不用冠詞。2C。involve在這里意為“包括、包含”。3C。require意為“要求”，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。4B。表示時(shí)間、距離、金額數(shù)量等的名詞作為一個(gè)整體作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。5B。B。in turn意為“依次”。in return意為“作為回報(bào)”。on his return意為“他一回來(lái)”。D無(wú)此用法。6C。house在此句中為動(dòng)詞，意為“給（某人）提供住所”。根據(jù)題意，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合。7D。此題考查be supposed to的用法。因?yàn)榇耸率且堰^(guò)去的事情，故用不定式的完成式。應(yīng)選D。8B。hand over意為“移交、交出”。take over意為“接管”。go over意為“復(fù)習(xí)、仔細(xì)檢查”。turn over意為“移交給、翻身”。9A。根據(jù)后面暗示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，more forests 與destroy之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系且動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。故選A項(xiàng)。10A。remain意為“剩下、留下”，是不及物動(dòng)詞。leave是及物動(dòng)詞，若用被動(dòng)形式也對(duì)。11D。seat是動(dòng)詞，意為“使坐下”，常用被動(dòng)形式，或后接反身代詞構(gòu)成seat oneself。12D。link指將人或物連接或聯(lián)系起來(lái)。combine意為“結(jié)合、聯(lián)合”，指為了一目的而把兩個(gè)以上的事物聯(lián)系起來(lái)。unite意為“聯(lián)合、團(tuán)結(jié)一致”。13C。in praise of“贊美、贊揚(yáng)”。in place of“代替”。in memory of“紀(jì)念”。in need of“需要”。14D。drive sb. crazy意為“使某人發(fā)瘋”，是習(xí)慣搭配。15 D。Good heavens意為“天哪”。常用于表示“驚訝，譴責(zé)或?qū)捨俊保琻o相當(dāng)于I dont get hurt?！癗o problem”。意為“沒(méi)關(guān)系，沒(méi)問(wèn)題”，用于安慰對(duì)方。I dont think so 意為“我不這么認(rèn)為”。當(dāng)我們不同意對(duì)方觀點(diǎn)或看法時(shí)，則使用本句。另一常聽(tīng)到的語(yǔ)句 Im afraid not。也具有相近的表達(dá)意味，但語(yǔ)氣比I dont think so。更為委婉?！就晷翁羁铡?6A?！鞍褞У饺ァ?用take sth. to 來(lái)表示。carry無(wú)方向性；send意為“寄去”，都不符合題意17D。從第二段可知，不是他妻子；從romantic picnic可知，只能是他的lady18D。“當(dāng)把手伸進(jìn)bucket的時(shí)候”19C。因?yàn)橘I的chicken成了dollars，所以應(yīng)是“吃驚”(surprise)20B。年輕人把bucket帶回(brought)了商店21D。22A。被年輕人的誠(chéng)實(shí)所感動(dòng)。（moved）23A。經(jīng)理想通過(guò)報(bào)紙(newspaper)，電臺(tái)來(lái)進(jìn)行道德教育，從而，鼓勵(lì)(inspire)他人要誠(chéng)實(shí)24C。25B。經(jīng)理懇請(qǐng)(begged)，宣傳此事26C。經(jīng)理的好意，這年輕人并不領(lǐng)情，他只是急于要chicken，然后去見(jiàn)他的lady。這時(shí)他很生氣(angry)。27A。“在當(dāng)今這個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的(dishonest)世界上，這是一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì)向世人展示，仍然(still)有人主張要誠(chéng)實(shí)。28D。still 表示仍然，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明前面的honest people29B。name 和后面的name 一致30A。年輕人去約會(huì)的是他的(girlfriend)，而不是他的(wife)，現(xiàn)在經(jīng)理讓他留下他及他妻子的名字，不是等于把他和他girlfriend的事公布于眾嗎？對(duì)這年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)然是一個(gè) problem。31B。so表示這樣，32C。easy 表示向不認(rèn)識(shí)的人展示好的一面是很容易的33A。know表示認(rèn)識(shí)34C。know表示知道35B。最后一段作者通過(guò)上面的事例，談了一點(diǎn)自己的想法。【閱讀理解】36D。文章的第一條建議并沒(méi)有提到更改地方會(huì)省錢，因此A項(xiàng)不對(duì)：由第二條建議可知，通過(guò)網(wǎng)站買票并不一定能夠省錢，因此B項(xiàng)不對(duì)；由最后一條建議可知旅店的電話費(fèi)有時(shí)是很貴的，因此C項(xiàng)不對(duì)；而由第三條建議可知，D項(xiàng)是正確的。37A。由文章的第三條建議可知，之所以旅客能夠與旅店進(jìn)行討價(jià)還價(jià)是因?yàn)樗麄兺鶎幵嘎每徒坏唾M(fèi)也不愿房間空著沒(méi)有人住。38C。由文章的第一段可知，本篇文章主要是介紹如何降低旅店住宿費(fèi)用的方法。因此C項(xiàng)最佳。B篇屬于社會(huì)教育類文章。本文主要是介紹父母給孩子讀書(shū)的重要性，父母給孩子讀書(shū)有利于孩子的閱讀水平的提高。39B。由文章的第三段可知。選項(xiàng)A、C沒(méi)有提到；D項(xiàng)的表述不符合原文。40D。既然本段第一句就說(shuō)電視是閱讀的敵人，以及后面對(duì)電視的限制，因此可以知道電視不利于讀書(shū)，所以選D。41D。本段主要是講了電視對(duì)孩子的閱讀會(huì)產(chǎn)生不好的影響，常常讀書(shū)的環(huán)境沒(méi)有電視或者電視關(guān)掉，這些都屬于閱讀環(huán)境的內(nèi)容，因此D項(xiàng)正確。42A。文章的最后一段的最后一句“of course to know what kind of books to read is also important”暗示了后面應(yīng)該涉及到孩子應(yīng)該讀什么樣的書(shū)。因此，A項(xiàng)正確。43C。本篇文章主要是說(shuō)明父母給孩子讀書(shū)的重要性，父母給孩子讀書(shū)有利于孩子閱讀水平的提高。因此C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是父母多花時(shí)間在孩子身上而不是相反；B項(xiàng)與D硬的范圍模糊，不能概括文章的主要內(nèi)容?！緦?duì)話填空】44. Excuse 45. direction 46. steps 47. going 48. parked49. stops 50. minutes 51. left / left-hand 52. part 53. corner【書(shū)面表達(dá)】One possible version:Some students think that it is very important to have an exam. If so, we know the results of our studies, and the exams also make us study hard.However, other students dont think so. They say if they get high marks in the exams, they are very excited. But when they fail, they will be in very low spirits. Whats worse, they dont usually take part in other extra-curricular activities. If the exams are prohibited, we dont have to worry about the marks. In that case, we can choose the subjects we like, take part in more activities and learn more through social practice, which will greatly benefit us in the future.In my opinion, it is. But our exams should be reformed. It should test not only our knowledge, but also our practical abilities.