中考英語(yǔ) 第三輪 中考題型聚焦 第37講 單項(xiàng)選擇課件1

第37講單項(xiàng)選擇,近3年遼寧各地市單項(xiàng)選擇題考查比較全面，各考點(diǎn)均有涉及，且著重考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力，淡化對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的機(jī)械性記憶。該題型主要從語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)境角度進(jìn)行命題，知識(shí)點(diǎn)全面，考查的方向集中在不同詞性辨析、詞義辨析、固定句型以及慣用語(yǔ)搭配上。在試題設(shè)置上更注重語(yǔ)法在語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用，語(yǔ)言測(cè)試要點(diǎn)的覆蓋面更加廣泛。這也順應(yīng)了語(yǔ)言教育的一個(gè)大趨勢(shì)，即語(yǔ)言教育向?qū)嵱?、?yīng)用型轉(zhuǎn)變。 在2016年遼寧13個(gè)地市的英語(yǔ)中考試題中，考點(diǎn)頻次由高到低分布如下：名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞、交際用語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、復(fù)合句；動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；副詞、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)；動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、連詞；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；感嘆句；疑問(wèn)詞、冠詞；數(shù)詞。祈使句和主謂一致各地市幾乎都沒(méi)有考查。,中考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇題的考點(diǎn)主要分布在：名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、冠詞、連詞、介詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)；詞義辨析；語(yǔ)序，各種不同的從句及交際用語(yǔ)上。在做單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí)，掌握一些解題方法是很有必要的。常用的解題方法如下： 1直接選擇法根據(jù)已掌握的知識(shí)、固定搭配、常用句型等直接確定答案，此方法多適合用于介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和固定句型類(lèi)題目。,【例1】Jim sits behind me，so I sit _ him. Aat the top of Bat the end of Cin the middle of Din front of 【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：吉姆坐在我后面，因此我坐在他的_。at the top of在頂部；at the end of 在盡頭；in the middle of在中間；in front of在前面。behind的反義詞組是in front of，根據(jù)句意可知后半句表示“我坐在他的前面”。 答案：_D_,【例2】Jason，would you please _ this notice? With pleasure. Aput on Bput off Cput up Dput out 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意“杰森，你能_這個(gè)通知嗎？”“我很樂(lè)意去做?！?put on穿上；put off推遲；put up 張貼；put out熄滅。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知應(yīng)是張貼通知。 答案：_C_,1How many American students came to visit your school yesterday? Nine.Five are from New York，and the other _ are from Boston. Atwo Bthree Cfour Dfive 2Jacks hobby is to play _ chess. Aa Ban Cthe D/ 3Maori people in New Zealand touch _ when they meet. Atrees Bnoses Ccaps Ddesks 4We usually have the first class _ 8：00 in the morning. Aof Bin Con Dat 5_ these past three years，I remember many things. ALooking up to BLooking out CLooking back at DLooking after,C,D,B,D,C,2關(guān)鍵信息法根據(jù)語(yǔ)境中的關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等信息判斷答案，此方法多適用于語(yǔ)法類(lèi)試題，如情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句等。 【例3】Mum，where is Dad? He _ flowers in the garden now. Aplanted Bplants Cwill plant Dis planting 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意“媽媽?zhuān)职衷谀睦?？”“他現(xiàn)在正在花園里種花?！苯Y(jié)合句意及標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now，可知用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 答案：_D_,【例4】These model cars _ in China in 2013. Aare made Bwere made Cmake Dmade 【解析】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這些汽車(chē)模型由中國(guó)在2013年制造。結(jié)合句意及主語(yǔ)“model cars”與動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，可知此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；且根據(jù)標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in 2013”為過(guò)去時(shí)間，可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 答案：_B_,6Nowadays all passengers _ go through safety check before they take a train. Acan Bmay Cmust Dwill 7_ kind and helpful to the people around us，and we will make the world a nicer place to live in. ABe BBeing CTo be DBeen 8Tourists bad behavior _ by the government in our country from now on. Awill record Bwill be recorded Crecords Dis recorded,C,A,B,9Amy，can we give away these soft toys? We _ them for many years. Mom，but I want to keep the bear. Abought Bhad Chave bought Dhave had 10Can you tell me _ to London? Sure.Next month. Awhen you will travel Bwhen will you travel Cwhen you travelled Dwhen did you travel,D,A,3邏輯推理法通過(guò)分析語(yǔ)境的前后句邏輯關(guān)系，從而做出正確選擇。此方法多適用于代詞、連詞類(lèi)題目。如考查連詞，明確前后句之間的關(guān)系很關(guān)鍵，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系選but，順承關(guān)系選and，因果關(guān)系選because/so等。 【例5】My brother likes painting.Its one of _ hobbies. Amy Bher Chis DYour 【解析】考查形容詞性物主代詞詞義辨析。句意：我的哥哥(弟弟)喜歡繪畫(huà)，繪畫(huà)是_ 愛(ài)好之一。根據(jù)題中的“My brother”可判斷應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his修飾。 答案：_C_,【例6】Get up early，_ youll be late for school. Aso Band Cor Dbut 【解析】考查并列連詞的用法。句意：早點(diǎn)起床，_ 你上學(xué)就會(huì)遲到。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“否則”。 答案：_C_,11Singing and dancing are her hobbies, and her _ hobby is to speak English everyday. Aanother Ball Ceither Dneither 12Going to the movies is good，_ I really only like listening to music. Aand Bbut Cso Dor 13The book must be Lilys.Look! _ name is on the cover. AHer BHis CIts DMy 14Mike，what were your parents doing at 8：00 last night? My mother was reading _ my father was playing computer games. Awhile Bwhen Cunless Das long as,A,B,A,A,15Who lives together with this old woman? _ .She lives alone.Li Jing and I come to see her every Saturday. ANobody BSomebody CAnybody DEverybody,A,4代入排除法在對(duì)比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)后難以確定答案的情況下，學(xué)生可以采取逐個(gè)排除法，把沒(méi)有被排除的選項(xiàng)定為正確答案。此方法多適用于語(yǔ)境類(lèi)詞義辨析試題，名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞。 【例7】Lets open the windows to have some _ air in here. Acheap Bnervous Ccareful Dfresh 【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：讓我們打開(kāi)窗戶呼吸一些 _ 空氣吧。cheap便宜的，廉價(jià)的；nervous緊張的，不安的；careful小心的，仔細(xì)的；fresh新鮮的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“打開(kāi)窗戶”可判斷是讓一些新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。 答案：_D_,【例8】Lao Shes Teahouse _ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years. Adescribes Bimproves Cprepares Dcorrects 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：老舍的茶館_了中國(guó)社會(huì)五十多年的變化。describes描述；improves提高；prepares準(zhǔn)備；corrects改正。根據(jù)句意可知“描述”最符合語(yǔ)境。 答案：_A_,16Mr.Wilson，can I ask you some questions about your speech? Certainly, feel _ to ask me. Agood Bcalm Cfree Dhappy 17Earthquakes always happen _ ，so it is difficult to know when they come. Ahopefully Bsuddenly Cusually Dluckily 18Soccer is a wonderful game for children.It _ great exercise，such as running and kicking. Aprovides Bremains Cpractises Dreceives,C,B,A,19Just be _ ，you cant make such great progress in a day.It takes time. Aavailable Bhumorous Cpatient Dunbelievable 20Why not go to Sunshine Supermarket? You can buy everything _ there. Amostly Bwidely Ccheaply Dheavily,C,A,5交際法此方法用于交際用語(yǔ)中，聯(lián)系上下文直接解題。 【例9】You look sad，Betty.Whats the matter with you? _ AIve got the first prize. BIm sorry to hear that. CI cant attend the summer camp. DI dont quite agree with you. 【解析】考查情景交際。句意為“貝蒂，你看起來(lái)很傷心，怎么了？”“_?！盇項(xiàng)：我得了第一；B項(xiàng)：聽(tīng)到那件事我很難過(guò)；C項(xiàng)：我不能參加夏令營(yíng)；D項(xiàng)：我非常不同意你的看法。上句提到“很傷心”因此答語(yǔ)應(yīng)是“不好的事”。 答案：_C_,【例10】Thank you for helping me with my physics. _I hope you can do better in it. AGood idea BSee you CIm not sure DYoure welcome 【解析】考查情景交際。句意為“謝謝你幫助我學(xué)習(xí)物理?！薄癬。我希望你能在這方面做得更好?！?Good idea好主意；See you再見(jiàn)；Im not sure我不確定；Youre welcome不客氣。根據(jù)上下句語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合交際用語(yǔ)可知，當(dāng)對(duì)方表示感謝時(shí)，應(yīng)說(shuō)不客氣。 答案：_D_,21This is your order, a sandwich and an apple pie._ Ill have it here. AFor here or to go? BSomething to drink? CAnything else? DIs that OK? 22Will you carry the box for me，please? Sure，_ . Ano good Bno problem Cno idea Dno way 23Lets go swimming. _ AIts a pleasure BYoure welcome CThanks a lot DIts a good idea,A,B,D,