2020屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 學(xué)通語(yǔ)法 第四講 定語(yǔ)從句 新人教版

第四講 定語(yǔ)從句單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.2(2020·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market where people from the towns met regularly.3(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷語(yǔ)法填空)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit which/that is driving your family crazy.4(2020·廣東高考語(yǔ)法填空)Nicks guests, who had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.5(2020·江蘇高考改編)The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.6(2020·四川高考改編)The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7(2020·陜西高考改編)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent.8(2020·重慶高考改編)He wrote many childrens books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1who, whom, whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)；兩者在引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)?？捎胻hat替換。作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，who/that不可省略；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，whom/who/that可以省略。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我與好幾位去年在英語(yǔ)演講比賽中結(jié)識(shí)的同校同學(xué)成了好朋友。I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄賀卡給他們的朋友。(2)whose表所屬關(guān)系，一般指人，也可指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。指物時(shí)相當(dāng)于of which；指人時(shí)相當(dāng)于of whom。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.這家校內(nèi)商店的主要顧客是學(xué)生，放假時(shí)商店關(guān)門。2that, which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(1)which指物，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。that指人或物均可，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.她帶著這些游客參觀了那座三年前建造的博物館。(2)限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞只用that 不用which的情況：先行詞為不定代詞anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等時(shí)。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒絕接受因別人的錯(cuò)誤而對(duì)我進(jìn)行的指責(zé)。先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞，或先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.他們?cè)诠鹆謪⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。先行詞被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修飾時(shí)。The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.這頓飯只有甜點(diǎn)是我真正愛(ài)吃的。先行詞中既有表示人又有表示物的名詞時(shí)。They will never forget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.他們將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記在他們的長(zhǎng)途旅行中見(jiàn)到或聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的人和事。(3)關(guān)系詞只用which而不用that的情況：關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.這個(gè)男孩離家一個(gè)星期了，這使他父母很擔(dān)心。當(dāng)從句中的介詞提前，構(gòu)成“介詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我們生活在一個(gè)信息比以前更容易獲得的時(shí)代。3as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句(1)as 可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常用于“so/such/the same先行詞as .”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我們車間使用的機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句代指前面整句話內(nèi)容時(shí)只能位于主句之后。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2020, which made one of the Chinese peoples long­held dreams come true.(2020·安徽高考單選)莫言被授予2020年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這使中國(guó)人長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)?yè)碛械膲?mèng)想之一變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。 (2)as 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的這種類似插入語(yǔ)的句式有：as the saying goes, as is said above, as is mentioned above, as often happens, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等?！癥ou cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老話所說(shuō)的那樣：“人不可貌相。”二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on .which”。Opposite is St.Pauls Church, where you can hear some lovely music.(2020·北京高考單選)Opposite is St.Pauls Church, in which you can hear some lovely music.對(duì)面是圣保羅大教堂，你們?cè)谀抢锬苈?tīng)到一些動(dòng)聽(tīng)的音樂(lè)。當(dāng)先行詞為situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名詞，且引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中表示事情發(fā)生的情況、階段等時(shí)，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。 2when 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句when表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞in/at/on/during .which”結(jié)構(gòu)。I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2020·湖南高考單選)我正期盼那一天的到來(lái)，那時(shí)我女兒可以讀這本書，并且了解我對(duì)她的感情。3why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句why表示原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“介詞forwhich”結(jié)構(gòu)。Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting?你知道他沒(méi)參加會(huì)議的原因嗎？非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.我把理由告訴了他們，為此我沒(méi)有去開(kāi)會(huì)。 三、“介詞關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1介詞和關(guān)系代詞的確定若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom，指物時(shí)常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞whose名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事業(yè)。(be devoted to “獻(xiàn)身，致力于”)Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.(2020·湖南高考單選)心靈的呵護(hù)是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的過(guò)程，在這一過(guò)程中，即使是生活中微小的細(xì)節(jié)也應(yīng)該考慮在內(nèi)。Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.最近我買了個(gè)古代的花瓶，它的價(jià)錢很合理。2“of關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后表示整體與部分的關(guān)系可以用of which/whom。He had a lot of friends, none of whom would offer help to him when he was in trouble. 他有許多朋友，但當(dāng)他遇到麻煩時(shí)沒(méi)有人會(huì)給他提供幫助。3“介詞where”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)“介詞where”可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)要和“介詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.他的頭很快從窗口探了出來(lái)，從那里除了樹(shù)木他什么也看不到。(from where相當(dāng)于from out of the window，而不是from the window)典題精選我來(lái)改正常設(shè)誤點(diǎn)(2020·衡水市點(diǎn)睛金榜大聯(lián)考)Its really lucky I came to a restaurant that I am known.thatwhere(1)關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的錯(cuò)用關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)；關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。(2020·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.thatwhich(2)that與which的錯(cuò)用在不定代詞、最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞等后用that；在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和介詞后用which。(2020·九江高三一模)The book, of whose the cover is broken is of great help to all of us.whosewhich(3)which和whose的錯(cuò)用在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞which在從句中常作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，也可作定語(yǔ)，而whose只可作定語(yǔ)，“whosen.”相當(dāng)于“then.of which”或“of whichthen.”。(2020·嘉峪關(guān)市一中三模)There are many people think that wealth is better than health.在people后加who或thinkthinking(4)關(guān)系詞的缺失主要考查在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，容易受漢語(yǔ)影響而漏掉用作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系詞who/that/which等。.單句語(yǔ)法填空1(2020·唐山一中仿真模擬一)The richest of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $41 billion, who made his money by starting the company Microsoft.2(2020·?？诙?So, they looked around for a soccer club that/which would be able to do this for them.3(2020·山東臨沂二模)Ice bucket challenge is like the epidemic (流行病), which becomes popular around the world very quickly.4(2020·三門峽市考前適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Jane paused in front of a counter where some attractive ties were on display.5(2020·邢臺(tái)高三摸底考試)Officer: Im afraid I cant do that, Madam. In school zones, Im required to give tickets to all drivers who/that break the rules. Its the law in this county.6(2020·南陽(yáng)一中二模)Freeflyers, as the name suggests, enjoy the more spontaneous (即興的) thrill of doing their own things.7(2020·青島高三第二次統(tǒng)一質(zhì)檢)Its generally believed that this is the best play that was written by Jack.8(2020·吉林省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)模擬)Her boyfriend left in tears and a few days later sent a note to her, which said, “Please take good care of your eyes, my dear, because before they are yours, they were mine！”9(2020·滕州4月模擬)Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.10(2020·南陽(yáng)一中二模)My uncle has two daughters, both of whom are good students.11(2020·滕州5月模擬)She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would say to her with a smile, “Madam, this is your lucky day. Everything in your basket is free.”12(2020·江西鷹潭二模)The police must give the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law.單句改錯(cuò)1(2020·大慶質(zhì)量檢測(cè)二短文改錯(cuò))I finally knew the reason what she didnt talk to me and comforted her.whatwhy2(2020·蘭州模擬短文改錯(cuò))However, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles that of those which prefer reading articles about learning methods.whichwho3(2020·唐山一模短文改錯(cuò))I made friends with the daughter of my home­stay family, which was a college student.whichwho4(2020·長(zhǎng)春質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)二短文改錯(cuò))I am a 25­year­old young man graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.man后加who/that或graduatedgraduating5(2020·青島統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)短文改錯(cuò))You can also make more Chinese friends, they will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.theywho或they前加and6(2020·江西贛州模擬短文改錯(cuò))He saw pictures of vehicles could climb up the sides of buildings. He made up his mind to design a better vehicle.could前加that/which7(2020·湖南高考改編)Happiness and success often come to those whom are good at recognizing their own strengths.whomwho8(2020·廣西柳州3月模擬短文改錯(cuò))And I am unfamiliar with the language style of the speech article, that is totally different from the common article.thatwhich.語(yǔ)法填空(2020·河北省七校高三聯(lián)合考試)When you decide youre going to live alone, you get upset. This is _1_(nature). But theres no need to get _2_(worry). Below are some ideas _3_ can help you out.Saving money is _4_ you need to start several months before you move out. You need to save enough money _5_(help) you survive for at least a month in the new place. The _6_ (easy) of all ways is to spend less!Search for a place to live in before _7_(move) out. Make sure that the place you choose is in a good location. Besides, you can afford _8_. If youre going to stay in an expensive city, find a roommate so that you can share the expenses.And if you have to live _9_ your own for a long time, youll have to look for a part­time job. If youre _10_ student, you can work in restaurants, theaters, etc. And dont spend a lot of money in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny of what you earn.1natural考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)你決定單獨(dú)生活時(shí)，你變得沮喪，這是自然的。分析句子成分可知，空處作表語(yǔ)，故此處需要用nature的形容詞形式。2worried考查形容詞。get worried“擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂”。3that考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：下面是一些幫助你擺脫困境的方法。因?yàn)橄刃性~前有不定代詞some修飾，所以此處用that引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。4what考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：在你搬出去的幾個(gè)月之前，你就需要開(kāi)始存錢。what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。5to help考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：你需要存足夠的錢，幫助你在新的地方生存至少一個(gè)月。此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。6easiest考查最高級(jí)。句意：所有的方法中最容易的就是少花錢。由of all ways可知用最高級(jí)。7moving考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞before后跟動(dòng)詞­ing形式。8it考查代詞。此處用it指代前面的“the place”。9on考查介詞短語(yǔ)。on ones own“單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自”。10a考查冠詞。句意：如果你是一名學(xué)生，你能在餐館、劇院等地方工作。此處用不定冠詞a表示泛指一名學(xué)生。.短文改錯(cuò)(2020·銀川一中二模)On a snowy winter night, a bus with 45 passenger had an accident because the wet road. And all of them were trapping in the bus, and what is worse, the bus ran out of gas and it was very cold in it. They could do nothing but to wait for help. A man who lived nearby saw that had happened. He and some villagers succeeded in open the door and helped all of them out of the bus. He took them to his home but offered food and water and even some warm clothes to the children. They spent two days in their home and finally help came. All of them were thankfully for his help.答案：第一句：passengerpassengers; because后加of第二句：trappingtrapped; iswas第三句：去掉to第四句：thatwhat第五句：openopening第六句：butand第七句：theirhis第八句：thankfullythankful