英語“現(xiàn)在完成時課件(共14張PPT)

* * *現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時* * * 現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have（has）+過去分詞過去分詞構(gòu)成構(gòu)成其否定句在其否定句在Have/has后加后加not. 一般疑問句把一般疑問句把have/has提到主語前提到主語前. 動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過去時一樣）動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過去時一樣） 不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化：不規(guī)則變化： am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken come-came-come run- ran run become-became-become1。表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,例如例如I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了衣服干凈了”）I have just had my breakfast. (對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓)通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞 just（剛剛）（剛剛）, already（已經(jīng)）（已經(jīng)）, before, yet（一般疑問：已經(jīng)；否定句：（一般疑問：已經(jīng)；否定句：還）還） never, ever等狀語連用等狀語連用 I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. 2。表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也。表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。通常和可以表示實質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。通常和 for（段時間）（段時間）, since（點時間）（點時間） 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用.以以及及 so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years 等連用。等連用。I have been here for just over two years. He has worked here since 1989. 從從1989年，年， I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意點一：注意點一：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時間狀語連用。間狀語連用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 試比較：試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒）在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）動作發(fā)生的時間在過去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我我“現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）Put the following sentences into English.1. A: 火車已經(jīng)開走了火車已經(jīng)開走了. B: 什么時候開走的什么時候開走的? A: 半個小時之前開走的半個小時之前開走的.2. A: 這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了. B: 你在哪兒買的你在哪兒買的? A: 在我老家買的在我老家買的.3. A: 你看過這部電影嗎你看過這部電影嗎? B: 看過看過. A: 什么時候看的什么時候看的. B: 上周星期天看的上周星期天看的.A: The train has left.B: When did it leave.A: It left half an hour ago.A: have you seen the film?B: Yes, I have.A: When did you see it?B: I saw it last Sunday.A: Ive had the book for two years.B: Where did you buy it?A: I bought it in my hometown.注意點二、非延續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時注意點二、非延續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：動詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞have，keep等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。他入黨五年了。他入黨五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the Party電影開始五分鐘了。電影開始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換come/go be (in) leave be away borrow keep buy havedie be dead get to know know begin be on go out be offgo out be off arrive be here/there marry/get married (to) be married (to)begin to work/study/live work/study/leavefall asleep/get to sleep be asleepjoin the Party be in the Party/be a member of( )( )( )( )( )( )( )( )I have bought a new dictionary for a week. I have had a new dictionary for a week.我買一本新詞典已有一星期了。我買一本新詞典已有一星期了。They have come here for two days.They have been here for two days.他們來這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。他們來這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。He has joined the League member for two years.He has been a League member for two years.他已入團兩年了。他已入團兩年了。The man has been dead for several years.The man has died for several years.這個人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。這個人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( )2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( )A B CA B CB kept B been on3. 這輛自行車我買了兩年了。這輛自行車我買了兩年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.6. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been illhad forhas been away fromhas been deadD注意點三：注意點三：have been in, have been to 與與have gone to 的用法的用法1、have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多長時間）在某地（多長時間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用，例如：等連用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城?，旣悘奈慈ミ^長城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。3、have (has) gone to 意為意為“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：中?？傊?，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。約翰遜到倫敦去了。練習(xí)：用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空A: Where _1_ Li Fei _1_?B: He _2_ to Hainan Island.A: How long _3_ he _3_ there?B: He _4_ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _5_ never _5_ there.A: How many times _6_ Li Fei _6_ to that place?B: He _7_ there only once. 用括號中所給的動詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。用括號中所給的動詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange.4. We _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Yes, he _ (teach) us English for two years.7. I _(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?8. What _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them.9. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I dont know.10. My father _ (read) the novel twice.11. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year.12. The students _(study) in the middle school since last month.13. How long _ you _(know) him?14. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.15. I _(give) my friend a nice book recently.16. Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see) the old man three times.17. _ she ever _(teach) you English?18. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.