2019-2020年高中英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)十五 形容詞和副詞.doc

2019-2020年高中英語 語法復(fù)習(xí)十五 形容詞和副詞形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)說 明例 詞一般情況加er, estsmaller,smallest以e 結(jié)尾加r,stlarger,largest單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)多音節(jié)的形容詞，加詞尾er ,est以"輔音字母+y "結(jié)尾的詞改y為i，再加er,estbusier,busiest重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫末尾輔音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest以ow,er結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加er ,estnarrower,narrowestcleverer,clevest多數(shù)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)的詞加more mostmore beautiful,most important副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1大多數(shù)以ly結(jié)尾的副詞前加more 和most 來構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。2少數(shù)單音節(jié)副詞，加er,est 構(gòu)成其比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) 。幾個(gè)特殊的形容詞和副詞原級(jí)比較級(jí) 最高級(jí)good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest,furtheroldolder, elderoldest, eldest比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的常用句型 名稱句型 例句相等as 原形 as (as 原形+名詞 as )The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train.He has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名詞+原形 as )She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比較級(jí)+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越the +比較級(jí)+of the two兩者中較 的一個(gè)He is the taller of the two.用于否定no +比較級(jí)+than 和一樣不He is no richer than I.他和我一樣不富有。用于否定最不過His work couldnt be worse.他的工作再糟糕不過了。程度遞增er and er，more and more+多音節(jié)詞原級(jí) (越來越)higher and higher more and more important 兩種情況同時(shí)變化the +比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)（越，越）The quicker you get ready, the sooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比較the +最高級(jí)+of/in+比較范圍（之中最）Of all things in the world, people are the precious.比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾語1用于原級(jí)之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third as many students as we had last term.2用于比較級(jí)前many, a few (用于"more +可數(shù)名詞"前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.We produced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容詞和最高級(jí)前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the world.Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .位置與功能高考重點(diǎn)要求1掌握形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的常用句型及用法2掌握形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)修飾語及倍數(shù)的比較表達(dá)。3注意多外形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序。4分清常用同義與近義形容詞在表達(dá)中的語義差別。此項(xiàng)語法內(nèi)容從1991年到達(dá)xx年間共出現(xiàn)45次（包括上海題），可見其重要。形容詞作用與位置1定語。 在名詞前做定語，為最常見用法。請(qǐng)注意多個(gè)形容詞（含其它起形容詞作用的詞）做前置定語的順序。"縣官行令殺國(guó)才。"這一句就概述了形容詞順序問題。即：限（冠詞物主代詞、指示代詞數(shù)詞等）觀 （描繪） 形（大小、形狀等） 齡 （年齡、新舊等）色（色彩）國(guó)（國(guó)籍、出處等）材（材料、功用等）an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella做后置定語。修飾由不定代詞no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞或形容詞短語。2表語。一定要注意系動(dòng)詞的出現(xiàn)情況。這是一個(gè)高考熱點(diǎn)問題。常見系動(dòng)詞有：be 變化系詞： bee, get ,turn, grow, go保持系詞： keep ,remain, stay感觀系詞： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.3.形容詞作狀語，表狀況、原因、結(jié)果等。這也是應(yīng)注意的一點(diǎn)。He went to bed , cold and hungry. 4.做賓補(bǔ)。N：某些以a 開始的形容詞只做表語，不做定語。afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive某些表身體健康狀況的形容詞只能做表語,不做定語well, ill faint某些以-ly 結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞。friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。復(fù)合形容詞的形式問題。an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man副詞位置1）時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞一般放于句尾。如同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，則地點(diǎn)副詞在前。They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.2)表頻率的時(shí)間副詞是高考的熱點(diǎn)always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行為動(dòng)詞之前，be詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞之 后。He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.3)程度副詞一般放在被修飾詞之前（但 enough除外）He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.N:有些副詞有兩種形式，一個(gè)與形容詞同形，一個(gè)以ly 結(jié)尾，但它們的含義是不同的。closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。以ly 結(jié)尾的詞表較為抽象的含義，而與形容詞同形的副詞則表較為具體的概念。He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飛得高，具有可見性）練習(xí)、形容詞和副詞高考題選：1. John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. (MET88) A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer2. The students are_ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88) A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88) A. such an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. a so interesting4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88) A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many5. The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. (MET88) A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as6. The story sounds_ . (MET89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true7. Id been expecting _ letters the whole morning, but there werent _ for me. (MET89) A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. (MET89) A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90) A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but_ . (MET90) A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good11. -Can I help you? -Well, Im afraid the box is_ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90) A. so B. much C. very D. too12.-Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office? -Im sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90) A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. (MET90) A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less14. Oh, John. _ you gave me! (MET90) A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise15. -How did you find your visit to museum? -I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. (MET91) A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting16. Canada is larger than _ country in Asia. (NMET91) A. any B. any other C. other D. another17. Those oranges taste_ . (MET91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well18. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected. (NMET91) A. more B. much more C. much D. more much19. _ food youve cooked! (NMET91 ) A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice20. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. (MET92) A. there B. where C. there where D. where there21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes_ . (MET92) A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening22. -Are you feeling _?-Yes, I m fine now. (NMET92) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better23. Which is_ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92) A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger24. -Will you give this message to Mr. White, please? -Sorry, I cant. He _. (MET92) A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer here work C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92) A. often B. soon C. long D. rapid26. _ terrible weather weve been having these days! (MET92) A. How a B. What a C. How D. What27. It takes a long time to go there by train. Its_ by road. (MET93) A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker28. _ from Beijing to London! (MET93) A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is29. She doesnt speak_ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93) A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as30. -Mum, I think Im_ to get back to school. -Not really, My dear. Youd better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93) A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough31. -If you dont like the red coat, take the blue one. -OK, but do you have size_ in blue? This ones a bit tight for me. (NMET93) A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger32. John plays footbal_ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94) A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as33. We all write_ ,even when theres net much to say. (NMET94) A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less34. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes I do, he came by car. (NMET94) A. how B. when C. that D. if35. If there were no examinations, we should have _at school. (NMET94) A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time36. -Have you finished your report yet? -No, Ill finish in_ ten minutes. (NMET95) A. another B. other C. more D. less37. -Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. -Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET95) A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a38. If we work with a strong will, we can overe any difficulty,_ great it is. (NMET95) A. what B. how C. however D. whatever39. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. (NMET96) A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _. (NMET96) A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice41. Tony is going camping with _ boys. (NMET93) A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two42. -How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (NMET95) -It was great. We visited some friends, and spent _the days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last43. Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (MET95) A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such44. Wait till you are more_ .Its better to be sure than sorry. (NMET97) A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certain45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays. (NMET98) A. the best B. more C. better D. the most46._ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMETxx ) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave47. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. (NMETxx ) A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) _ trick. (xx 春招) A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D. simple49. It is generally believed that teaching is_ it is a science. (NMETxx) A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as50.-Im very _with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. -Mm, it does have a _smell. (xx春招) A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest語法復(fù)習(xí)十五：形容詞和副詞1C原題中的three sisters這一信息詞語暗示考生要用最高級(jí)的形式。clever的最高級(jí)有兩種：the most clever，the cleverest2Cmostly是副詞，意思是："主要地"，修飾整個(gè)句子。用most時(shí)應(yīng)為most of the students；用almost通常說almost all+n.3Asuch與so修飾名詞時(shí)可這樣使用。so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)so many/few十可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) so much/little+不可數(shù)名詞4Afew修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)；much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。5DA、C項(xiàng)是語法錯(cuò)誤。asas之間不能用比較級(jí)形式。B項(xiàng)也是語法錯(cuò)誤，than前沒有比較級(jí)，把than變成as就對(duì)了。實(shí)際上not asas=not more than6Dsound是"聽起來"的意思。它是系動(dòng)詞，其后接形容詞做表語。類似的系動(dòng)詞還有l(wèi)ook seem taste smell fell7Asome常用在肯定句中，而any常用在否定、疑問和條件句中。8Cgrain是不可數(shù)名詞。A項(xiàng)是語法錯(cuò)誤，asas之間用原級(jí)，B項(xiàng)few不修飾grain，D項(xiàng)也如此。9C表示倍數(shù)的詞與其他表示程度的副詞修飾asas結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，應(yīng)放在其前面。10C該題考查了考生是否掌握形容詞比較級(jí)的兩種形式，該句可理解為：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper，but not as good as those in this shop.11D此處可理解為the box is too heavy for you to carry12Dno longer強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間；no more強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量和次數(shù)。13Cbetter這一信息詞可暗示考生用比較級(jí)形式，less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，fewer修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。14Cwhat與how修飾名詞引起的感嘆句： what+a/an+形容詞十單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 what+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) what +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞 How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)注意what的用法與sach相似，how與so相似。且give sB. a surprise是慣用法。15A用來修飾比較級(jí)的副詞有：a little，a bit；even still；far，by far；a lot，a great deal；much，any(用于否定、疑問)；rather16A用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)的意思，用than+any other+單數(shù)名詞(包括主語在內(nèi))或用any+單數(shù)名詞(比較范圍不包括主語在內(nèi))。因加拿大不屬亞洲。如，把Asia改為North America，則B正確。17Ataste是系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞做表語。B項(xiàng)well如果是形容詞，表示"身體好"。但Things are well with me屬于特殊情況。參看6題。18C參看15題。19D參看14題。20Bwhere引導(dǎo)表語從句，且where在表語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。21A當(dāng)open做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，一般用它的形容詞，不用它的現(xiàn)在分詞。又如：with his eyes open/closed22Bany修飾比較級(jí)時(shí)，一般用于疑問句和否定句中。23D表示兩者中"最"的意思，用the+比較級(jí)。此句可理解Canada is the larger of the two countries.24Dno more與no longer變成notany more或notany longer時(shí)any more和any longer要置于句尾，可參看12題。25 Bhow often表示頻率，與題意不符。how long句中的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，是"多久"的意思。D項(xiàng)rapid是形容詞不能修飾動(dòng)詞。How soon的回答詞用in+時(shí)間，因此，全句的意思是："在多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之內(nèi)(或以后)你能畫完畫?"且句中謂語是瞬間動(dòng)詞。26D可參看14題。weather是不可數(shù)名詞。27D此處可理解為Its quicker to go by road than by train28D參看14題。29A原題中的but與excellent兩個(gè)信息詞可暗示考生，且not asas相當(dāng)于not more than，因此，該句的意思是："她講的不如朋友的好，但她的筆頭好。"30Cwell是形容詞"身體好"的意思。這是Its+adj+enoush to do sth句型。該句意思是："我身體已好，可以返回學(xué)校了。"31B形容詞的比較級(jí)修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)時(shí)，前面不要忘了加a，泛指比較的-個(gè)。例如，This shirt is a little largerCould you show me a smaller one?32B是29題的創(chuàng)新。該句的意思是："如果不比David好的話，那么會(huì)跟David踢的一樣好。"if not better than為插入語。33A從even when theres not much to say這一信息句可知。now and then相當(dāng)于sometimes，occasionally和from time to time，B項(xiàng)by and by=soon，C項(xiàng)step by step=gradually，D項(xiàng)more or less=about，修飾名詞，但也可修飾動(dòng)詞，作狀語。34A從答語中by car可知，how問的是方式。35Dhave a good/happy time是慣用法，much修飾比較級(jí)。參看31題。36Amore與another在表示"再、又"時(shí)，用法不同，more置于數(shù)詞后面，而another置于數(shù)詞的前面。37Ainformation是不可數(shù)名詞。have a word with sb相當(dāng)于speak/talk to/with sb與談話。38Chowever是連接副詞，修飾形容詞great并引導(dǎo)一個(gè)讓步4狀語從句，意思是："無論困難有多大。"39D"下大雨"應(yīng)說 "rain hard/heavily"40D意為："我從未聽過比她還好的噪音。"用比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)的概念。41C要知道形容詞排列作定語的順序。42B與41題考查的目的相同。43B可參看3題。44D從下文Its better to be sure than sorry即"確信要比后悔好"可知，填入D項(xiàng)。A、B、C項(xiàng)不符合邏輯。45C該題考查副詞用法。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，題干的兩個(gè)并列分句中，已給出some short stories和his plays這一特定的語境，表示二者之間的比較需用副詞的比較級(jí)。well known是一慣用詞組，意為"出名的"、"眾所周知的"，well的比較級(jí)為better，故答案為C。46C形容詞作后置定語。enough為副詞，修飾形容詞brave，放在其后。47D意為"在國(guó)外通常是困難的，特別是你不會(huì)說外語"。48D意為"我很吃驚你竟然被這么簡(jiǎn)單的一個(gè)詭計(jì)愚弄了。"此處，只有用D項(xiàng)才能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)這種語氣。49D"教學(xué)更像是一門科學(xué)。"第一個(gè)as為副詞。50D。51B。