人教版必修2 unit3 ComputersP4 Grammar

The Present Perfect Passive VoiceUnit 3 Grammar 初中課本給大家介紹了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成，以及含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，上一個(gè)單元我們又學(xué)習(xí)了將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這里我們將繼續(xù)介紹有關(guān)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的知識(shí)。 ObjectiveTo learn and use the present perfect passive voice. 語法講解建議采用歸納法，如盡可能多的呈現(xiàn)一些相關(guān)例句，或可讓學(xué)生從已學(xué)課文中找相應(yīng)例句，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生試著從所觀察到的語言現(xiàn)象中總結(jié)出語言規(guī)則和語法規(guī)律。 Look at the following sentences.1. An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. (必修2)2. So even the olive wreath has been replaced! (必修2)3. The fantastic modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. (新概 念2 L37) 1. Over time I have been changed quite a lot.2. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.3. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! Sentences from this unit: 4. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.5. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.6. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language points Guess 1. An opinion is what someone believes is true but _. 2. So even the olive wreath _ _! 3. The fantastic modern buildings _ _ by Kurt Gunter. 4. Over time I _ quite a lot.5. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I _ in offices and homes since the 1970s.has not been proved has been replaced have been designedhave been changedhave been used 6. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I _!7. Since the 1970s many new applications _ for me.8. I _ also _ into robots and _ to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.9. I _ even _ into space rockets and _ to explore the Moon and Mars. have been toldhave been found have been putused have been put sent 1. Paper money _ for over a thousand years. A. used B. has been used C. has used D. is using2. _ the letter _ to Mr. Black? No. Its still on the desk. A. Has; given B. Will; be given C. Was; given D. Has; been given 3. Great changes _ in my hometown and a lot of factories _. A. have taken place; have been set up B. have been taken place; are being set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. had taken place; will be set up 以上我們已經(jīng)通過歸納總結(jié)和練習(xí)對(duì)本課的語法內(nèi)容有了一定的了解，下面就讓我們根據(jù)之前練習(xí)的考察情況進(jìn)一步選擇講解該語法項(xiàng)的重難點(diǎn)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去, 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voiceThe structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has + been + ed 1. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)即主語為動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語態(tài)即主語為動(dòng)作的承受者。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，但主語為動(dòng)作的承受者，表示“已經(jīng)被”。The new school has been set up. 新學(xué)校已經(jīng)建成了。 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定式為：have / has + been + doneThe experiment has been done successfully. 這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)做得很成功?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定式為：have / has + not + been + doneToms novel has not been published. 湯姆的小說還沒有被出版。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句需將have / has提到主語的前面。Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行車修好了嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊疑問句為：疑問詞 + have / has + been + doneWho has been invited? 誰受到了邀請(qǐng)？ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)以下兩個(gè)概念：1. 說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。2. 主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由have/has been+ v-ed構(gòu)成，其中v-ed為過去分詞，表示被動(dòng)。I have been told about it many times.The bridge has just been built. 在使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)要注意以下兩點(diǎn)：1. 過去分詞前有兩個(gè)助動(dòng)詞： have / has和been。2. 必須表示被動(dòng)。 注意:1. 副詞的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副詞置于have / has和been中間。如:誤 Such a man has been hardly believed.正 Such a man has hardly been believed. 2. 并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)(1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無被 動(dòng)語態(tài)。如： 誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. (2) open, break, drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出 者時(shí)常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。3. 短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞 或副詞。如： The patients have been taken good care of. (1) 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。(2) 把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) (be + 過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法 (3) 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之 后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。 All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all the people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. (4) 雙賓語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)可將其中的一 個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z， 另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。主動(dòng)：I have given him the key.被動(dòng)：He has been given the key.被動(dòng)：The key has been given (to) him.(5) 帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只 能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，原來的賓補(bǔ)保留 不動(dòng)，改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。主動(dòng)：I have asked her to help you.被動(dòng)：She has been asked to help you. (1)誤Many new buildings been built since 1980. 正Many new buildings have been built since 1980.分析: 謂語部分結(jié)構(gòu)不全, 時(shí)態(tài)部分不完整。試分析： (2)誤Something bad has been happened to him. 正Something bad has happened to him.分析: 被動(dòng)語態(tài)誤用。happen為不及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(3)誤I have introduced to Mr. Smith. 正I have been introduced to Mr. Smith (by Mr. Wang).分析: introduce為及物動(dòng)詞，I是introduce的承受者。 (4)誤The door has been opened of itself. 正The door has opened of itself.分析: 有些動(dòng)詞如open，break，drop等既可以作及物動(dòng)詞，又可以作不及物動(dòng)詞，若不強(qiáng)調(diào)誰是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，我們通常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。of itself意思是“自動(dòng)地”，因此，此句不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 Review現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has + been + done否定結(jié)構(gòu)：have / has + not + been + done Individual activity 1. When and where to go for the on- salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decidedQuiz I: Multiple choice. 2. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 3. All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed 4. _ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told 5. I got caught in the rain and my suit _. A. has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined 6. In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run 7. I like these English songs and they _ many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught 8. - Why does the Lake smell terrible? - Because large quantities of water _. A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted 9. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns. A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised 10. In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the word. A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced 11. Shakespeares play H amlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been made B. was made C. has been made D. would be made Quiz II: Turn the following into the passive voice.1. We have planted some trees around the lake.2. My father has locked the door.3. Someone has turned off the light. Some trees have been planted around the lake.The light has been turned off.The door has been locked. 4. I have finished my homework.5. They have rebuilt the bridge.6. He has repaired the machine for two hours. The bridge has been rebuilt.The machine has been repaired for two hours. My homework has been finished. Quiz III: Put the Chinese into English to complete the sentences.1. You can see the house _ _ (未油漆) for years.2. How many workers _ (已派遣) to build the railway? 3. Why does Mary look so unhappy? She _ (被嘲笑) by her classmates. has not beenpainted have been senthas been laughed at 4. It is said that the house _ _ (闖進(jìn)了) by two thieves. 5. _ his views _ (受到批 判) by them? 6. The two pens _ (未被拿走) by him. 7. This new type of computer _ _ (設(shè)計(jì)) for teachers and students. Have been criticizedhave not been taken away has been designedbroken into has been