高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 核心考點(diǎn)總動(dòng)員 專(zhuān)題47 短文改錯(cuò)（三）（含解析）

專(zhuān)題 47 短文改錯(cuò)（三）關(guān)鍵詞：語(yǔ)法,詞法,句法,邏輯,語(yǔ)境難度系數(shù)：推薦指數(shù)：【基礎(chǔ)回顧】考點(diǎn)歸納：高考短文改錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)層次一般而言可依次分為詞法的測(cè)試、句法的測(cè)試和語(yǔ)篇的測(cè)試三個(gè)層面。考點(diǎn)層次越高，就越能測(cè)試出考生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。低層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于語(yǔ)法方面的考查，而高層次的考點(diǎn)往往側(cè)重于考生對(duì)文章意義方面的理解?；A(chǔ)必讀：語(yǔ)篇改錯(cuò)語(yǔ)篇的測(cè)試包括：上下文的時(shí)態(tài)是否一致；上下文中的代詞指代是否一致；上下文中的邏輯關(guān)系是否一致?！?015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I】When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. 【2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I】We must found ways to protect your environment. 【解析】yourour句意：我們必須找到方法來(lái)保護(hù)我們的地球。代詞用法錯(cuò)誤。這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境?！炯寄芊椒ā拷忸}方法技巧首先，通讀全文，了解文章體裁、主旨大意，把握全篇的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和行文邏輯。不同體裁的語(yǔ)篇具有不同的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)和交際功能，主要體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格和組句成篇的模式上。從語(yǔ)篇的模式上可以讀懂作者的思維模式，從而獲得對(duì)短文更好的理解和宏觀的把握。在通讀全文的過(guò)程中，先將容易的或明顯的錯(cuò)誤改好，從而為分行、分句的分析起到降低難度的作用。其次，逐句審讀、理解、分析，先易后難。有時(shí)孤立地讀一個(gè)句子時(shí)很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它的錯(cuò)誤，一旦將上下文聯(lián)系起來(lái)，問(wèn)題就會(huì)變得明了。從組成句子結(jié)構(gòu)的各方面逐句審查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞、主謂一致等方面是否有誤。句子結(jié)構(gòu)解題思路名詞、代詞檢查是否有數(shù)、格或指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤并列主語(yǔ)，從句、不定代詞、集合名詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、時(shí)間、金錢(qián)等作主語(yǔ)及together with等引導(dǎo)的成分修飾主語(yǔ)檢查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否與主語(yǔ)保持一致固定短語(yǔ)、詞組檢查副詞、介詞、冠詞是否使用錯(cuò)誤平行結(jié)構(gòu)檢查是否有詞性和連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等的詞和對(duì)等的結(jié)構(gòu)并列連詞錯(cuò)誤有比較結(jié)構(gòu)檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的級(jí)，程度副詞，比較的對(duì)象以及冠詞方面的錯(cuò)誤有轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、對(duì)比等結(jié)構(gòu)檢查是否有行文邏輯方面的錯(cuò)誤多重結(jié)構(gòu)句檢查是否有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞或成分短缺錯(cuò)誤有特殊動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)檢查是否有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或虛擬語(yǔ)氣方面的錯(cuò)誤非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)檢查是否非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)不一致最后，關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)就是要再次細(xì)讀全文，按句法要求、詞類(lèi)規(guī)則，檢查所改的答案能否使全文語(yǔ)氣流暢，行文邏輯發(fā)展是否合乎情理，所做的標(biāo)記是否符合命題要求。【基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)】A little kid fell into a lake while she was playing with her little friends. They were too frightening to know what to do next. Unfortunately, a pretty lady and a man passed by and saw the drowning girl. The man immediate dived into the water and took the girl to the bank and at a same time, the lady called the ambulance on time. Before the ambulance came, the lady, who proved to be a nurse, performing first aid to the kid. A few of minutes later, the kid sent to the nearest hospital and finally saved. The story is a good example where first aid can make a lot of differences. From it, we know it is necessary to know basic first aid skills so that we can be better preparing for an emergency.【解析】試題分析：一個(gè)小孩不慎落水，幸好路人幫忙小孩獲救。故事告訴我們掌握必要急救知識(shí)的重要性。1.frightening frightened.考查形容詞。frightening 令人恐懼的，修飾物；frightened害怕的，受驚的，修飾人。此處修飾孩子們用frightened，故frightening frightened.2.Unfortunately Fortunately.考查副詞。一名小孩不慎落水，其他孩子不知怎么辦。恰好兩個(gè)成年人經(jīng)過(guò)，應(yīng)該是“幸運(yùn)地”，故Unfortunately Fortunately.3.immediate immediately.考查副詞。此處修飾動(dòng)詞dived用副詞，指馬上下水救人，故immediate immediately.4.a the.考查冠詞。at the same time“同時(shí)”是固定短語(yǔ)，故a the.5. on in.考查介詞短語(yǔ)。on time按時(shí)，in time及時(shí)。此處指及時(shí)叫救護(hù)車(chē)，故on in.6.performing performed.考查動(dòng)詞形式。句中主語(yǔ)是the lady，缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，performing不能做謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)全文時(shí)態(tài)用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式performed做謂語(yǔ)，故performing performed.7.去掉of.考查介詞。此處表示“幾分鐘”用a few 直接修飾minutes，故去掉of. 【能力提升】Life is always full of something that you can not expect. Bob is very sorry to have missed the first two lesson this morning. He got up early as usually in the morning, but when he was ready to leave he find his bicycles front tyre (輪胎) flat. He wanted to take taxi to school, and he didnt have any money on him. He had to look for a place along the street to get his bicycle repairing. Unluckily, there were not any bicycle repair shops was open in the early morning. So he had to walk to school, carrying his bicycle all the way. That was the reason how he was late for school. He told Mr. White not to worry with his lessons, for he would make up for it and turn to his teachers for help if necessary.【解析】試題分析：生活充滿了不可預(yù)測(cè)的事情。1.missed the first two lesson 中l(wèi)esson改為lessons 根據(jù)two可知用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故把missed the first two lesson 中l(wèi)esson改為lessons。2.he got up as usually 中usually改為usual 固定詞組：as usual像平常一樣，故把he got up as usually 中usually改為usual。3.find改為found4.take taxi 之間加a 固定搭配：take a taxi乘出租車(chē)，故在take taxi 之間加a。5.and he didnt have any money中 and改為but 句意：他想乘出租車(chē)去上學(xué)，但是他沒(méi)有很多錢(qián)。故把a(bǔ)nd he didnt have any money中 and改為but?！窘K極闖關(guān)】【2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I】短文改錯(cuò)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.【答案】1. that where 2. but去掉 3. had have 4. honest honesty 5. or and 6. using used 7. becoming前加of 8. the a 9. our his 10. steadsteadily 【解析】試題分析：1. that where 考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意判斷此處表示地點(diǎn)。故把that改為where。 2. 去掉but 考查連詞。Though不和but連用，故去掉but。 【歸納總結(jié)】在英語(yǔ)中though、although、while或者as等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句不和but連用；連詞because不和so連用；此外，return不和back連用。3. had have 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。 文章是介紹現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4. honest honesty 考查名詞。此處是指誠(chéng)實(shí)是他成功的秘訣，用名詞形式。 而形容詞honest意思是“誠(chéng)實(shí)的”，是指人的性格特點(diǎn)。 5. or and 考查連詞。根據(jù)句意判斷此處是表示并列關(guān)系，故把or改為and。6. using used 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示被動(dòng)含義，be used for“被用來(lái)去做”?？键c(diǎn)：考查短文改錯(cuò)