電大《健康教育與健康促進》作業(yè)名詞解釋

專業(yè)好文檔一、名詞解釋。1.健康教育：是通過信息傳播和行為干預(yù)，幫助個人和群體掌握恒生保健知識、樹立健康觀念、自覺采納有利于健康行為和生活方式的教育活動與過程。2.健康促進：是指個人與其家庭、社區(qū)和國家一起采取措施，鼓勵健康的行為，增強人們改進和處理自身健康問題的能力。3.健康傳播：是指以“人人健康”為出發(fā)點，運用各種傳播媒介渠道及方法，為維護和促進人類健康的目的而制作、傳遞、分散、交流、分享健康信息的過程。.人際傳播：又稱親身傳播，是指個人與個人之間直接的信息溝通的一類交流活動。.促進健康行為：指個體或群體表現(xiàn)的、客觀上有益于自身和他人健康的一組行為。1.計劃設(shè)計：是一個組織機構(gòu)實際情況，通過科學(xué)的預(yù)測和決策，提出在未來一定時期內(nèi)所要達到的目標及實現(xiàn)這一目標的方法、途徑等所有活動的過程。2.強化因素：又稱加強因素，是激勵行為維持、發(fā)展或減弱的因素。3.促成因素：又稱實現(xiàn)因素，是指促使某種行為動機或愿望得以實現(xiàn)的因素，即實現(xiàn)某行為所必需的技術(shù)和資源，包括保健設(shè)施、醫(yī)務(wù)人員、論據(jù)、醫(yī)療費用、交通工具、個人保健技術(shù)；行政的重視與支持，法律政策等也可歸結(jié)為促成因素。4.形成評價：是一個為健康教育/健康促進計劃設(shè)計和發(fā)展提供信息的過程，包括在計劃設(shè)計階段進行的目標人群需求評估、政策、環(huán)境、資源評估等，其目的在于使計劃符合目標人群的實際情況，使計劃更科學(xué)、更完善。5.不設(shè)對照組的前后測試：是評價方案中最簡單的一種，它的基本思想是通過比較目標人群在項目實施前和實施后有關(guān)指標的情況，反映健康教育/健康促進項目的效應(yīng)與結(jié)局，通常以EOXO來表示。 1.自我導(dǎo)向?qū)W習(xí)法：自我導(dǎo)向?qū)W習(xí)法是指個體無論在有沒有他人協(xié)助下，以個人責任為出發(fā)點，主動診斷自己的健康需求，形成學(xué)習(xí)目標，應(yīng)用人、物等資源，選擇、安排、執(zhí)行適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)計劃，評估自己的學(xué)習(xí)成果，以達到自我實現(xiàn)健康目標的學(xué)習(xí)方式。簡單地說，自我導(dǎo)向?qū)W習(xí)法是學(xué)習(xí)者自動自發(fā)自我負責的學(xué)習(xí)。2.健康管理：是對個體或群體的健康進行全面監(jiān)測、分析、評估、提供健康咨詢和指導(dǎo)以及對健康危險因素進行干預(yù)的全過程。3.醫(yī)院健康教育（廣義、狹義）：醫(yī)院健康教育泛指各級、各類醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)和人員在臨床實踐的過程中伴隨醫(yī)療保健活動而實施的健康教育。狹義的醫(yī)院健康教育，又稱臨床健康教育或患者健康教育，是以病人為中心，針對到醫(yī)院接受保健服務(wù)的患者及其家屬所實施的有目的、有計劃的系統(tǒng)健康教育活動，其教育目標是針對患者個人的健康狀況和疾病特點，通過健康教育實現(xiàn)疾病控制，促進身心康復(fù)，提高生活質(zhì)量。廣義的醫(yī)院健康教育，是以健康為中心，以醫(yī)療保健機構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)，為改善患者及其家屬、社區(qū)成員和醫(yī)院職工的健康相關(guān)行為所進行的有組織、有計劃、有目的的教育活動。4.患者教育程序：是指健康教育者運用健康教育原理和方法，有計劃地對教育對象開展健康教育，通常分為教育需求評估、教育診斷、教育計劃制定、實施教育活動和教育效果評價5個步驟。5.社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)：是城市社區(qū)建設(shè)的重要組成部分是在政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和社區(qū)參與、上級衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)指導(dǎo)下，以基層衛(wèi)生機構(gòu)為主體，合理使用社區(qū)資源和適宜技術(shù)，以人的健康為中心、家庭為單位、社區(qū)為范圍、需求為導(dǎo)向，以婦女、兒童、老年人、慢性病人、醫(yī)療、保健、康復(fù)、健康教育、計劃生育技術(shù)服務(wù)等六位為一體的有效、經(jīng)濟、方便、綜合、連續(xù)的基層衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。 1.工作場所健康促進：是指以教育、組織、法律（政策）和經(jīng)濟學(xué)手段，干預(yù)工作場所對健康有害的行為，生活方式和環(huán)境，以促進健康。2.社區(qū)健康促進：是指通過健康教育和社會支持，改變個體和群體行為、生活方式和環(huán)境影響，降低社區(qū)的發(fā)病率和死亡率，提高社區(qū)人民的健康水平和生活質(zhì)量。3.學(xué)校健康促進：是學(xué)校健康教育基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的，強調(diào)通過學(xué)校我、家長和學(xué)校所屬社區(qū)內(nèi)所有成員的共同努力，給學(xué)生提供完整的、有益的經(jīng)驗和知識結(jié)構(gòu)，包括設(shè)置正式和非正式的健康教育課程，創(chuàng)造安全、健康的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，提供合適的健康服務(wù)，動員家庭和社區(qū)更廣泛的參與，共同促進師生健康。4.體重指數(shù)：是評價體重的指標，簡稱BMI，它是一種計算身高比體重的指數(shù)，即體重（kg）除以身高(m)的平方。5.突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件：是指豁然發(fā)生、造成或者可能造成社會公眾健康嚴重損害的重大傳染病、群體性原因不明疾病、重大食物和職業(yè)中毒以及其他嚴重影響公眾健康的事件。"If we dont do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it; we need the courage to do it."His comments came hours after Fifa vice-president Jeffrey Webb - also in London for the FAs celebrations - said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his complaint.CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been "exaggerated" by the Ivorian and the British media.Blatter, 77, said: "It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them."It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense."We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination."This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football."The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the "racist behaviour of their fans" duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there