2020屆高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義：SB2 A (unit1-unit10) 重點(diǎn)單詞

SB2 A (unit1unit 10)專題一： 重點(diǎn)單詞高考解讀【高考導(dǎo)航】2020;2020高考命題趨向分析1point的用法是2020;2020年高考的重點(diǎn)，需要掌握其作為名詞時所組成的固定詞組的意義及用法。如：come to the point 談?wù)}或主要問題；off the point偏離正題；to the point 中肯，切題；此外，由point所構(gòu)成的固定句型也是高考的熱點(diǎn)，如固定句式，：There is no point in doing sth.意為做某事沒有作用或意義；以及句型 be on the point of doing when 意為正要做某事時，另一件事情發(fā)生了2remain是高考高頻詞匯。Remain用作系動詞的用法一直是高考命題的切入點(diǎn)，如remain seated，考生同時還要注意stay與remain的區(qū)別，用作系動詞是兩者可以通用，意為“保持某種狀態(tài)”，其后常跟形容詞做表語。做實(shí)義動詞時，stay與remain均可表示“留下”之意，但表示“剩下”時，只能用remain3 approach是高考高頻詞匯。高考主要考查它作為名詞時的“靠近，接近，方法” 之意，要掌握approach的含義及與way， means， method后介詞搭配的不同；作為動詞，?？键c(diǎn)是其較多的含義在具體語境中的運(yùn)用4 present是高考重點(diǎn)詞匯，其作為動詞的用法是高考考查的重點(diǎn)，注意掌握其作為動詞時的詞義以及介詞的搭配，如：presente sb. with sth.與presente sth. to sb. 當(dāng)然present作為形容詞的用法也是非常重要的，需要掌握其作為形容詞時修飾名詞，代詞所在的位置如：be present at the meeting；the present situation5concern的用法是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)，對其的考查，主要是針對其作為動詞時的介詞搭配，如：be concerned about/for 對擔(dān)心； be concerned with涉及；論述。以及其拓展詞的含義，如：concerning 介詞 意為：關(guān)于，對于；concerned 形容詞，意為：擔(dān)心的，煩惱的，憂慮的【真題品析】1（09浙江卷）The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digitalresources of the library.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approach【答案】 A 考查名詞詞義辨析【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)句意"人們設(shè)計這個系統(tǒng)是為了讓學(xué)生快潔地使用圖書館的數(shù)字資源" passage 意為 "文章；走廊"；way 是 "方法、方式"； approach 也指"方式；接近"；access 指"入口、通路"，常和介詞to 連用，可知選A符合2【07山東卷】The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain_as the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating【答案】 C . 考查非謂語動詞【點(diǎn)撥】seat作為動詞講時，意為“讓人坐”。 remain為系動詞，意為保持的狀態(tài)，故后接形容詞做表語3（2020;2020年上海，26）The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism_the widlife in the area.A.inB.onC.atD.with【答案】B 考查名詞的介詞搭配【點(diǎn)撥】： 本題考查名詞的介詞搭配，檢測考生在特定語境中選用恰當(dāng)介詞的能力。介詞的用法比較復(fù)雜，且多為固定搭配，無多少道理可講，因而對介詞的掌握主要靠平時多觀察、多留心、多記憶本題中的名詞effects制約著后面介詞的選用。an effect on sth.意為“對某事的影響/作用” “對產(chǎn)生影響”用have an effect/the effects on sb./sth.例如：The film had quite an effect on her.4.After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.A. that B. what C. which D. where【答案】 D 考查定語從句中關(guān)系詞的確定【點(diǎn)撥】：本題考查定語從句中關(guān)系詞的確定，英語中point， situation， case做先行詞，其后關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞where相當(dāng)于in which。該定語從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，因此用where5(08湖北24) As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to _ the problem.A. handle    B. raise    C. face     D. present【答案】A 考查動詞辨析【點(diǎn)撥】： 本題考查動詞辨析，根據(jù)題意可以選出答案，因為沒有人知道機(jī)器到底出了什么毛病，我們必須派人去請工程師來處理這個問題handle the problem符合題意6（2020;2020上海春季, 22) The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2020;2020 is strongly impressed _ my memory.A.to B.over C.by D.on【答案】 D 考查動詞的介詞搭配【點(diǎn)撥】impress on是固定搭配,給留下印象知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)【考點(diǎn)概覽】（1）.point（2）.ignore（3）.match（4）.present（5）.concern（6）. bore（7）.stand（8）.convenient（9）. intention（10）.impress（11）.remain（12）.judge（13）.approach（14）. influence（15）. require（16）.employ（17）.calm(18) . witness(19). discourage(20). stress(21). access(22). defend(23). board精講點(diǎn)撥考點(diǎn)一 point【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】point一詞的用法1）point可作及物和不及物動詞，常用于下列短語（1）point out意為“指出,使注意”，后面可接名詞，也可接從句作賓語如The teacher pointed out the mistakes in the composition老師指出了這篇作文中的錯誤。He pointed out that it was important to remove weeds before sowing seed in the soil.他指出在土壤里播種以前先除草的重要性（2）point to意為“指向”，強(qiáng)調(diào)方向，并不是指著該物體。而 point at 表示“指著某一物體，指人時一般表示粗魯或不禮貌”2）point作名詞時，有以下幾種含義。 Please pay attention to the study of the language points in each unit請注意每一單元中語言重點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí)I failed to catch his point of view 我沒能領(lǐng)會他的觀點(diǎn)His talk is short but quite to the point 他的發(fā)言簡潔切題【拓展延伸】句型；There is no point in doing sth.為固定句式，意為做某事沒有作用或意義，與Its no good / no use doing sth.同義，point在此句中意為：作用，用處，意義 be on the point of doing when 意為正要做某事時，另一件事情發(fā)生了point常見詞組還有： come to the point 談?wù)}或主要問題off the point 偏離正題to the point 中肯，切題in point of fact 實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上【典型例題】There is very little _in protesting. It wont help much.A. means B. way C. use D.point【答案】 D 本題考查point的用法【點(diǎn)撥】There is no point in doing sth.為固定句式，意為做某事沒有作用/意義考點(diǎn)二：ignore【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】ignore vt. 不理睬；忽視。例如：I made a suggestion, but she ignored it.我提了個建議，可是她不理睬【拓展延伸】ignorant adj.無知的；無學(xué)識的；愚昧的ignorance n. 無知, 愚昧ignorance of 對-無知Children often behave badly out of ignorance.孩子們往往出于無知而不守規(guī)矩【典型例題】- So you didnt say”hello”to him last night?-Well,I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he _me and walked on.A. ignored B. refused C. denied D. missed【答案】A 考查動詞辨析?！军c(diǎn)撥】 區(qū)分動詞意思，按照句意排除。Ignore不理會；refuse拒絕；deny否定；miss錯過，想念。考點(diǎn)三： match【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】match的意義： n.火柴, 比賽, 競賽, 匹配, (足球, 捧球, 藍(lán)球)比賽He is John's match for bravery.他與約翰勇氣相當(dāng)The colors were a close match. 這兩種顏色很相配a soccer match.一場英式足球比賽v.相配, 相稱, 比賽, 相比, 匹配The coat matches the dress.外衣和裙子很相配You should match your deeds to your beliefs.你應(yīng)該使你的行動與你的信仰保持一致【拓展延伸】【辨析】match /fit /suitmatch v.“和相配；和相稱；使較量”一般指兩樣?xùn)|西互相匹配或兩人的能力勢均力敵，互為對手fit v. “使適合；使相配”，一般指衣服，鞋帽等合體，強(qiáng)調(diào)大小，尺寸與某人的身材合適suit v. “適合于；相配”，一般指氣候，食物，花色，款式，設(shè)計等適合某人【典型例題】 - How about nine oclock outside the cinema?-That_ me fine.A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits【答案】 D 本題考查交際用語和動詞辨析【點(diǎn)撥】A項多指衣服合身。B項多指滿足需求。C項指使?jié)M足，使?jié)M意。D項指適合某人或某情況考點(diǎn)四 present【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】 present 可用作動詞，意為“贈送，給予，呈獻(xiàn)，呈交，引見，介紹”也可用作名詞，意為“禮物”與gift同義還可用作形容詞，意為“出席的，到場的； 現(xiàn)在的”【拓展延伸】present 用法詳解1. present 及物動詞贈送,呈獻(xiàn)(+to/with)He presented her with a bunch of flowers. 他獻(xiàn)給她一束鮮花 引起(問題),造成(困難)(+to/with)All this presented new safety problems. 所有這些都造成了新的安全問題 提出,提交,呈遞(+to)Some 300 papers were presented at the meeting. 會上提出了大約三百篇論文呈現(xiàn);描述;出示(+to)He had to present a smiling face though heavy-hearted.雖然憂心忡忡,但他還得露出一副笑容介紹,引見2.present用作名詞禮物,贈品CHe often gave his neighbor's kids little presents.他常常送些小禮物給鄰居的孩子3.present用作形容詞出席的,在場的How many people were present at the meeting last night?昨晚到會的有多少人?現(xiàn)在的,當(dāng)前的BI'm not at all satisfied with the present situation. 我對目前的情況一點(diǎn)都不滿意【典型例題】完成句子1.There were 200 people_（到會）2.Im afraid I cant help you just _（現(xiàn)在）.Im too busy.3.They _（贈送了一筆款項）the college in memory of their son.4.My brother _（陳述了他的觀點(diǎn)）and sat down.5.May I _（把我的助手介紹給你）？【答案】1. present at the meeting 2. at present3. presented a sum of money to 4. presented his views5. present my assistant to you考點(diǎn)五 concern【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】concern vt.使擔(dān)心，使不安（與about/for搭配）；涉及，關(guān)系到（與with搭配）。通常用被動語態(tài)。be concerned about/for 對擔(dān)心be concerned with涉及；論述例如：We.are rather concerned about father's health. 我們相當(dāng)擔(dān)心父親的健康She is concerned about her sons future. 她擔(dān)憂著她兒子的將來The book is primarily concerned with Soviet-American relations during the Cold War.這部書主要講的是冷戰(zhàn)時期的蘇美關(guān)系?！就卣寡由臁?concern C & U 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注（與about/for搭配）；關(guān)系，利害關(guān)系（與with搭配）。例如：She showed a great deal of concern for her sons illness.她非常擔(dān)心她兒子的病情I have no concern with the company.我和該公司沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)【典型例題】They are very familiar with this kind of business, so theres no need to be_ about the outcome.A. enthusiastic B. optimistic C. concerned D. controversial【答案】C 考查形容詞詞義辨析?！军c(diǎn)撥】區(qū)分形容詞意思，按照句意排除。concerned 對感興趣，關(guān)心-，對-擔(dān)心；enthusiastic 熱情的；optimistic樂觀的； controversial有爭議的。【趣味吧】the authorities concerned常出現(xiàn)在媒體中，請問如何翻譯？提示：譯為“有關(guān)當(dāng)局”。concerned為形容詞，作“有關(guān)的，涉及的”解，常作后置定語?？键c(diǎn)六 bore【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】1. vt使感到厭煩All his old stories bore me他所有的老生常談使我厭煩Im bored with this job. 我對這件工作厭煩了。2. n令人厭煩的事物Don't be such a bore別這么討厭It's bore to little children having to go to school every day.要小孩子們每天去上學(xué)真是一件煩人的事【拓展延伸】bore的兩種分詞形式boring 和 bored：boring 表示主動，指某事物令人厭煩；bored表示被動，指被某事物弄得厭煩He was bored with his jobIt's a boring film類似的詞還有interesting與interested；exciting與 excited， satisfying與satisfied 等等。在這類詞中，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人的”的含義，而過去分詞表示“感到（受到）的”的含義如：The news sounds encouraging.這個消息聽起來令人鼓舞We were satisfied with the result.我們對那個結(jié)果感到滿意【典型例題】 Don't you think English _?       .A.bore   B. is boring  C.is bored  D.bored【答案】 B. 考查bore的用法【點(diǎn)撥】boring指某事物令人厭煩；bored指被某事物弄得厭煩。本句句意是：你不認(rèn)為英文讓人很厭煩嗎？考點(diǎn)七 stand【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】 vi. 站; 立于  There stood a strange man right behind me. vt. (1)放Stand the ladder against the wall.(2)忍受  If you cant stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.相關(guān)短語： stand out 凸顯，引人注意；出色stand by 站在一邊，支持幫助；做準(zhǔn)備；旁觀stand for 代表，意味著stand against反對stand at attention/ease立正/稍息stand behind sb. 支持stand at attention/ease立正/稍息stand behind sb. 支持stand on ones own feet依靠自己【拓展延伸】stand/bear/tolerate/put up with這四個詞都可表示忍受，容忍，stand，bear，tolerate常于can，could連用，stand尤用于否定句或疑問句中，后接名詞，代詞，或動詞的ing形式，無被動語態(tài)；bear多用語口語，后接名詞，代詞，動詞不定式或動詞的ing形式；tolerate后一般接名詞或代詞；put up with后也多接名詞或代詞。bear強(qiáng)調(diào)忍受者的堅韌。stand意為“忍受，頂住”，多用于口語中，常用于否定句中，若用于肯定句，則意為“不屈不撓，經(jīng)受得起”。tolerate意為“容忍”，語氣較前幾個詞弱。put up wit與tolerate意義相近，有“不計較，將就”之意，多用于口語【典型例題】-Mum, its fine weather. I want to skate this afternoon.-Dont you think the ice on the river is too thin to _your weight?A. stand B. bear C.catch D.take【答案】B 考查動詞詞義辨析題【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)句意，所缺詞表示承擔(dān)，承受的重量，負(fù)擔(dān)等之意。stand常用于人，指面對痛苦，艱難，侮辱等不畏縮后退，bear指能忍受磨難，冷靜的面對現(xiàn)實(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)容忍的能力，常用于口語，可與put up with換用考點(diǎn)八convenient【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】convenient，意為”方便的，便利的，合適的”，其主語不能是人it is convenient for sb to do sth.Is it convenient to/for you if I come at 6 p.m.?如果我下午六點(diǎn)來拜服你，（對你來說）方便嗎？【拓展延伸】convenience“方便，便利”，用作不可數(shù)名詞?！氨憷氖挛铮憷O(shè)施”，用作可數(shù)名詞短語for convenience為了方便起見at ones convenience在某人方便的時候Please come at your convenience. 請在你方便的時候前來。其形容詞形式是（反義詞）inconvenience adv. conveniently【典型例題】Our new house is very for me as I can get to the office in five minutes. In fact, this is the reason why I decided to buy it a week ago.A. reasonable B. comfortableC. convenientD. available【答案】 C 考查形容詞詞義辨析【點(diǎn)撥】 由句中as I can get to the office in five minutes可知，Our new house是”方便；便利的”考點(diǎn)九 intention【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】intention作為名詞可意為“打算”“計劃”“意圖”“目的”，可以有短語intention（of doing sth.）/intention(that)。如：What is Li Mings intention at the moment?李明現(xiàn)在有什么打算？I have no intention of going to the wedding.我無意去參加婚禮【拓展延伸】intend v. 打算，意欲，想要 后可接不定式，動名詞，從句或+sb./sth.+as/for+用法如下：intend that. 打算 intend doing sth / to do sth 打算 intend.for.打算供使用，打算把送給 ；打算使成為；想讓從事 intend sb to do sth 打算讓某人做某事 be intended / meant for 專門為專門給 have no intention of doing無意做 with the intention of 抱有目的，打算 without intention 無意中，不是故意地例句：I hear they intend to marry./marrying. 聽說他們要結(jié)婚了I intended it as a joke. 我不過說笑罷了I intend that you shall take over the business. 我有意讓你接管公司。I think the bomb was intended for me . 我認(rèn)為那顆炸彈是要炸我的【典型例題】Younger people shouldn't be doing exercises _ for 18-year-olds.A. used     B. intended     C. made     D. described?！敬鸢浮?B 考查intend的基本用法【點(diǎn)撥】intend與for的搭配表示“打算供某人使用，為某人設(shè)計使用”等意思考點(diǎn)十impress【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】impress v.1給.極深的印象;使感動I was very impressed by his story. 他的故事深深打動了我2. 使銘記,銘刻 (+on/upon)My father impressed on me the importance of hard work.我父親要我牢記努力工作的重要性O(shè)ur teacher impressed us with the importance of studying.老師要我們牢牢記住學(xué)習(xí)的重要性3. 印,壓印;蓋(印)于+on/intoHe impressed his name on the box他把自己名字印在那只盒子上【拓展延伸】impression n. 印象，感覺，看法 后常接+ on sb./of sth./of doing sth./that如：The new teacher made a good impression on the students.新教師給學(xué)生留下了一個好印象He gives the impression of being a hard worker.他給人的印象是工作努力I have the impression that I've seen that I've seen that man before.我覺得我以前見過那個人【典型例題】The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2020;2020 is strongly impressed _my memory.A. to B.over C.by D.on【答案】D 考查介詞用法?！军c(diǎn)撥】句意為“市長的為爭取2020;2020年世博會的演講給我留下了極為深刻的印象。”所缺介詞與impress組成 “給.留下印象”講，介詞用on，為習(xí)慣表達(dá)考點(diǎn)十一 ：remain【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】 remain vi.剩余，遺留，殘存。例如：Very little of the house remained after the fire.大火之后，這所房子所剩無幾The children ate and ate until no food remained on the table.孩子們一直吃個不停，直到把桌上的東西吃得精光才罷休There were only ten minutes remaining只剩下十分鐘了【拓展延伸】 remain linking v.仍然是，保持（作聯(lián)系動詞，后接形容詞、介詞短語、分詞、名詞等作表語）。例如：The weather still remained cold in April,雖然已進(jìn)入四月，天氣仍然還很冷The true author of the book remains unknown.那本書的真實(shí)作者依舊不祥They remain good friends even though they entered different high schools.他們雖進(jìn)入不同的高中就讀，感情依然很好The problem remains to be solved.這個問題有待解決We remained standing in the cold for a good hour.   我們在寒冷中足足站了一個小時?！镜湫屠}】The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _as the plane was making a landing.A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating【答案】 C . 考查表語用法。【點(diǎn)撥】seat作為動詞講時，意為“讓人坐”。 remain為系動詞，意為保持的狀態(tài)，故后接形容詞做表語考點(diǎn)十二. .judge【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】. judge C 裁判員；法官例如：He was a judge of(at) a speech contest 他是演講比賽的裁判The judge sentenced him to five years in prison.法官判他五年監(jiān)禁【拓展延伸】 judge v.判斷，斷定，判決。用法如下： judge sb./sth. 對下判斷。例如：You cant judge a person by his appearance.你不該以貌取人。Schools should not be judged only on exam results.學(xué)校的好壞不能僅憑考試結(jié)果來評判 judge that-clause/wh-clause 判斷，認(rèn)為Can you judge which shoes are best? 你能鑒定哪雙鞋子最好嗎? judge it + (to be) + adj./n.認(rèn)為是例如：We judged it better not to make a hasty decision.我們認(rèn)為最好不要匆忙做出決定。 judging from/by 根據(jù)來判斷（作插入語）。例如：Judging from what he said， he must be an honest man.從他說的話來判斷，他一定是個誠實(shí)的人judging from 引導(dǎo)的是一個獨(dú)立成分，不能改為judged，因為它表示的是說話人的一種態(tài)度。獨(dú)立成分，在句中形式一般不變：to tell you the truth 跟你說實(shí)話吧 generally speaking 一般地講Judging from his accent, he must be from Hunan. 聽他的口音，他準(zhǔn)是湖南人She was asked to judge the essay competition. 擔(dān)任裁判【典型例題】It seems difficult to _”hurt” from “injure” in meaning.A. judge B.tell C. divide D.separate【答案】 B 考查動詞的詞義辨析?！军c(diǎn)撥】 judge“判斷，斷定”常說judge a person by/ from his looks“以貌取人”； tell“辨別，識別”，強(qiáng)調(diào)分辨異同，常說tellfrom“把與區(qū)分開”或tellapart“區(qū)分開”；divide“劃分，分割”指把一個整體分成若干份，常說divideinto “把分成”或divideform “把與隔開”； separate“分開，分離，分散”，常說separateform“把與分離開”。由題意“要區(qū)分開hurt與injure的意義似乎很難”可知答案為B。考點(diǎn)十三：approach【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】approach vt & vi. 接近；靠近；接洽，交涉n. 接近；方法；途徑We approached the birds quietly and watched them. 我們悄悄上前觀察那些小鳥The time for graduation is approaching. 畢業(yè)的日至近了I approached him about filling the managers job.我找他商量，問他有無意擔(dān)任經(jīng)理The approach of the examination is making her nervous. 考試的逼近使她不安。All the approaches to the airport were blocked by the police.所有通往機(jī)場的道路都被警察封死了His method presents a new approach to English.他提出學(xué)習(xí)外語的新方法【拓展延伸】difficult of approach難于接近的easy of approach 易于接近的make an approach to對.進(jìn)行探討approach sb. on sth.向某人接洽商量、交涉approachable adj. 可接近的【典型例題】The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.A. accessB. passageC. wayD. approach【答案】 A 考查名詞詞義辨析【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)句意"人們設(shè)計這個系統(tǒng)是為了讓學(xué)生快潔地使用圖書館的數(shù)字資源" passage 意為 "文章；走廊"；way 是 "方法、方式"； approach 也指"方式；接近"；access 指"入口、通路"，常和介詞to 連用，可知選A符合考點(diǎn)十四：influence【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】名詞 n. 影響,作用CU(+on/upon)The influence of climate on crops are self-evident.氣候?qū)r(nóng)作物的影響是不證自明的及物動詞 vt. 影響,感化;左右I don't want to influence you. You must decide for yourself我不想影響你。你必須自行決定【拓展延伸】affect, effect, influence用法辨析1. affect 與 effect 均可表示“影響”，其區(qū)別是：前者是動詞(及物)，主要指一時的影響，著重影響的動作，可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞)，也可指不良影響；后者是名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))，兩者的關(guān)系大致為：affecthave an effect on。如：To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影響一項政策就是對該政策具有一種影響。The news did not affect her at all.The news had no effect on her at all.這條消息對她沒有一點(diǎn)影響注：effect 有時雖用作動詞(及物)，但不表示“影響”，而表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。如：2. influence 表示“影響”，主要指對行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響?？捎米鲃釉~(及物)或名詞(通常不可數(shù)，但有時可連用不定冠詞) 如：What you read influences your thinking. 你讀的東西對你的思想有影響。Its clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的畫顯然受了畢加索的影響。Television has a strong influence on people. 電視對人有很大的影響【典型例題】 Though Van Gogh formed his own painting style,we can still see the _of some famous French artists on his works.A. effect B application C. relation D. infliuence【答案】D. 考查名詞詞義辨析【點(diǎn)撥】從搭配上分析，與on搭配的詞為A，D，從詞義分析，effect作用，infliuence影響，作用。主要指對行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響根據(jù)句意，D符合題意。考點(diǎn)十五： require【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】require 是及物動詞，意思是"需求，要求"。常用下列句型結(jié)構(gòu)：1） 接名詞作賓語。例如：This job requires strength.這份工作需要體力。2）接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如：They required us to help them. 他們要求我們幫助他們。3）接that從句（從句謂語動詞should+動詞原形，其中should可省略）。例如：She required that I（should）go at once.她要求我立刻去The situation requires that immediate action（should）be taken.情勢上需要立即采取行動4）接動名詞主動式或不定式被動式例如：These temples require repairing next month . = These temples require to be repaired next month【拓展延伸】 require/ request/ demand辨析三者相同的是：后均可接sth. of sb.不同的是：require，demand，后接賓語從句時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，用should+動詞原形或省略should，而request后接從句，謂語動詞用直陳語氣，require，demand意為要求，需要，request意為請示，需要。Require與 request都可接不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，demand不行，require與demand都可接不定式做賓語，request不行。Require后可接v-ing形式，相當(dāng)與need的用法，但demand只接不定式和名詞。request/ demand可以用做名詞，而require的名詞為requirement.【典型例題】Visitors _not to touch the exhibits.A. will rrequest B. request C.are requesting D. are requested【答案】D. 考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)【點(diǎn)撥】從句意看參觀者被要求不能觸摸展品，應(yīng)該使用被動式考點(diǎn)十六：employ【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】1雇用 常構(gòu)成employ sb. in /on sth.或employ sb. asshe is employed as a taxi driver.她受雇任出租車司機(jī)2使用,利用常構(gòu)成employ sb. in sth./ doing sth.How do you employ your spare time? 你是怎樣利用你的空余時間的?He is employed in a bank. 他在一家銀行任職He employed himself (in) teaching English. 他從事英語教學(xué)工作3(常與oneself連用或用被動語態(tài))使忙于,使從事于(+in)The children were employed in painting. 孩子們忙于畫畫兒The children employed themselves in painting. 孩子們忙于畫畫兒?！就卣寡由臁縠mployee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇員employer n. 雇傭者，雇主employment n.雇傭，使用unemployment n.失業(yè)，失業(yè)狀況，失業(yè)人數(shù)unemployed adj. 未被雇傭的，失業(yè)的the unemployed 失業(yè)的人【典型例題】 - How long _ at his job?- Since 1990A. were you employed B. have you been employedC. had you been employed D. will you be employed【答案】B 時態(tài)考查題【點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)時間狀語since 1990 ，可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時考點(diǎn)十七：calm【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】calm vt.& vi.（使）平靜，（使）鎮(zhèn)定；adj.平靜的，鎮(zhèn)靜的。calm down vi.平靜下來calm sb down 使某人平靜下來He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down他深深地吸了幾口氣，使自己平靜下來The crying child soon calmed down哭鬧的小孩不多一會就安靜下來【拓展延伸】【辨析】：calm, quiet, silent, stillcalm 指氣候、海洋“風(fēng)平浪靜的”，指人“從容鎮(zhèn)靜的” 例如：The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧藍(lán)，海上風(fēng)平浪靜Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice.雖然她害怕，但還是用平靜的聲音回答quiet 側(cè)重于因無騷擾產(chǎn)生的“安靜、無動靜、無聲響”。例如：Be quiet, please. 別吵鬧，請安靜下來He had a quiet life in the countryside.他在鄉(xiāng)間過著安靜的生活。silent 意為“寂靜無音的”、“沉默無言的”，指人沉默不語或地方一片靜寂。例如：The house is empty and silent.房子里空無一人，寂靜無聲。A silent man likes to stay in a silent place.沉默寡言的人喜歡呆在安靜的地方。still 指“靜止的、一動不動的、寂靜的”，側(cè)重于靜止不動和完全無聲，帶有感情色彩。如：All sounds are still.萬籟俱寂The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moves slightly.那個瑞典人紋絲不動地站著，只有嘴唇在輕輕蠕動【典型例題】Keep calm/quiet/silent/still.填空對比：Keep_ 保持鎮(zhèn)靜（別慌）。Keep _ 保持安靜（別吵）。Keep_. 保持沉默（別說話）。Keep_ 保持靜止（別動）?！敬鸢浮縞alm quiet. silent still.考點(diǎn)十八： . witness【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】witness v.當(dāng)場見到；目擊；表明；說明；做證 n.目擊者；證詞;證明。I witnessed an accident on my way home yesterday.昨天在回家的路上，我目擊了一場事故Her flushed face witnessed the great excitement she felt.她通紅的臉表明她很激動There was no witness that he was present. 沒有人證明他在場The old man gave witness on behalf of an accused person. 那位老人為被告作證?！就卣寡由臁縝e a witness to是.的目擊者 bear witness to/of做.的證人/證據(jù) give witness on behalf of替.作證【典型例題】. I _witness to his innocence.A. put B. ma ke C. bear D. hold【答案】 C 考查固定短語?！军c(diǎn)撥】由bear witness to/of 做.的證人/證據(jù)可知考點(diǎn)十九： discourage【基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)】discourage 使泄氣,使沮喪；勸阻;打消(+from)； 阻擋,防止(+from)1. Don't let one failure discourage you. 不要因為一次失敗就泄氣2. We discouraged him from giving up