《虛擬語氣》PPT課件

虛 擬 語 氣 1） 概 念 虛 擬 語 氣 用 來 表 示 說 話 人 的 主觀 愿 望 或 假 想 ， 所 說 的 是 一 個 條 件 ，不 一 定 是 事 實 ， 或 與 事 實 相 反 。 2） 在 條 件 句 中 的 應 用 條 件 句 可 分 為 兩 類 ， 一 類 為 真實 條 件 句 ， 一 類 為 非 真 實 條 件 句 。非 真 實 條 件 句 表 示 的 是 假 設 的 或 實際 可 能 性 不 大 的 情 況 ， 故 采 用 虛 擬語 氣 。 虛擬語氣假設條件句型注意點：1. 錯綜時間句的虛擬語氣 當條件從句與結果主句所表的時間不一致時,虛擬語氣的形式應當做相應的調(diào)整.如:If you had followed the teacher s advice, you wouldn t be in the hospital now. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now. 2. 假設條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中有should， were， had三個助動詞可以把if省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up.If it were not for your advice, we couldn t have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldn t have got over the difficulties. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do? 注意： 在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were，不用was， 即在從句中be用were代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就會去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。 典型例題_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were I D. Was I 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個詞主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do., 而不能說 Werent I to do. 1. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been2. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be 3. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave4. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 5. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have 6. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would have snowed C. snow D. will snow 7. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not make C. shouldnt have made D. might not have made8. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should be 1. use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replace an if-clause in implied conditionals Without air , there would be no living things. But for your help , I couldnt have done it.(If there were not air)(Ifit hadntbeenforyourhelp) I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.) 2. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals. 即 使 生 了 病 ， 他 也 去 辦 公 室 。 Even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 他 那 樣 對 待 我 ， 好 像 我 是 陌 生 人 似 的 。 He treated me as if I were a stranger. 她 談 論 那 部 影 片 ， 就 好 像 她 確 實 看 過一 樣 。She talked about the film as if she had really watched it. 虛擬語氣特殊句型：1.wish/if only 現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：did（were）had donewould do 1.I wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在）2.I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去）3.We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來） If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again! 要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train! I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講那樣的話。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明下雨就好了。2）wish to do表達法。 wish sb. / sth. to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once. 2. would rather that現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow. diddidhad done 3. Its (about/high) time +that should dodid你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 4. 表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語氣。1.賓語從句。常見動詞： 一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求。即1. insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand , require, request, desire 這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞 使用should + 動詞原形，或者將should省略。 我們建議Tom 去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there. I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建議 或堅持要某人做某事時，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅持認為時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。 1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey) the rules.2.He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be) ill.obey wasbe sent havewas 以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire Its suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down. 5. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形 It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard. 6. 某些簡單句的固定句型： Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China!