2023屆高考英語二輪專題 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 于Ⅱ卷題型中的技法點(diǎn)撥與典例鏈接講義 （含答案）

2023屆高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí) 時(shí)態(tài)&語態(tài)于卷題型中的技法點(diǎn)撥與典例鏈接 時(shí)態(tài)&語態(tài)考綱解讀：1. 了解并正確運(yùn)用常考的10種時(shí)態(tài)，尤其熟練運(yùn)用一現(xiàn)、一過、現(xiàn)完、過完、一將等高頻時(shí)態(tài)；2. 掌握幾種易混時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別，如現(xiàn)完和一過等；3. 熟知各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式和用法及主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的用法。命題趨勢：1. 以時(shí)態(tài)的考查為主，語態(tài)的考查為輔；2. 在語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)中側(cè)重考查一般時(shí)；3. v.的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考中出現(xiàn)頻率最高額語法項(xiàng)目?？碱}創(chuàng)設(shè)的語境比較明確，常是根據(jù)所設(shè)置的語境中上下文的信息判斷時(shí)態(tài)及主謂語之間的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；4. 主謂一致一般會(huì)與v.的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)放在一起考查。*在語法填空中的技法點(diǎn)撥：1. 慧眼識別標(biāo)志詞；2. 細(xì)心辨析語境，瞻前顧后找并列；3. 牢記固定句式，主從時(shí)態(tài)要呼應(yīng)；4. 把握邏輯關(guān)系，分析主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷一）Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted, 71, 42. (award) the prize several months ago for pioneering creative methods of raising fish that are rich in nutrients and convincing more people in developing countries to add fish to their diets.【答案】42. was awarded【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語several months ago可知，空處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；主語與award是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填was awarded。The changes she helped bring about 50. (make) a significant difference in the diets and incomes of some of the worlds most vulnerable(易受傷的) people up to now.【答案】50. have made【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語up to now可知，空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語是changes，故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷二）As an influential event of performing arts in Latin America, the International Cervantino Festival 48. (take) place annually since 1972. Due to some reason, all of the offline events 49. (abandon) in 2020. 【答案】48. has taken【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語since 1972可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填has taken?！敬鸢浮?9. were abandoned【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處陳述發(fā)生在2020年的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；abandon與events之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填were abandoned。 (石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷三）In the past 30 years, a lot of things 43. (change), not only fashion, culture, sport and music, but also what we know about the links between diet and the risks of developing cancer. . The data show that we 47. (buy) less tea and less red meat now than we did in 1992. 【答案】43. have changed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“In the past 30 years”可知此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。【答案】47. are buying【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的now和下文的“is being consumed”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷四） For example, as you look for jobs, you may find that specific soft skills 45. (list) in the “required” or “desired” sections of the job posts. For example, when answering a question like “Tell me about a time you 48. (overcome) difficulties”, you might talk about your problem-solving skills. 【答案】45. are listed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處陳述客觀情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；soft skills與list之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填are listed?！敬鸢浮?8. overcame【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，面試時(shí)會(huì)問參加面試者以前的經(jīng)歷，因此此處應(yīng)是讓參加面試者講述之前克服困難的經(jīng)歷。描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填overcame。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷五）About 8% of those bird species 45. (list) as either threatened or endangered not long ago.【答案】45. were listed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“not long ago”可知用一般過去時(shí)；主語是“About 8% of those bird species”，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；list與主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷六）The remarkable development of this city which 49. (design) to protect the past while looking forward to the future means it always has something new to offer. 【答案】49. is designed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處描述客觀情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語和design之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填is designed。 (石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷八）When Shui 45. (take) over the national team, no one expected her to be a difference maker in such a short time.Although the players 48. (accomplish) much under the guidance of Shui till now, Shui hopes the players and fans can calm down. 【答案】45. took【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)主句所用的一般過去時(shí)可知，從句也用一般過去時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?8. have accomplished【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語till now可知此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且the players 與accomplish是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填have accomplished。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷九）Bamboo drifting 42. (date) back over 2,000 years and originated in the Chishui River area of Guizhou. . Later, local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting 45. (create). 【答案】42. dates【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。獨(dú)竹漂發(fā)源于貴州赤水河流域，已有兩千多年歷史。date back (to)“追溯到”，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，故填dates。【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】思維定式本題易誤填dated。部分考生看到下文中的“originated”就以為此處也應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，但是忽略了 date back (to)表示“追溯到”時(shí)需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?5. was created【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。后來，當(dāng)?shù)厝碎_始以此進(jìn)行比賽，“獨(dú)木漂”比賽也就此誕生。此處陳述發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；create與game之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填was created。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷十）Then in a few days, the entire road 50. (flood) with the continuously rising water. A few months later, the road will reappear.【答案】50. will be flooded【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in a few days可知此處用一般將來時(shí)，flood“淹沒”與the entire road之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。*在短文改錯(cuò)中的技法點(diǎn)撥：1. 檢查文中每一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文語境及該句的時(shí)間狀語是否一致；2. 查語態(tài)是否正確：1)檢查vt.之后是否有賓語，如無賓語應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；2)vi.(短語)不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)；3)檢查被動(dòng)語態(tài)中是否缺少be動(dòng)詞。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷一）Last term, nothing goes well in my study. 【答案】goes went【解析】根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Last term可知用一般過去時(shí)。故將goes改為went。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷二）Knowing that you took part in the Mandarin Speech Contest and getting the first prize, Im writing to congratulate to you! 【答案】getting got【解析】此處與took并列，應(yīng)用got。 (石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷三）An English contest on a theme of “Im Proud of My Motherland” would be held in our school. 【答案】A The【解析】此處特指“我為祖國驕傲”這一主題，故用定冠詞the?！敬鸢浮縲ould will【解析】根據(jù)下文可知，英語演講比賽尚未舉行，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷五） The Chinese athletes have trained hardly all the year round and manage to overcome difficulty after difficulty. 【答案】manage managed【解析】此處and連接兩個(gè)并列的分詞trained和managed。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷六）I together with some other schoolmate went to a farm last Sunday. We had a meaningful but unforgettable day. That morning we meet at the school gate and set off for the farm.【答案】meet met【解析】last Sunday表明此處為過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷九）As we all know, books were a treasure house of human thought, from what we can know every corner of the world. 【答案】were are【解析】此處陳述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。【答案】what which【解析】此處考查“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行詞是表示物的books，故應(yīng)用which。(石室中學(xué)2023屆暑期安魂提分卷十）One hot day, while I walked out of my house he was sweeping the street as usually. I put a bottle of water in his hand after I say hello. He looked at me with surprised eye. 【答案】say said【解析】這里講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)&語態(tài) 2018-2022高考真題演練 2022年高考真題1.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _ (be)previously unprotected, 答案：were解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：該計(jì)劃將把保護(hù)范圍擴(kuò)大到大量以前未受保護(hù)的地區(qū)，將許多現(xiàn)有的大熊貓保護(hù)區(qū)納入一個(gè)管理機(jī)構(gòu)，以提高效率，減少管理上的不一致性。設(shè)空處在that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句中作謂語，先行詞為a significant number of areas，先行詞在從句中作主語，根據(jù)“previously (之前地)”可知從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)，根據(jù)主謂一致，從句主語復(fù)數(shù)，從句謂語復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were。2.（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP _ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(資產(chǎn))for future generations”. 答案：is designed解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：GPNP旨在體現(xiàn)“保護(hù)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的真實(shí)性和完整性，保護(hù)生物多樣性，保護(hù)生態(tài)緩沖區(qū)，為子孫后代留下寶貴的自然資產(chǎn)”的指導(dǎo)原則。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語The GPNP之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系；敘述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語單數(shù)，謂語單數(shù)形式。故填is designed。3（2022全國甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents答案：has walked解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在過去五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34個(gè)國家，2016年，他到達(dá)了乞力馬扎羅山頂，這是非洲最高的山峰。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in the last five years可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語Cao為第三人稱單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用has。故填has walked。4.（2022全國乙卷）The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society _ (address) the opening ceremony. 答案：addressed解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：中國文化促進(jìn)會(huì)會(huì)長在開幕式上致辭。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時(shí)。故填addressed。5（2022年浙江卷1月）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 答案：is viewed或has been viewed解析：考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：對科學(xué)家而言，旅行去參加會(huì)議、講座、工作室之類的地方來相聚并交流信息這件事被視為是重要的。描述人們普遍認(rèn)知的事情用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處也可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)人們從過去到現(xiàn)在的認(rèn)知，動(dòng)名詞作主語與主謂之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。6（2022年浙江卷1月）But Cobb and others _ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and _（change） their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. 答案：are；changing解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：但是現(xiàn)在Cobb和其他人正在質(zhì)疑那個(gè)想法，推動(dòng)會(huì)議提供更多遠(yuǎn)程參加的機(jī)會(huì)以及為了盡自己的能力來應(yīng)對氣候變化危機(jī)，他們正在改變他們的個(gè)人行為。第一空：根據(jù)句意可知，此處也應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)，故填are。第二空：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處and連接并列的動(dòng)詞questioning和change，故填changing。7（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics many of them climate scientists _ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.答案：have promised解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：例如，在一個(gè)叫“無飛行科學(xué)家”的網(wǎng)站上，自從兩年前成立以來，大約有200個(gè)學(xué)者，他們中很多人承諾盡可能少飛行。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“since+過去時(shí)間”可知主句應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故填have promised。8.（2022年新高考2卷）Henry _42_ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _43_ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 答案：42. was fixing 43. threw 解析：【42題詳解】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：聽到尖叫聲時(shí)，亨利正在修車。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空后的when he heard the screams，可知，設(shè)空處的動(dòng)作是正在發(fā)生的，同時(shí)該句描述的是過去的事實(shí)。故使用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。fix為動(dòng)詞，意為“修理”，其過去進(jìn)行時(shí)為was fixing。故填was fixing?！?3題詳解】考查謂語動(dòng)詞過去式。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一邊，伸出胳膊跑了起來。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處與空后的and started構(gòu)成并且結(jié)構(gòu)。故應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。throw為動(dòng)詞，意為“扔”，過去時(shí)為threw。故填threw。2021年高考真題1.（2021.6新高考1卷 語法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it      6      (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. 【答案】was 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)該填謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)空后的提示詞then可知，表示當(dāng)時(shí)的情況，故此處謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)；從句主語為it，是第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填was。2.（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空） After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and      10      (sell) most of their furniture.【答案】sold【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：1861年，林肯被選舉為國家總統(tǒng)后，他們租了房子并且賣掉了大部分的家具。rent和sold為并列謂語，用and連接，所以都用一般過去時(shí)。3.（2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空）It      1      (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored（修復(fù)）. 【答案】was built ;【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)/語態(tài)以及主謂一致。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格填寫謂語動(dòng)詞， 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall，和build是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立，故用過去式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句句意：它最初是在唐代為保護(hù)這座城市而建的，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全修復(fù)。故填was built。4.（2021.6全國甲卷 語法填空）We      6      (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. 【答案】hired【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格應(yīng)該填寫謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后文My bike was old可知， 應(yīng)該為過去的時(shí)態(tài)，主語為we, 為主動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填hired。5.（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois,      1      (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie. 【答案】has proved 或 has proven 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)合句中since一詞，可以判斷句子的謂語應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：自從它開放后，林肯的家已經(jīng)證明是讓游客們不可抵擋地想去參觀的。6.（2021.6 浙江卷 語法填空）Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home      5      (paint) white. 【答案】was painted【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷，所以用被動(dòng)。動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，所以用一般過去時(shí)。7.（2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空） It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25      4      (consider) healthy.【答案】is considered【解析】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：介于19-25的BMI數(shù)值被認(rèn)為是健康的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)a BMI of between 19 and 25   (consider) healthy.可知 Consider做謂語，主語是單數(shù)，根據(jù)句意謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為被動(dòng)且時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故答案為 is considered。8.（2021.1 浙江卷 語法填空） In cities, however, the gain      6      (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.【答案】was【解析】考查系動(dòng)詞。句意：然而在城市里，女人增長數(shù)值是1.3，男人增長為1.6。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知主the gain是單數(shù)且該句陳述過去研究數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故答案為was。9.（2021.6全國甲卷 改錯(cuò)）One of the questions are: Who will you go in times of trouble? 【答案】are改為is；【解析】考查主謂一致。主語為one of the questions，表示問題中的一個(gè)，是單數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)，故are改為is。10.（2021.6全國乙卷 改錯(cuò)）That's our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!把hopes改為hope考查省略句。分析題目可知，此處表示(I) hope this can inspire，故hope應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形形式。故把hopes改為hope。11.（2021.6全國乙卷 改錯(cuò)）I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. 【答案】把tidying改為tidy【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句中的and可知，water和tidy應(yīng)為并列動(dòng)作，所以動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)該保持一致。故把tidying改為tidy。12.（2021.3 天津卷 單選）We            quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.A. have done B. will do C. had done D. were doing【答案】A【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：今天上午我們做的工作夠多的了，現(xiàn)在讓我們休息一下吧。根據(jù)后半句"now let's take a break."可知，做很多工作這件事情是從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始一直到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選A。13.（2021.3 天津卷 單選）Currently, about 35, 000 works            in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.A. were displaying B. are displaying C. were being displayed D. are being displayed【答案】D【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：目前，大約有35000件作品陳列在盧浮宮的300多個(gè)展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一輩子的時(shí)間。根據(jù)本空前的Currently可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。又因?yàn)閐isplay與主語works之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。故選：D。2020年高考真題1.（2020·新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空）The unmanned Change-4 probe (探測器)the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】touched【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：無人月球探測器嫦娥四號名字的靈感來源于古代的中國月亮女神上周在南極艾特肯盆地著陸。此處是句子的謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語last week可知應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，故填touched。2.（2020·新課標(biāo)I卷語法填空）This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct) .67.【答案】means【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：“這真的使科學(xué)家們激動(dòng)，”布朗大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家Carle Pieters說：“因?yàn)樗馕吨覀冇袡C(jī)會(huì)獲得月球是如何構(gòu)造的信息。”根據(jù)上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此處也使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是it，所以空處謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式means，故填means。68【答案】is constructed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此處是賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞，謂語construct與主語the moon之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，再由上下文可知此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語the moon是單數(shù)，故填is constructed。3（2020·新課標(biāo)II卷短文改錯(cuò)）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.【答案】startstarted【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：事實(shí)上，我七歲時(shí)就開始學(xué)功夫了。分析句子，此處動(dòng)詞start講述的是7歲的時(shí)候，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)。故將start改為started。4（2020·新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空）The artist was sure he would63(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old nan laughed.【答案】be chosen【解析】考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意：畫家確信他會(huì)被選中，但是當(dāng)他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時(shí)，這位老人笑了。本句中主語he與謂語動(dòng)詞choose構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且would后跟動(dòng)詞原形。故填be chosen。5（2020·新課標(biāo)III卷語法填空） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river.【答案】pointed【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)他問河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到這位傳奇藝術(shù)家時(shí)，他們笑著指著河的下游。根據(jù)上文they smiled and可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填pointed。6.（2020·浙江卷語法填空）And，as more children were born，more food 59(need).【答案】was needed【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：隨著越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，邏輯主語和need之間表示被動(dòng)邏輯。同時(shí)此處描述的是過去的時(shí)間，所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。故此處應(yīng)用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。food為不可數(shù)名詞。故填was needed。7.（2020·浙江卷語法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.【答案】had discovered【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：大約在公元前6000年，人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養(yǎng)的牲畜。分析句子，簡單句中除了提示詞外無其余動(dòng)詞，故此處需用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。邏輯主語和提示詞之間表示主動(dòng)邏輯。by + 過去時(shí)間 譯為“到為止”，后面的句子用過去完成時(shí)。故填had discovered.8.（2020·浙江卷語法填空）New methods 65 (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.【答案】meant【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：新方法意味著更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句子，主句部分無其他動(dòng)詞，故此處需填時(shí)態(tài)。文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則此處也應(yīng)為過去時(shí)。邏輯主語和動(dòng)詞之間表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。所以此處填過去時(shí)的主動(dòng)形式。故填meant。9.（2020·山東卷語法填空）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759.【答案】formed【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:例如，漢斯斯隆爵士的8萬件藏品構(gòu)成了1759年開館的大英博物館的核心藏品。此處是謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in1759可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故填formed。10.（2020·山東卷語法填空）The parts of a museum open to the public 40 (call) galleries or rooms.【答案】are called【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意:博物館對公眾開放的部分被稱為畫廊或展廳。此處描述的是客觀使用，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語與call是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)概念。故填are called。11（2020·天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）You are a great swimmer.Thanks. Its because I _ a lot these days.Ahave been practisingBwas practisingCwould practiseDhad practised【答案】A【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：你游泳很棒。謝謝。這是因?yàn)檫@些天我一直在練習(xí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語these days(這些天)可知，“練習(xí)游泳”從數(shù)天前開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，因此該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。故選A。12（2020·天津卷單項(xiàng)填空）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and _ around that level since.Aare remainingBhave remained Cis remainingDhas remained【答案】D【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:20世紀(jì)90年代初，醫(yī)學(xué)院的數(shù)量達(dá)到了18所，此后一直保持在這個(gè)水平。ever since“從那以后”作時(shí)間狀語，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。主語為the number of medical schools，the number of表示“的數(shù)目”，中心詞是number，所以是單數(shù)，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。綜上，故選D。13.（2020·江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably a solution that _ everyone.A. suitB. suitedC. suitsD. has suited【答案】C【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：如果你從各個(gè)方面看問題，你可能會(huì)找到一個(gè)適合每個(gè)人的解決方案。句子描述的客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；此處是定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞，先行詞是a solution，從句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選C。14.（2020·江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空）Instead of getting down to a new task as I _, he examined the previous work again.A. had expectedB. have expectedC. would expectD. expect【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:他沒有像我所期望的那樣著手做新工作，而是又檢查了一遍以前的工作。此處描述的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在examined之前，屬于“過去的過去”，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。2019年高考真題1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】 22.The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】B【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與主謂一致。句意：在過去的三個(gè)月里，這名音樂家與他的樂隊(duì)成員已經(jīng)完成了十場演出。由“in the last three months”可知，這句話的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故排除AD選項(xiàng)。本句主語為the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。2.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell【答案】D【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他到中國幾個(gè)月后，就喜歡上了那里的人和文化。發(fā)生在had arrived之后的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故選D。3.【2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed【答案】B【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：他們正努力確保在2022年北京冬奧會(huì)之前安裝5G終端。表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，用將來完成時(shí)?！?G終端”和“安裝”之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故選B。4.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】2.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope【答案】A【解析】考查過去完成時(shí)。句意：我本來計(jì)劃在Peter結(jié)婚時(shí)送他一個(gè)禮物的，可是我沒有做到。第二個(gè)分句中“couldnt”用的是一般過去時(shí)，它之前的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)。故選A。5.【2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is given B. are given C. was given D. were given【答案】C【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語和主謂一致態(tài)。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當(dāng)上周回到村里時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)last week可知應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，排除選項(xiàng)A和B。as well as連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞就前原則。這句話真正的主語是Amy，她受到熱烈歡迎，所以用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)。故選C。6.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】時(shí)態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。7.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _to retire_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】declared【解析】考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，此處為謂語成分，根據(jù)后文had 以及said 可知用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，故填declared。8.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _66_(make) over the years【答案】have made【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)該定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語“over the years”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來看看我的家人和我這些年來交到的朋友們。故填have made。9.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò)】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。本篇文章使用的全是一般過去時(shí)，且與最后一句并列的“one was that”用的也是一般過去時(shí)，所以最后一句話時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般過去時(shí)。講述當(dāng)時(shí)做決定時(shí)的原因。故將is改為was。10.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and_65_(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.【答案】recommended。【解析】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經(jīng)歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前后兩個(gè)動(dòng)作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關(guān)系，時(shí)態(tài)一致。故填recommended。11.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _69_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars【答案】were invited?！窘馕觥靠疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)句意：我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會(huì)，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語為we，故填were invited。2018年高考真題1.【2018·北京】1. Hi, Im Peter. Are you new here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started【答案】C【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：嗨，我是彼得。你是新來的嗎？我沒有在附近見過你。你好，彼得。我是鮑勃。我周一剛剛開始住在這兒。根據(jù)兩人談話內(nèi)容可知，Bob現(xiàn)在在這兒，他開始(start)住在這兒是發(fā)生在周一的事情，周一是一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間，故該句應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，C選項(xiàng)正確。2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer