2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 沖刺講義三 形容詞和副詞.doc

2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 沖刺講義三 形容詞和副詞I. 形容詞1.形容詞的位置：形容詞作定語(yǔ)通常前置，但在下列情況下后置1修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級(jí)或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后置the only person awake4和空間、時(shí)間、單位連用時(shí)a bridge 50 meters long5成對(duì)的形容詞可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容詞短語(yǔ)一般后置a man difficult to get on with7enough修飾名詞時(shí)可以前置也可以后置，但修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)要后置_to take his adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.(NMETxx)A.Brave enough students B.Enough breave students C.Students brave enough D.Students enough brave注意：多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞的順序熟記口訣就可以順利解題：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國(guó)籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。規(guī)則：限定語(yǔ)（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（?。? shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時(shí)間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國(guó)籍、來源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。This _ girl is Lindas cousin. (05北京卷)A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish2.復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成1形容詞+名詞+edkind-hearted6名詞+形容詞world-famous2形容詞+形容詞dark-blue7名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞peace-loving3形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking8名詞+過去分詞snow-covered4副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞hard-working9數(shù)詞+名詞+edthree-egged5副詞+過去分詞newly-built10數(shù)詞+名詞twenty-year3.形容詞（短語(yǔ)）作伴隨狀語(yǔ)As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead. 當(dāng)他看著山羊的時(shí)候，山羊翻了個(gè)身，死了。Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困難，他們寧愿走好走的路。II.副詞的分類：1時(shí)間副詞soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點(diǎn)副詞here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, whyIII. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)，比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est，多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most。項(xiàng) 目例 句同級(jí)比較時(shí)常常用 asas以及not so(as)asShe is as tall as her mother.I am not as/ so good a player as you are.雙方比較，表示一方超過另一方時(shí)，用“比較級(jí) （+ than）”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方陰藏起來的情況。This picture is more beautiful than that one.I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).表示一方不及另一方時(shí)，用“l(fā)ess + 原級(jí) + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方隨另一方變化時(shí)用“the morethe more”句型The harder you work, the more progress you will make用比較級(jí)來表達(dá)最高級(jí)的意思I have never spent a more worrying day.我從來沒有度過這樣令人煩惱的一天。（意為：我度過了最為令人煩惱的一天。）倍數(shù)的表達(dá)表達(dá)法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。表達(dá)法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。表達(dá)法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.注意：1. 可以修飾比較級(jí)的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal；2. 表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。