《動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)》PPT課件.ppt

第六講 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài),時(shí)態(tài)的一般用法,考點(diǎn)透析 1十種常用的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu)： S主語， do動(dòng)詞原形， does 動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)， did過去式， doing = 現(xiàn)在分詞， done = 過去分詞。,1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):,do/ does,2.一般過去時(shí):,did,3.一般將來時(shí):,will do,7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):,have / has done,5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):,is, am are doing,6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí):,was, were doing,4.過去將來時(shí):,would /should do,8.過去完成時(shí):,had done,時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí),9.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí):,have been doing,10.過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):,had been doing,一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法 1表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 常與always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等連用。 He plays football twice a week. 他每周踢兩次足球。 I sometimes go to work on foot. 我有時(shí)步行去上班。,2表示現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)或狀態(tài)，特征。 Its cold today.今天很冷。 You look tired now. 你現(xiàn)在看起來很疲乏。 She is a famous singer .她是個(gè)著名的歌唱家。 Tom likes swimming. 湯姆喜歡游泳。,二、一般過去時(shí)的用法 1表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)， 常與表示過去時(shí)間的副詞如：yesterday, last week, two hours ago等連用。 My family moved here five years ago. 我家五年前搬到了這里。 I was born in 1973. 我生于1973年。,2.表示過去一段時(shí)間經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.這時(shí)可與頻度副詞如：often, usually, always等連用。 He always worked into night those days. 那些日子他總是工作到深夜。 I often left on business in 1987.1 987年我經(jīng)常出差。,三.一般將來時(shí)（will/shalldo）: 1.Will、shall表示沒有經(jīng)過事先考慮,而是在說話的時(shí)候才決定做某事,e.g. -You forget to close the door. -Oh, Ill close it at once.,2. be going to +不定式，表示將來。 主語的意圖，即將做某事。 e.g. What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。 e.g. The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。 e.g. Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。,3. be +to do表將來，按計(jì)劃或安排將發(fā)生的事; 命中注定的事; 命令。 e.g. We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。 4. be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事,不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。 e.g. He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。 5. be due to與時(shí)間表,旅行計(jì)劃等有關(guān)。 e.g. The train is due to leave at 7:00.,四、過去將來時(shí),概念：過去某時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用于間接引語中.,構(gòu)成：主語+would/ should +V(動(dòng)詞)原形,He said he would go to Shanghai for the holiday. He said he was going to cry. We were to finish the job in three hours.,五、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 （1）表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與now, at present, at this, moment等連用。 It is snowing now. 現(xiàn)在正在下雪。 2）與these days, this week/month等連用，表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 He is studying hard these days. 這些天他學(xué)習(xí)很努力。 He is writing a book. 他在寫一本書。,六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 其形式為was /were + V-ing。常與表示過去的具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，如：at this time，last night, last Saturday等；或者與when, while, as引導(dǎo)的過去時(shí)間狀語連用。 He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看書時(shí)睡著了。,We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥騎自行車的時(shí)候從車上摔下來，受傷了。,七、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 （1）表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，但后果或影響仍在。常與already, just, yet等副詞連用。 I have just read your letter. 我剛剛讀完你的信。 (2）表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語連用。 He has lived here for three years. 他在此住了兩年了。 I have been here since 1976. 自從1976年我就一直在這里。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式have/has done,八、過去完成時(shí)had done 表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前完成了的動(dòng)作，也可以說過去的時(shí)間關(guān)于過去的動(dòng)作。即“過去的過去”。 可以用by, before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個(gè)表示過去的動(dòng)作來表示，還可能通過上下文來表示。 By nine oclock last night, we had gotten 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9點(diǎn)鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。,九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且 還將持續(xù)下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for 2000 years. 中國有2000年的造紙歷史。 I have been learning English since three years ago. 自從三年前以來我一直在學(xué)英語。,注意問題,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)注意： 1.客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。,The earth moves around the sun.,Ill help you as soon as you have problem.,2.在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中， 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。,Tell Mark about it if you meet him.,3.在時(shí)刻表中，用一般現(xiàn)在是表將來。,The plane takes off at nine.,4過去將來時(shí)和過去完成時(shí)都是相對(duì)過去時(shí)間而存在的時(shí)態(tài)，在答題時(shí)，一定要仔細(xì)揣摩上下文的時(shí)間關(guān)系。 She said that she would buy a house for her father. He had been killed before the police came.,過去,現(xiàn)在,killed,came,5leave，go，arrive，take，fly，start，begin，come等動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在式可表計(jì)劃安排好的將來，它們的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示將來動(dòng)作。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來 He is arriving in China tomorrow. = He will arrive in China tomorrow.,6be going to表早就安排好的將來，或表根據(jù)某種跡象判斷要發(fā)生的事情。 will/shall表臨時(shí)決定要做的動(dòng)作。 be to表按約定計(jì)劃或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的意志和決心。 be about to表馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不能與表示將來的確切時(shí)間狀語連用。 What are you going to this evening?Im going to see a film with my friend. Havent you known Mr. Wang is ill?Really？Then Ill go to see him instead. How about seeing a film tomorrow?Sorry，I cant. I am to take the driving test.,7如果句中有so far，by now，in the last few years，till now，up to now等表示時(shí)間的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 So far, I havent seen your parents.,8句型It is the first time.、This is the last time.中，從句的謂語要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time I have had hamburger, it is delicious. 句型It was the first time.、This was the last time.中，從句的謂語要用過去完成時(shí)。 It was the second time I had seen the film, its still very moving.,9句中的狀語是by the end of過去時(shí)間，動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。 By the end of last year, we had helped a lot of people by donating. 句中的狀語是by the end of將來時(shí)間，動(dòng)詞用將來完成時(shí)。 By the end of the next century, China will have become a developed country.,1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):,is, am, are done,2.一般過去時(shí):,was, were done,3.一般將來時(shí):,will be done,7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):,have been done,5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):,is, am, are being done,6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí):,was, were being done,4.過去將來時(shí):,would /should / be going to+be done,8.過去完成時(shí):,had been done,9.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的:,can/may/must +be done,10. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài),11有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，卻表示被動(dòng)意義。主要有下列幾種情形： (1)be worth doing：某事值得做 The film “Happy Feet” is worth seeing.,(2)need/want/requiredoing need/want/require to be done My bike is broken, it wants repairing. My bike is broken, it wants to be repaired. (3)beadj.to do What he says is often hard to understand.,(4)表感覺的連系動(dòng)詞形容詞 fell, sound, taste, look, seem, appear. The real silk fells very soft and comfortable, and the unreal one feel very hard. 真絲感覺起來很柔軟，假的很硬。,(5)當(dāng)句子的主語是物，同時(shí)又是動(dòng)作涉及的對(duì)象，而動(dòng)詞又是表明主語本身的特性時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。這時(shí)，句末有一個(gè)表示方式的副詞。 write, read, clean, sell, wash This kind of cell phones sell well. 這類手機(jī)銷售得很好。,12. 不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況,take place, 發(fā)生，舉行, belong to ,屬于 happen, 發(fā)生 appear, 出現(xiàn),Great changes took place in Taishan last year.,The 16th Asia Games took place in Guangzhou last year.,高考考點(diǎn)分析,六、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)： 一、考點(diǎn)分析 謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)在廣東高考中是每年必考點(diǎn)，我們必須重視。雖然考試說明中列了十種時(shí)態(tài)，但?？嫉闹皇且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。請(qǐng)看近四年的高考英語廣東卷：,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 （主動(dòng)：do/does；被動(dòng)：is/am/are done） （2008年廣東卷）Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. 【解析】句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，result應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮的是它的時(shí)態(tài)；“急于求成，往往會(huì)事與愿違”是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填results。,(results),2、一般過去時(shí)。 (2010年廣東卷)After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man. 【解析】句中the young man是主語，其后的present應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，由語境可知，用一般過去時(shí)。,(presented),（2009年廣東卷）people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows（肘部）,hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 【解析】與stepped并列，也用一般過去時(shí)。,(pushed),（2009年廣東卷）Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform). (was informed) 【解析】Jane是主語，其后的inform應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞；因Jane與inform是波動(dòng)關(guān)系，又是一般過去時(shí)，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,3、固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)。 （2007年廣東卷）I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31 (break) down near a remote village. (broke) 【解析】在when后面的句子中，my car是主語，break應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；由全文可知這是敘述過去的經(jīng)歷，用一般過去時(shí)；再說was/were doingwhendid是一個(gè)固定句型，when后面的句子的謂語用一般過去時(shí)，表示“正在做某事，就在這個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生了另一事”。,【總結(jié)】如果一個(gè)句子沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但所填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，就是填謂語動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)就要根據(jù)語境考慮語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。,