《主謂一致》PPT課件

主謂一致 指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。三大原則 語(yǔ)法上一致 意義上一致 就近原則 語(yǔ)法上一致The number of errors _ (be)surprising.Jane and Mary _(look) alike.主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。islook 意義上一致The family _(be )watching TV at home .The news _(be )very exciting.1.主語(yǔ)的形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，形單意復(fù)的單詞如：people , police, cattle.2.主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義卻為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，形復(fù)意單的如：works ,news 和一些以ies結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱 physics , politiesareis 就近原則Either your students or Mr Wang _ (know)this .Not only the students but also their teacher _ (have ) seen the film. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)的形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)。如用連詞or , either or , neither nor , not only but also 等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，若一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的詞語(yǔ)一致。knows has 具體注意要點(diǎn)一.名詞做主語(yǔ)1. 某些集體名詞，如family ,team 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若當(dāng)一個(gè)整體看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)，若就其中一個(gè)一個(gè)成員來(lái)看，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)，class , club, audience ,committee , crowd , government , party, public , team 等。其中population 的用法也類似His family _(be) going to have a long journey. They whole family _(be) having lunch. The population of China _(be)very large ,and eighty percent of the population in China _(be) farmer. is are is are 2.某些集體名詞，people ,police ,cattle 等只當(dāng)是復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語(yǔ)須用復(fù)數(shù).The police _(be) searching for him. 3. 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的詞語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定其單復(fù)數(shù)的形式。A sheep _(be )over there .Some sheep _(be ) over there .4. 有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作為一個(gè)整體，（如度量，距離，金額，時(shí)間，書名等）其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Three weeks _(be ) not enough to finish the work .1000dollars _(be ) a large amount of money. areis areisis 5. 名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略（這種情況一般紙商，工場(chǎng)，住宅等），這時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。常見的有：the baker s, the barber s , the Zhang s等。 注意：表示店鋪的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。The doctors _(be ) on the side of the street .My uncles _(be ) not far from here .Richardson s _(have) a lot of imported goods to sell. isis have 6. 單數(shù)名詞被more than one , many a 修飾，概念上是復(fù)數(shù)，但中心詞是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)須用單數(shù)。注意“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)多用復(fù)數(shù)。More than one student _(have ) seen the film .Many a man _(have ) tried it before .More members than one _(be ) against your plan. hashas are 7.由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示工具或衣物的名詞做主語(yǔ)的時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)，glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)用a pair of , a series of , a set of +名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)都用單數(shù)。These clothes _ (be) my brothers.A pair of shoes _(be) on the desk.areis 8.this kind of +單數(shù)名詞 this kind of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 單數(shù)名詞+of this kind these kinds of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ of these kindsThis kind of man _ (be) dangerous.Men of these kind _(be) dangerous.謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)isare 9. 若名詞詞組中心詞是all, most , half , rest,等詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，若所指的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)就用復(fù)數(shù)，反之就用單數(shù)。All of my classmates _ (work) hard .All of the water _ (be) gone.10. 復(fù)數(shù)形式的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如，works, Chinese, Japanese, 做單數(shù)意義解的時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，反之用復(fù)數(shù)。This glass works _ (be) set up in 1982.These glass works _(be) near the railway station. workisis are 11.在主謂倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。Out _ (rush) a boy .Between the two windows _(hang) a picture.12.不定代詞each , every , no所修飾的名詞，即使以逗號(hào)或連接成多主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)仍用單數(shù)。Each boy and each girl _(want) to serve the people in the future.rushes hangswants 由連詞連接的名詞做主語(yǔ)1.用and或 bothand 連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。注意：若并列主語(yǔ)表示同一概念，指同一人或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。 Plastics and rubber never _ (rot) .To love and to be loved _ (be) the great happiness.The girls teacher and friend _(be) a young doctors.Bread and butter a knife and forkSalt and water a needle and threadIron and steel rotsis is 2.主語(yǔ)后接as well as , as much as , no less than , along with, with, like , rather than , together with, but , except, besides, including , in addition to , 等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)定。The teacher as well as the students _(be) excided.Nobody but some students _(be) here.The teacher besides the students also _(go) to see the film. isis goes 3.以or , either or , neither nor , not only but also 等連接的名詞或代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)按照就近原則。Either you or he _(be) to go .Not only he but also I _(be) wrong .is am 代詞做主語(yǔ)1.名詞性物主代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的形式取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。Ours _(be) a great Party .Your shoes are black , mine _(be) brown .2. Such , the same 起指示代詞作用時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單復(fù)數(shù)。Such _(be ) our plan. Such _(be) his words .is areisare 3.不定代詞any , some, more , either, neither , none , all, 等做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有以下的兩種情況:1)單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，視其意思而定。2)“不定代詞+of +不可數(shù)名詞”， 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，“不定代詞+of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可，neither , either 單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)。Now all _(have) been changed.All _(be) presents.None of the meat _(be) fresh.None of them _ (have) seen the film.Neither _(be) satisfactory.hasare ishave/hasis 分?jǐn)?shù)，量數(shù)做主語(yǔ)1.“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”，“a lot of (lots of , plenty of , a large quantity of , half of )+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若其中的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，若是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Lots of damage_(be) caused by fire.Three fifths of the workers here_(be) women.A number of students _(have) read the novel.The number of pages in this book _(be) two hundred. is arehave is 2. “l(fā)arge quantities of +可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Quantities of food(nuts) _(be) on the table.3. “a great deal of (a large amount of )+不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)，“l(fā)arge amounts of +不可數(shù)名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。A great deal of damage _(be) done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _(be) spent on the bridge. areisare 3.“one and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。One and a half bananas _(be) left on the table.4. Half of (part of )+ 名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若名詞為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，若名詞為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。Half of the task _(be) easier.Half of the people _(be) still alive.isis are 名詞化的形容詞做主語(yǔ)“the +形容詞（或過(guò)去分詞）做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類結(jié)構(gòu)常有：the blind , the old , the rich , the young , the wounded, the sick等。但有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別，這時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。The old _(be) taken care of here.The departed_(be) a well-known engineer.are is 從句做主語(yǔ)一般有特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，但由what 引導(dǎo)時(shí)，當(dāng)它代表的具體內(nèi)容是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)就用單數(shù)，反之，就用復(fù)數(shù)。What we need _(be) more time.What we need _(be) more teachers.This is one of the most interesting questions that _(have) been asked.She was the only one of the girls who _(be) late for the meeting.isarehave has