（江蘇專用）2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時檢測（三十）任務(wù)型閱讀（五）

專題限時檢測(三十)任務(wù)型閱讀(五)(限時24分鐘)A(2019揚(yáng)、泰、南、淮、徐、宿、連三模)How many cabs in New York City? How many tears in a bottle of wine? These arent just the lyrics (歌詞) to a song by the Australian musician Paul Kelly.They are the kind of questions you are likely to be asked during a job interview.In recent years, it has become common for bosses to ask interview questions that are impossible to answer.There is no right answer to these “brainteasers”Instead, they are supposed to help an interviewer calculate an applicants ability to reason.What matters is how you come to the conclusion, not what conclusion you arrive at.Brainteasers started out in management consultancy firms.Young graduates hoping to join the company would be asked: “How many phone booths are there in Manhattan？” They werent expected to blurt out (脫口說出) a random number instead, they were expected to show they could solve even the most stupid problem.As consultants swarmed across other organizations, they bought their inscrutable (難以理解的) questions with them.Now, people applying for a job in a call centre can expect to be asked how a nuclear power plant works.While many bosses have great confidence in how good or effective brainteasers are, a research paper published in the journal Applied Psychology found they are useless for spotting the best candidate for the job.What they are great for is to make employers feel like intellectual giants.The studys findings are not surprising.Studies have repeatedly found that most methods of selecting job candidates are hopelessly flawed (有缺點的)Job interviews are among the worst way of picking the right person for the job.The results of this research raise the question: if interviews are bad at picking the right person for the job, what are they there for? One feeling I have is that many job selection processes are thinly disguised (偽裝的) forms of suffering, designed to make applicants feel worthless and boost the confidence of the person asking the question.Think about the extensive list of personal skills required for even the most lowly entrylevel job.Or those painful assessment centres where you are supposed to play nice with people you are competing against to get the job.And then there are the firms that ask applicants to make a presentation to convey how awesome the firms are.All these exercises seem designed not to get the best person for the role, but to assure the boss how great they are, and remind you just how lucky you would be to get this boring job.PassageoutlineSupporting detailsIntroduction tobrainteasersThey are widely used in job interviews and the answers are (1)_ to interpretation.They focus more on an applicants (2)_skills rather than the outcomes.(3)_ and popularity of brainteasersThey started out in management consultancy firms and spread to other organizations.Nowadays, a job applicant is often asked questions (4)_ to the job he applies for.Researchfindings(5)_ to popular belief of the bosses, brainteasers are actually useless for selecting candidates.They are just meant to show off the (6)_ of the employers.IndepthAnalysisMany job selection processes make job applicants have a poor (7)_ of themselves and the employers more confident.Some job applicants are asked to show skills, some of which are (8)_ the requirements of a certain occupation.In some assessment centres, job applicants are required to play nice with their (9)_Some job applicants are supposed to make a presentation to (10)_ the firms.語篇解讀：本文主要講述了一些公司在招聘新的員工的時候，所問的一些與應(yīng)聘的崗位沒有太大的關(guān)系的、讓求職者感到鬧心的問題。1open/subjective/left根據(jù)第二段第二句“There is no right answer to these brainteasers”可知，這些腦筋急轉(zhuǎn)彎的問題沒有正確的答案，所以說答案是開放的，或者主觀的。2reasoning根據(jù)第二段第三、四句“Instead, they are supposed to help an interviewer calculate an applicants ability to reason.”可知，這些問題考查受試者的推理能力。3Origin/Beginning/Start文章第三、四段講了brainteasers的起源和廣泛應(yīng)用。4irrelevant/unrelated/unconnected根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Now, people applying for a job in a call centre can expect to be asked how a nuclear power plant works.”可知，一個申請呼叫中心工作的人可能會被問道核能源工廠如何工作。也就是被問到和職業(yè)不相關(guān)的問題。5Contrary第五段講研究發(fā)現(xiàn)這類問題和老板們的相反，在選拔人才時并不能起到太大的作用。Contrary to .“與相反”。6intelligence/wisdom/knowledge/greatness/excellence根據(jù)第五段最后一句“What they are great for is to make employers feel like intellectual giants.”可知，問這些問題最大的好處就在于讓雇主感覺自己像個智力巨人。所以說面試官問這些問題是為了炫耀自己的智商。7assessment/evaluation/opinion/image根據(jù)第七段最后一句“.to make applicants feel worthless .”可知，這樣的面試旨在讓求職者覺得自己一文不值，使求職者對自己的評價很差。8beyond根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Think about the extensive list of personal skills required for even the most lowly entrylevel job.”可知，最低級的入門級工作應(yīng)該不需要這么多的個人技能，可見有些要求已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過了這個職位的需要。beyond“超越”。9competitors/rivals/opponents根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Or those painful assessment centres where you are supposed to play nice with people you are competing against to get the job.”可知答案。10praise/applaud根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句“And then there are the firms that ask applicants to make a presentation to convey how awesome the firms are.”還有一些公司要求申請者做一個演講來表達(dá)公司有多棒。也就是要讓求職者來表揚(yáng)這家公司。B(2019蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)三模)Human love isnt neatly ordered or easily predictable.But that doesnt mean that mathematics hasnt got something because, love, as with most of life, is full of patterns.Mathematics is, basically, all about the study of patterns, patterns from predicting the weather to the fluctuations (起伏) in the stock market, to the movement of the planets or the growth of cities.And if were being honest, none of those things are exactly neatly ordered and easily predictable, either.So let us talk about how to pick a perfect partner using a bit of mathematics that is called Optimal Stopping Theory.Imagine that you start dating when youre 15 and ideally, youd like to be married by the time that youre 35.And theres a number of people that you could potentially date across your lifetime, and theyll be at varying levels of goodness.The math says then that what you should do in the first 37 percent of your dating window, you should just reject everybody as serious marriage potential.And then, you should pick the next person that is better than everybody that youve seen before.If you do this, it can be mathematically proven, in fact, that this is the best possible way of maximizing your chances of finding the perfect partner.But unfortunately, I have to tell you that this method does come with some risks.For instance, imagine if your perfect partner appeared during your first 37 percent.Now, unfortunately, youd have to reject them.Now, if youre following the maths, Im afraid no one else will appear thats better than anyone youve seen before, so you have to go on rejecting everyone and die alone.Okay, another risk is, lets imagine, instead, that the first people that you dated in your first 37 percent are just incredibly dull, boring, terrible people.Now, thats okay, because youre in your rejection phase.But then imagine, the next person to come along is just slightly less boring, dull and terrible than everybody that youve seen before.Now, if you are following the maths, Im afraid you have to marry them and end up in a relationship which is, frankly, not most satisfying.Okay, so this method doesnt give you a 100 percent success rate, but theres no other possible strategy that can do any better.And actually, I also think that subconsciously, humans, we do sort of do this anyway.We give ourselves a little bit of time to play the field, get a feel for the marketplace or whatever when were young.And then we only start looking seriously at potential marriage candidates once we hit our midto late20s.I think this is convincing proof, if ever it were needed, that everybodys brains are prewired(天生的) to be just a little bit mathematical.Therefore, it can be mathematically proven that this is the best way to find the perfect partner.Title: The Mathematics of LoveMain PointsSupporting DetailsThe reasonmathematicscan helpwith humanloveLove is full of unpredictable patterns.Mathematics (1)_ patterns that are not neatly ordered.The best (2)_ way to picka perfectpartnerPick (3)_ of the first 37 percent, and then choose the next better person that comes along. (4) _ Coming with the Optimal StoppingTheory1.Cause: Your perfect partner is rejected when he/she appears during the first 37 percent.Result: You will die alone as you will reject anyone coming (5) _.2Cause: The next person is slightly(6)_than any of the first 37 percent, who you have rejected and who are just incredibly terrible.Result: Following the maths, you have to choose him/her，(7)_ in a partner not most satisfying. (8)_ the OptimalStoppingTheory isthe beststrategySubconsciously, humans play the field before seriously starting looking for a potential person for (9)_Human brains are naturally mathematical because we often (10)_ some time getting a feel for the marketplace before making serious decisions.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了如何利用數(shù)學(xué)概率理論尋找最佳伴侶。1studies根據(jù)第一段的第三句“Mathematics is, basically, all about the study of patterns”可知，數(shù)學(xué)是研究規(guī)律的。study研究。2mathematical根據(jù)第三段最后一句“If you do this, it can be mathematically proven, in fact, that this is the best possible way of maximizing your chances of finding the perfect partner.”可知，如果你這樣做，就可以從數(shù)學(xué)上證明，事實上，這是最大化你找到完美伴侶的機(jī)會的最好方法。所以用mathematical “數(shù)學(xué)的”。3none根據(jù)第三段的第三句“.you should just reject everybody as serious marriage potential”中的reject，所以一個都不用接受，用pick none of。4Risks根據(jù)第四段“ I have to tell you that this method does come with some risks”可知，這個方法是有風(fēng)險的。5after根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Im afraid no one else will appear thats better than anyone youve seen before, so you have to go on rejecting everyone and die alone.”可知，以后有可能再也不會出現(xiàn)比之前看到的更好的人，所以你只能孤獨地死去。anyone coming after 之后出現(xiàn)的任何人。6better根據(jù)第六段第三句 “the next person to come along is just slightly less boring, dull and terrible than everybody that youve seen before.”可知，后面遇到的人只比之前的人好一點點，用slightly better。7resulting根據(jù)第六段最后一句“Now, if you are following the maths, Im afraid you have to marry them and end up in a relationship which is, frankly, not most satisfying.”可知，根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)，你必須選擇他/她，結(jié)果卻是一個不太令人滿意的伴侶。result in“導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果為”。8Why根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Therefore, it can be mathematically proven that this is the best way to find the perfect partner.”可知，這一段主要是解釋為什么這個“Optimal Stopping Theory”是選擇伴侶的最佳策略。9marriage最后一段的第三句“And then we only start looking seriously at potential marriage candidates”中“potential marriage candidates”對應(yīng)look for potential person for marriage。10spend根據(jù)最后一段的第二句“We give ourselves a little bit of time to play the field”可知，我們應(yīng)該花時間做某事。spend some time (in) doing sth.“花時間做某件事”。7