2019高考英語一輪復(fù)習練習題 Unit 1 Great Scientists（含解析）新人教版必修5.doc

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Great Scientists 一、閱讀理解 閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 "Breakfast is the most important meal of the day," reports the Daily Mail, claiming that "skipping it increases your chances of a heart attack." The study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Circulation, was carried out by researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School. It was funded by the US National Institutes of Health and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. This study followed 26,902 male American dentists, vets, pharmacists(藥劑師), optometrists, osteopaths and podiatrists(足療師) aged between 45 and 82 years old for 16 years. To be fit for the study, the men could not have a history of cancer, coronary heart disease, heart attack or stroke. The population being studied was also extremely limited — professional men who were almost white. More research in women and other groups is needed for us to learn more about breakfast and heart health. After tracking a large group of middle-aged and older male American health professionals, studying their eating habits and their risk of developing coronary heart disease for 16 years, it found that men who reported skipping breakfast had a 27% higher risk of coronary heart disease than men who ate breakfast. Men who regularly were addicted to a "midnight snack" were found to have a 55% higher risk of coronary heart disease than men who didn’t. However, no association was seen between eating frequency (number of meals per day) and the risk of coronary heart disease. This could suggest that it is the timing of meals rather than the frequency that has a bigger influence on heart health. But because of the design of this study, a direct cause and effect relationship between breakfast and health cannot be proved. While the researchers attempted to take certain lifestyle factors into account, it could be the case that people who take time to have a regular breakfast also tend to have healthier lifestyles. 1.What is the passage mainly discussing? A. Heart disease risk is higher in men who skip breakfast. B. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. C. Many professionals took part in the research. D. Some people have a preference for midnight snacks. 2.If you want to be a participant . A. you must be an American dentist B. you should contact Circulation C. you should be over 50 years old D. you must be free from some diseases 3.A person who prefers to have midnight snacks . A. may have a higher risk of coronary heart disease B. may have a habit of skipping breakfast C. may have less than three meals a day D. may eat more frequently than others 4.According to the passage, we can know . A. a regular breakfast will cost a lot of time B. more research should be done about breakfast and health C. the researchers must have developed healthy lifestyles D. only a few people focus on healthy lifestyles 【文章大意】本文重點說明了早餐的重要性。由美國哈佛公共衛(wèi)生學院等機構(gòu)對26 902名年齡在45—82歲之間的美國男性公民的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常不吃早餐的人突發(fā)心臟病的風險比吃早餐的人高27%。 1.A 【解析】考查主旨大意。作者在文中主要講述了一項新的研究結(jié)果, 即經(jīng)常不吃早餐的人突發(fā)心臟病的風險比吃早餐的人高。 故選A項。 2.D 【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章第三段的內(nèi)容可知，要想?yún)⑴c這項研究,參與者要具備以下條件：男性；醫(yī)務(wù)工作者；年齡在45—82歲；沒有癌癥、冠心病、心臟病發(fā)作或中風病史。故選D項。 3.A 【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常吃夜宵的男性比不吃夜宵的男性患冠心病的風險高55%。故選A項。 4.B 【解析】考查推理判斷。依據(jù)文章尾段的"because of the design of this study, a direct cause and effect relationship between breakfast and health cannot be proved"可知，由于研究的設(shè)計方案問題，不能證明早餐對健康的直接影響。故選B項。 二、教材與語法填空 根據(jù)教材課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 John Snow, a wellknown doctor in London, became 1. (inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who 2. (expose) to cholera, a 3. (dead) disease of its day. Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak 4. no one knew the cause of it. John wanted to help solve the problem. He got interested in two theories 5. (explain) how cholera killed people. He believed in the second theory that suggested that people 6. (absorb) the disease with their meals. In 1854, 7. another outbreak hit London, he was ready to test the two 8. (theory). 9. the help of the map he made, he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10. (blame)． 答案：1.inspired　2.were exposed　3.deadly　4.because 5．explaining　6.absorbed　7.when　8.theories　9.With 10．to blame 三、完形填空 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 That was a sunny day.My father and I were on the way __1__ my uncles home.People on the street were walking leisurely and chatting __2__ ，while my father was walking in a hurry.I tried my best to __3__ him.But I was still left behind.I could not understand why he __4__ so fast.Due to the fast speed，I lost my __5__ and was pletely with sweat.Somehow，I began to be angry at him.He always did not think about my__6__. “Why do you walk so fast? Dont you see me behind you？”I said __7__.“You are always like this.Why must you __8__ so loudly？”he said and his face got red right away.In fact，I deliberately spoke loudly and made him angry.“It is your __9__ ！”I shouted at him immediately.“You always like to __10__ others！”he cried out.This made me fall into a rage(憤怒)．Then we __11__ on the street.Whatever he said，I quickly answered back.At that time，I was like a wild beast，losing my temper.Many people stopped to look at us.I was so __12__ that I could feel my face burning，for I saw some people __13__ me，which made me lose face.I touched my face __14__ glared at him.“I will never talk to him，”I said to myself angrily. __15__ could make people forget everything that your beloved had done for you.When I went to college，I still hated him.I did not say anything to him，__16__ I were not his daughter.Always I pretended to plain that I was too__17__ when he called me.However，it was his tears from the wornout__18__ that made me feel guilty when we met.He had given me everything he had，but I could not.__19__ ，I realized that I should not hate him. Now I begin to phone him and ask him to take care of himself.Although sometimes parents will __20__ wrong，they just hope we can be better. 1．A.at　　　　　　　 B．to C．for D．of 2．A.perfectly B．eagerly C．a(chǎn)nxiously D．enjoyably 3．A.make fun of B．catch up with C．make way for D．get rid of 4．A.walked B．ran C．started D．trained 5．A.temper B．confidence C．breath D．balance 6．A.beliefs B．behavior C．feelings D．requests 7．A.calmly B．frequently C．softly D．loudly 8．A.tell B．claim C．read D．speak 9．A.fault B．cruelty C．origin D．business 10．A.enjoy B．a(chǎn)dmire C．blame D．a(chǎn)buse 11．A.fought B．bargained C．consulted D．quarreled 12．A.alarmed B．a(chǎn)fraid C．a(chǎn)shamed D．a(chǎn)mazed 13．A.asking for B．laughing at C．waiting for D．a(chǎn)iming at 14．A.and B．so C．but D．or 15．A.Anger B．Sense C．Care D．Shame 16．A.in case B．a(chǎn)s if C．unless D．a(chǎn)fter 17．A.wrong B．crazy C．busy D．innocent 18．A.arm B．face C．head D．body 19．A.Naturally B．Occasionally C．Obviously D．Gradually 20．A.do B．give C．find D．keep 【解題導(dǎo)語】作者因一件小事和父親在大街上爭吵，致使自己顏面盡失，于是下定決心不再與父親說話。但隨著歲月的流逝，作者意識到是憤怒讓自己忘記了自己最愛的人為自己所做的一切，于是逐漸改變了自己對父親的態(tài)度。 1．B　根據(jù)語境可知，作者與父親是在去叔叔家的路上。on the way to...意為“在去……的路上”，符合語境。故選B項。 2．D　該句中while表示對比，意為“然而”。此處是說作者和父親走得比較匆忙，而街上的其他人走得比較悠閑，邊走邊開心地(enjoyably)聊著天。故選D項。perfectly意為“完美地”；eagerly意為“急切地”；anxiously意為“焦慮地”。 3．B　從下文的I was still left behind可知，父親走得很快，作者試圖趕上他，但是仍然被落在了后面。catch up with意為“趕上”，符合語境。故選B項。make fun of意為“取笑”；make way for意為“給……讓路”；get rid of意為“擺脫……；除去……”。 4．A　根據(jù)第二段開頭的Why do you walk so fast？可知，此處指作者不知道為什么父親走(walked)得那么快。故選A項。 5．C　根據(jù)空后的pletely with sweat可知，由于走得太快，作者氣喘吁吁、汗流浹背。lose ones breath意為“喘不過氣來”，符合語境。故選C項。temper意為“脾氣”；confidence意為“信心”；balance意為“平衡”。 6．C　根據(jù)上文中的I began to be angry at him可知，作者對父親很生氣，認為他根本不考慮作者的感受(feelings)。故選C項。belief意為“信念”；behavior意為“行為；舉止”；request意為“請求；要求”。 7．D　上文提到作者很生氣，所以說話的聲音應(yīng)該是很大的。根據(jù)第8空后的so loudly也可知答案。故選D項。calmly意為“平靜地”； frequently意為“頻繁地”；softly意為“溫柔地”。 8．D　根據(jù)下文的In fact，I deliberately spoke loudly and...可知，此處指父親埋怨作者說話聲音大。故選D項。 9．A　作者責怪父親走太快，自己跟不上，因此，此處指作者認為這都是父親的過錯(fault)。故選A項。cruelty意為“殘忍”；origin意為“起源”；business意為“事情；商業(yè)”。 10．C　作者在埋怨父親，而此時父親也非常生氣。因此，父親在說作者總是責備(blame)別人。故選C項。enjoy意為“喜歡”；admire意為“欣賞”；abuse意為“虐待；濫用”。 11．D　根據(jù)下文Whatever he said，I quickly answered back.At that time, I was like a wild beast，losing my temper.可知，作者大發(fā)脾氣，與父親在大街上吵了起來，所以選quarreled，意為“爭吵”。fight意為“打架”；bargain意為“討價還價”；consult意為“咨詢”。 12．C　根據(jù)空后的I could feel my face burning可知，和父親吵架引來很多路人駐足觀看，作者感覺自己的臉滾燙，因此可推斷，作者感到羞愧(ashamed)。alarmed意為“擔憂的；恐慌的”；afraid意為“害怕的”；amazed意為“驚奇的”。 13．B　由空后的made me lose face可知，作者覺得很丟人，因為看到路人在嘲笑她。laugh at意為“嘲笑”，符合語境。故選B項。ask for意為“請求；要求”；wait for意為“等待”；aim at意為“針對；以……為目標”。 14．A　句意為：我摸了摸我的臉，怒視著他。touched和glared是作者先后做的兩個并列的動作，所以用and連接。 15．A　文中反復(fù)提到angry，通過對與父親吵架的描述可知，此處指生氣能讓人忘記你所愛的人為你做的一切。故選A項。 16．B　設(shè)空后的I were not his daughter為虛擬語氣，作者因怒生恨，吵架后不與父親說話，就好像自己不是父親的女兒似的。as if意為“好像”，符合語境。in case意為“以防”；unless意為“除非”；after意為“在……之后”。 17．C　父親每次打電話時，作者總是抱怨太忙。busy意為“忙碌的”，符合語境。故選C項。wrong意為“錯誤的”；crazy意為“瘋狂的”；innocent意為“無辜的”。 18．B　眼淚應(yīng)該是從臉上流下來，所以選face。句意為：但是，當我們見面時，父親那飽經(jīng)滄桑的臉上流下的淚水使我感到內(nèi)疚。 19．D　根據(jù)空后的I realized that I should not hate him可知，作者越來越理解父親，認識到不應(yīng)該再恨父親，此處強調(diào)的是一個心理逐漸變化的過程。gradually意為“慢慢地；逐漸地”，符合語境。故選D項。naturally意為“自然地”occasionally意為“偶然”；obviously意為“明顯地”。 20．A　盡管有時候父母會做錯事，但是他們希望我們能更好。此處指可能會做錯事，所以選A項。 四、教材與話題寫作 (Ⅰ)用本單元所學知識完成下列句子。 1．居里夫人(Curie)出生在波蘭華沙(Warsaw，Poland)，年輕時在巴黎上大學。在那里她遇見了她的丈夫。(attend) 答案：Madame Curie was born in Warsaw, Poland. She went to attend college in Paris as a young lady and there she met her husband. 2．他們專注于放射性物質(zhì)的研究，這使他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了鐳(radium)。(be absorbed in; lead to) 答案：They were absorbed in the research into radioactive matter and this led to the discovery of radium. 3．他們提出了一些有關(guān)放射性的新理論。(put forward) 答案：They put forward some new theories about radioactivity. 4．1903年，他們獲得了諾貝爾獎。(award) 答案：In 1903, they were awarded the Nobel Prize. 5．居里夫人對科學發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻，但是她不看重金錢和名聲。(make great contributions to; make no sense) 答案：Madame Curie made great contributions to the development of science, but money and reputation made no sense to her. (Ⅱ)將以上句子連成短文，要求銜接連貫、過渡自然。 五、下面是李華的一篇作文，文中有五處錯誤，改正錯誤并背誦該文。 Born in Warsaw, Poland, Madame Curie went to attend a college in Paris as a young lady, where she met her husband. They were absorbed in the research into radioactive matter, that led to the discovery of radium. Meanwhile, they put forward some new theory about radioactivity. In 1903, they awarded the Nobel Prize. Madame Curie made great contribution to the development of science, but money and reputation made no sense to her. 答案： Born in Warsaw, Poland, Madame Curie went to attend college in Paris as a young lady, where she met her husband. They were absorbed in the research into radioactive matter, led to the discovery of radium. Meanwhile, they put forward some new about radioactivity. In 1903, they awarded the Nobel Prize. Madame Curie made great to the development of science, but money and reputation made no sense to her.