（江蘇專版）高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 增分篇 專題巧突破 專題三 閱讀理解 閱讀理解組合練（三）-人教版高三全冊(cè)英語(yǔ)試題

閱讀理解組合練(三)(限時(shí)30分鐘)A(2017·蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三調(diào)研)“In the past going to the dentist wasn't always easy, but today it IS! New dental technologies like air abrasion (研磨) mean up to 80% of patients don't even need a shot! Other state­of­the­art advancements make your treatment completely comfortable. Call me if you want gentle, affordable dental care.”Dr. John B. GentleTotal Family CareChildren very welcomeComfortable ultrasonic cleaningSealants to prevent holesFluoride treatmentsLifelike false teeth and partialsTomorrow's Dentistry TodayAir abrasion means dentistry without drills or needles！In­mouth camera examination provides unmatched diagnostic and treatment accuracyComputer imaging shows theresults before work is doneCosmetics (美容) For Your Best SmileTeeth whitening fast results, very affordableMercury (汞)­free, white fillings match your natural teeth Porcelain crowns for stained or bad­looking teethNatural­looking, durableConveniences24 hour emergency treatmentCable TV in every roomFree second opinionPrepayment discountsInterest­free financingInsurance acceptedCredit cards and online pay acceptedCall now for your free in­mouth camera examination：語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一則廣告，介紹了一家牙科診所的先進(jìn)技術(shù)、家庭式服務(wù)和便利設(shè)施等。1Who might be most interested in this advertisement?AThose who want to receive tooth treatment.BThose who want to become dentists.CThose who want to sell tooth medical equipment.DThose who want to write an article on tooth care.解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段中的“going to the dentist”“Call me if you want gentle, affordable dental care.”可知，這則廣告可能會(huì)吸引需要治療牙齒的人。2According to the advertisement, those who may go to the dentist's are probably attracted by_.Afree emergency treatmentBcheapest natural­looking cosmeticsCnew dental technologiesDdiscounted in­mouth camera examination解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“New dental technologies . Other state­of­the­art advancements make your treatment completely comfortable”及Tomorrow's Dentistry Today部分的內(nèi)容可知，新的牙科技術(shù)可能是其吸引人之處。B(2017·蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三調(diào)研)With a presidential campaign, health care and the gun control debate in the news these days, one can't help getting sucked into the flame wars that are Internet comment threads. But psychologists say this addictive form of vitriolic (刻薄) back and forth should be avoided or simply checked by online media outlets because it actually damages society and mental health.A perfect storm of factors comes together to cause the rudeness and aggression seen in the comments sections of web pages, said Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Austin. First, commenters are often nearly nameless, and thus, unaccountable to their rudeness. Second, they are at a distance from the target of their anger be it the article they're commenting on or another comment on that article and people tend to go against distant abstractions more easily than living, breathing talkers. Third, it's easier to be nasty in writing than in speech, hence the now somewhat out­of­date practice of leaving angry notes (back when people used paper), Markman said.And finally, Edward Wasserman, Knight Professor in Journalism Ethics at Washington and Lee University, noted another cause of the vitriol: bad examples set by the media. “Unfortunately, mainstream media have made a fortune teaching people the wrong ways to talk to each other. People understandably conclude anger is the political vernacular (行話), that this is how public ideas are talked about，” Wasserman wrote in an article on his university's website “It isn't.”In Markman's opinion, media outlets should cut down on the anger and hatred that have become the model in reader exchanges. “It's valuable to allow all sides of an argument to be heard. To a greater degree, someone who is making a reasonable point but in an angry tone is hurting the nature of the argument, because they are prompting people to respond in a similar way，” he said.For their part, people should seek out actual human beings to communicate with, Markman said and we should make a point of including a few people in our social circles who think differently from us. “You'll develop a healthy respect for people whose opinions differ from your own; the back­and­forth negotiation that goes on in having a conversation with someone you don't agree with is a skill and it's not easy to master it，” Markman said.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的針對(duì)某一話題進(jìn)行的憤怒評(píng)論其實(shí)是有害于社會(huì)和心理健康的，文中建議人們要理智地交流并尊重那些與自己的意見(jiàn)不同的人們。3Why do psychologists encourage people to stop attacking each other online?AThe social problems are too complex to figure out.BThe online media outlets will review the comments.CThe action does harm to society and individuals.DThe Internet users are easily attached to hot topics.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第一段第二句話可以看出心理學(xué)家呼吁人們避免網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊，并給出理由“because it actually damages society and mental health”，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊實(shí)際上對(duì)社會(huì)和(個(gè)人的)心理健康有害，所以C項(xiàng)正確。4What can we learn from the analysis by Markman?APeople are cautious to make vitriolic remarks online.BThe targets online are more likely to be commented on.CUnderstanding the literal meaning is easier than oral language.DAn argument in an angry tone can promote its power.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“A perfect storm of factors comes together to cause the rudeness and aggression seen in the comments sections of web pages”以及下文列出的三個(gè)具體原因可推知，網(wǎng)上評(píng)論的某些特性使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的(攻擊)對(duì)象更易招致評(píng)論，所以B項(xiàng)正確。5What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?ATo show different ways of expressing opinions.BTo reveal the severe problems of the public media.CTo raise the awareness of proper communication.DTo urge people to carry out actual offline communication.解析：選C寫(xiě)作目的題。本篇文章某種程度上采用了典型的“提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題”的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以解決問(wèn)題是文章的主要意圖。從最后一段可以看出解決問(wèn)題的方法，即要允許并尊重不同觀點(diǎn)的存在且掌握和與自己觀點(diǎn)不同的人溝通、協(xié)商的技巧，而C項(xiàng)“提升(人們)正確交流的意識(shí)”對(duì)文章的解讀正與此相對(duì)應(yīng)，所以C項(xiàng)正確。C(2017·南京市、鹽城市高三模擬)Last year Congress issued a moral call to action when it ordered the National Institutes of Health to reevaluate its ethical oversight (倫理上的疏忽) of government­funded primate (靈長(zhǎng)類) research. Although the scientific community widely sees nonhuman primates as essential for advances in biomedicine (they have caused major gains in the fights against AIDS and neurological diseases such as Parkinson's, for example), researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and conduct research less wastefully. To that end, the NIH gathered famous scientists last September to discuss the future of primate­based research and they agreed that data sharing is the way forward.Researchers could reduce experiments on nonhuman primates by studying data that have already been collected to answer new questions, says David O'Connor, a pathologist at the University of Wisconsin­Madison. O'Connor is walking_the_walk:_his laboratory studies the Zika virus in primates, and he immediately posts all the results online. The goal is to figure out ways to fight Zika as quickly as possible without placing an undue burden on research primates. The Seattle­based Allen Institute for Brain Science, which uses rhesus macaques, small South Asian monkeys, to study the molecular basis of brain development, also makes all results public. O'Connor says this practice should be more widespread so that “researchers who are using this scarce but vital resource can learn as much as possible from as few animals as necessary”. Still, he is skeptical that data sharing will catch on because it would require a change in “normative behavior” science's strong culture of secrecy, in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peer­reviewed journal. One step toward full transparency is to follow the lead of human clinical trials, says Christine Grady, a bioethicist at the NIH. US law requires most clinical trials to register online and make their results public, even if a study fails or is inconclusive. This ensures that other researchers can learn from a trial regardless of its results a move that could also safeguard primates against being used for the same thing twice. Nancy Haigwood, director of the Oregon National Primate Research Center, also says data sharing is “the way of the future”. Her center hosts 4,800 primates to study a variety of human diseases. She currently contributes results from her center to O'Connor's website. “I don't see a drawback，” she says. “We have to share data more quickly.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。為了更人道地對(duì)待靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物，在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中減少對(duì)它們的傷害，研究者之間應(yīng)該做到數(shù)據(jù)共享，增加實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的透明度。6What does Congress think of the primate research?AIt has done a great deal of good to advances in biomedicine.BIt is a huge waste of money to conduct research on primates.CPrimate­based research must be stopped for moral reasons.DProper attention should be given to treating primates humanely.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Last year Congress issued a moral call . primate (靈長(zhǎng)類) research.”及“. researchers agree more can be done to treat the animals more humanely and .”可知，美國(guó)國(guó)會(huì)要求研究人員更人道地對(duì)待靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物。7The underlined phrase “walking the walk” in Paragraph 2 shows that O'Connor _.Ais the leader in fighting Zika virus in primatesBis walking away from his own responsibilityCis carrying out what he has said he should doDis taking a tough road when posting his data解析：選C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線部分后面的內(nèi)容可知，他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室把所有的研究結(jié)果公布在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，這與他前面所說(shuō)的研究人員可以通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)共享來(lái)減少對(duì)非人靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)一致，所以此處指他在踐行他說(shuō)的話。8According to O'Connor, what might prevent scientists from sharing their data?AThe deep­rooted culture that data should be kept secret until published.BThe fact that scientists are reluctant to change their way of research.CThe requirement that most clinical trials should be registered online.DThe fear that they will be laughed at if a study fails or is inconclusive.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“. because it would require a change in normative behavior science's strong culture of secrecy, in which data are kept under wraps until they are published in a peer­reviewed journal”可知，阻礙數(shù)據(jù)共享的是人們根深蒂固的文化，即在出版之前研究數(shù)據(jù)必須保密。9What could be the best title for the passage?AThe Merciless Practice of Primate ResearchBTo Treat Primates More Humanely: TransparencyCTo Abandon Experiments on Primates: Final GoalDThe Burden of Research on Nonhuman Primates解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要講的是為了更人道地對(duì)待靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物，在實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中減少對(duì)它們的傷害，研究人員應(yīng)該和他人共享實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，做到實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的透明。所以選擇B。D(2017·蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)四市高三調(diào)研)Are you a different person when you speak a foreign language? That's just one of the questions The New Yorker's writer and native North Carolinian Lauren Collins explores in her autobiography, about her tough efforts to master French after marrying a Frenchman whose name Olivier she couldn't even pronounce properly. When in French ranges from the humorously personal story to a deeper look at various theories of language acquisition and linguistics (語(yǔ)言學(xué))The couple met in London “on more or less neutral ground: his continent, my language”. But the balance shifted when they moved to Geneva for Olivier's work. The normally voluble Collins found herself at a loss “nearly speechless”. The language barrier, and her dependence on her husband for simple things like buying the right cut of meat worsened her mixed feelings about “unlovely, but not ridiculous” Geneva. She comments, “Language, as much as land, is a place. To be cut off from it is to be, in a sense, homeless.”Her sense of alienation (疏離感) leads to an examination of America's miserable record when it comes to foreign languages.“Linguists call America the graveyard of languages because of its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations，” Collins writes. Educated in Wilmington, N. C. , and at Princeton, she could like the vast majority of Americans only speak their mother tongue.Eight months after she moved to Switzerland, Collins gave up on the natural acquisition of language and finally attended a French course.As she struggles with grammar and vocabulary, Collins notes smartly that vert (green), verre (glass), ver (worm), vers (toward), and vair (squirrel) compose a quintuple homonym (同形異義). “Although it's difficult, French can be tried，” she says.French is actually considered among the easiest languages for an English speaker to learn, especially compared to Arabic or Mandarin Chinese. Collins, whose notably rich English vocabulary includes glossolalia (nonsense speech) and shibboleth (catchword or slogan), finds plenty of terrific French words to love. She writes, “ English is a trust fund, an unearned inheritance (遺產(chǎn)), but I've worked for every bit of French I've banked.”Unlike Jhumpa Lahiri, who became so hooked on Italian and used it to write In Other Words, Collins' goals for learning French were more modest. “I wanted to speak French and to sound like a North Carolinian.” She also wanted to be able to deal with the chimney sweep and butchers, communicate with her in­laws, and “to touch Olivier in his own language”. She admits that she feels different speaking French. “Its austerity (樸素) made me feel more confused.” Readers looking for the romantic spark of classic cross­cultural love stories featuring an outgoing American and a shy Frenchman will find flashes of it here. Among the many cultural differences the couple argue over is her enthusiastic American habit of applying the verb love to express enthusiasm for shoes, strawberries, and husbands alike. But there's far more to Collins' book than fantastic comedy, and those who have weathered linguistic crossings themselves tend to find particular resonance (共鳴) in its inquiry into language, identity, and transcultural translation.Arranged by chapters named for verb tenses, When in French works its way from The Past Perfect (Le Plus­que­parfait) to The Present (Le Présent) and The Conditional (Le Conditionnel). Collins ends on a delightful note with Le Futur fitting for a new mother about to move with her hard­won French husband, French language, and Swiss­born daughter to the French­speaking city of her dreams, Paris.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了Lauren Collins的自傳When in French的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。10Which of the following statements is TRUE about When in French?AIt describes how most American people learn French.BIt introduces a variety of theories about French learning.CThe author tells her experiences in a serious way.DThe book offers a traditional way of learning a foreign language.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話中的“a deeper look at various theories of language acquisition and linguistics (語(yǔ)言學(xué))”可知，When in French探討了語(yǔ)言習(xí)得的不同理論和語(yǔ)言學(xué)。11Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “voluble” in Paragraph 2?AGraceful.BDependent.CTalkative. DEnergetic.解析：選C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句中的“normally”和“nearly speechless”可知，通常情況下，Lauren Collins是很健談的，但是在新的環(huán)境下她因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)言不通而感到不知所措，幾乎說(shuō)不出話。由此可知，voluble表示的應(yīng)是與speechless相反的意思，故選C。12Why do linguists call America “the graveyard of languages”？ABecause other languages are prohibited in America.BBecause only English­speaking people can immigrate into America.CBecause immigrants' native languages contradict English in America.DBecause American culture swallows up immigrants' native languages gradually.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations”可知，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家之所以將美國(guó)稱作“語(yǔ)言的墓地”是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)文化會(huì)逐漸地“吞噬”移民的母語(yǔ)。13What can be inferred from Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5?ACollins' English vocabulary knowledge contributes little to her French learning.BCollins has found out some effective ways of mastering French words.CArabic or Mandarin Chinese is easier to learn than French for English speakers.DIt's terrifying for Collins to have French words in store for practical use.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Collins notes smartly . Although it's difficult, French can be tried， she says”，第五段中的“finds plenty of terrific French words to love”和“but I've worked for every bit of French I've banked”可知，Lauren Collins在學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)方面找到了竅門(mén)，并且逐漸取得進(jìn)步。14The example of Jhumpa Lahiri in the passage is given to show that_.ACollins aims at using French for her daily lifeBCollins wants to apply French to serve her writingCit's inappropriate for Jhumpa Lahiri to write in another languageDforeign language always makes learners feel complicated about life解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“I wanted to speak French”和“She also wanted to be able to deal with the chimney sweep and butchers, communicate with her in­laws, and to touch Olivier in his own language”可知，Lauren Collins學(xué)習(xí)法語(yǔ)是為了給她的日常生活提供便利。15Which of the following items are mentioned by the author of this book review?the themethe structurethe publisherthe popularitythe writing styleA BC D解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段中的最后一句“When in French ranges from .acquisition and linguistics (語(yǔ)言學(xué))”介紹了這本書(shū)的主題；最后一段中的“Arranged by chapters named for verb tenses .”介紹了這本書(shū)的結(jié)構(gòu)；第一段中的“humorously personal story”和倒數(shù)第二段中的“there's far more to Collins' book than fantastic comedy”表明這本書(shū)的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格是風(fēng)趣幽默的。