中考英語命題研究 第二部分 語法專題突破篇 專題七 形容詞和副詞 第一節(jié) 形容詞和副詞的用法及辨析（精講）試題1

專題七形容詞和副詞第一節(jié)形容詞和副詞的用法及辨析,青海五年中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢編者按：分析青海5年中考真題可以看出，形容詞和副詞辨析是每年中考的必考點。單項選擇和完形填空中的形容詞詞義辨析屬于高頻考點，形容詞短語和副詞詞義辨析屬于常考點，偶爾考查形容詞和副詞的比較級，而綜合填空側重考查形容詞和副詞的形式轉換。,青海中考重難點突破【滿分點撥】一、形容詞的用法及位置說明人或事物的特征、性質或狀態(tài)，常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞的詞叫形容詞。1作定語，放在名詞之前，復合不定代詞之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.這個漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告訴你。注意：有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語，不能作定語，如alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。2作表語，放在系動詞之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起來很開心。3作賓補，放在賓語之后，常與make，leave，keep等動詞連用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必須閉上眼睛。二、某些形容詞說明事物間的關系，如方位、時間、用途等，沒有比較級的變化，如the same，different，southern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一樣。三、副詞的作用、構成、分類和位置1副詞的作用副詞是表示行為特征或性狀特征的詞。主要以修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句。在句中主要用作狀語。如：Sometimes were very busy.有時候我非常忙。2副詞的構成構成例詞與形容詞同形low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，just，well，enough，long，high，slow形容詞后直接加lysadsadly；politepolitely輔音字母加y結尾的形容詞改y為i再加lyhappyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily輔音字母加le結尾時，去e加ysimplesimply；terribleterribly；gentlegently少數(shù)以e結尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加lytruetruly；dueduly注意：(1)有些以ly結尾的詞是形容詞而非副詞。如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。(2)有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容詞后加ly，意義有區(qū)別。常見的有：closeadj./adv.靠近closelyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免費freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚；遲latelyadv.近來deepadj./adv.深deeplyadv.深刻/深入地nearadj./adv.鄰近nearlyadv.幾乎/將近hardadj./adv.努力地hardlyadv.幾乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.寬闊widelyadv.廣泛地3.副詞的分類和位置分類位置例詞時間副詞一般放在句尾。now現(xiàn)在then那時today今天tomorrow明天yesterday昨天before前面ago之前soon很快once曾經(jīng)；以前at first首先at last最后just now剛才at once立刻，馬上頻度副詞行為動詞之前或助動詞、情態(tài)動詞及be動詞之后。twice兩次daily天天；常常weekly每周；每周一次every day每天every week每周every month每月always總是；經(jīng)常usually經(jīng)常often經(jīng)常；常常sometimes有時ever曾經(jīng)never從來不地點副詞一般放在句尾。here這兒there那兒upstairs樓上downstairs樓下above上邊behind后邊everywhere每個地方anywhere任何地方方式副詞放在不及物動詞之后或及物動詞之前。well好地，優(yōu)質地badly壞地，劣質地fast快速地hard難地；努力地happily快樂地loudly大聲地luckily幸運地politely禮貌地quickly快速地really真正地safely安全地slowly緩慢地程度副詞被修飾的形容詞或副詞前，情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。enough修飾形容詞或副詞時須后置。quite相當，完全，十分 rather相當；頗；有點 very非常 much許多 a lot許多 a little一點；一些a bit少量 enough足夠 hardly幾乎不 almost大多數(shù)疑問副詞通常置于句首。疑問副詞有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。疑問副詞常用來構成特殊疑問句。關系副詞用來引導賓語從句，放在句中。關系副詞有when，where，why，how等，關系副詞常用來引導從句。四、形容詞和副詞辨析1形容詞詞義辨析近幾年青海中考對形容詞詞義辨析的考查為必考點。在單項選擇部分是偶考點。有時會涉及對某一類形容詞詞義辨析的考查，如性格描述類。在完形填空部分是必考點，越來越注重在具體語言環(huán)境下詞義的區(qū)別，解答此類試題要知道不同的形容詞所表達的具體含義。2副詞詞義辨析青海中考近5年單項選擇中并沒有考查副詞詞義辨析，但是完形填空中會涉及一道副詞詞義辨析的試題，且偏向頻度副詞的考查。所以學生要重點掌握常見副詞的詞義和用法。3形容詞和副詞混合辨析青海中考中有很多形容詞和副詞形式相近的詞。此類混合考法是青海中考試題的亮點。下面將這類最常見的形容詞與副詞加以歸納，以幫助學生區(qū)別它們的不同含義與用法，并能在實踐中靈活地加以運用。(1)easy adj.容易的easily adv.容易地；輕松地如：Its easy to finish this task.完成這項任務很容易。That can be done easily.那很容易辦到。(2)slow adj.慢的slowly adv.緩慢地；慢吞吞地如：Business was rather slow last month.上個月生意不太景氣。He slowly walked up the path.He walked up the path slowly.Slowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(3)clear adj.清楚的；明白的；清晰的clearly adv.清楚地；明白地；清晰地如：The book is so clear that I can easily understand it.這本書很清晰，我很容易理解。He spoke so clearly that I could hear every word.他說得很清楚，我可以聽到每一個字。(4)close adj.緊密的；親密的；親近的closely adv.緊密地；仔細地；細心地如：Lily and I are close friends.我和莉莉是知己。The little baby was closely looked after by her.這個小嬰兒被她細心照料著。(5)hard adj.堅硬的；難的hardly adv.幾乎不如：Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.湯姆認為學好英語很難。He can hardly speak English，can he？他不太會說英語，對吧？(6)most adj.最多的；大多數(shù)的mostly adv.主要地；大部分；在大多數(shù)場合如：Most of us agreed his plan.我們大多數(shù)人都同意他的計劃。You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要聽和閱讀。(7)near adj.近的；親密的nearly adv.幾乎；差不多如：My home is near to school.我家離學校很近。You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你將幾乎半生投入到你的工作中。(8)quick adj.快的；急速的quickly adv.快地；急速地如：Be quick，or we will be late.快點，要不然我們就遲到了。You must resolve the situation quickly.你必須快速解決這種局面。(9)useful adj.有用的；有益的；有幫助的usefully adv.有用地；有效地如：There is something useful.I hope it can help you.這兒有一些有用的東西，我希望它可以幫助到你。The money can be used usefully to help him.這筆錢用來幫助他會非常有價值。(10)bad adj.壞的；不好的；嚴重的badly adv.不好地；很大程度上如：I think it is a very bad article.我認為那是一篇低劣的文章。The whole project was badly managed.整個項目管理不善。(11)careful adj.仔細的；小心的carefully adv.仔細地；小心地如：Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.莉莉如此小心以至于她的作文中沒有任何錯誤。He put glass down carefully.他小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯?！究键c搶測】( C )1.Its _ to find English difficult sometimes.Dont give up.AstrangeBunusualCnormal( C )2.If you are full of love，youll be _ at finding the beautiful things in your life.Aafraid Bangry Cgood( C )3.There are a lot of people talking and laughing in the room and its very _Aquiet Bsoft Cnoisy( B )4.In a green school everyone agrees to be _ about the environment.Anervous Bcareful Chonest( B )5.Its raining _ now.Youd better take an umbrella with you.Aheavy Bheavily Cstrong( C )6.Please be _Theres an important meeting in the next room.Aquickly Bquick Cquiet( A )7.I carried the bowl with both hands _，so I wouldnt break it.AcarefullyBhappilyCquickly( A )8.My old neighbour Charles felt _ after his children moved out.Alonely BsafelyCangrily( B )9.My friend Frank sings well，and he is _ good at playing guitar.Anot BalsoCyet( C )10.He said he would go _，but then he drove very fast.Aearly BquicklyCslowly( C )11.Helen was so excited at the news that she could _ say a word.Aever BalmostChardly( B )12.Hello，Mom，Ive arrived in Beijing _.Please dont worry about me.OK，dear.Acarefully BsafelyCslowly Dclearly( A )13.The CD player will go wrong if you dont use it _.Aproperly BloudlyCquietly Dsadly( C )14.Steve isnt as _ as Kelly.He often makes mistakes in his writing.Acarelessly BeasilyCcareful Ddifficult( A )15.She hasnt finished her homework._ she didnt write a word at all.AActually BTrueCSuddenly DFriendly