嘻哈文化對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的意義和影響

i嘻哈文化對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的意義和影響摘摘 要要作為 20 世紀(jì)美國(guó)最后的草根藝術(shù)，20 世紀(jì) 70 年代出現(xiàn)的美國(guó)嘻哈文化如今已經(jīng)成為全球性文化。從歐洲到亞洲，從非洲到美洲，隨處可見一群穿著肥碩的褲子，身體隨節(jié)奏靈活律動(dòng)，嘴上不停喊話的嘻哈青年。嘻哈文化作為反抗主流社會(huì)的隔離和歧視、表達(dá)黑人青年真實(shí)生活狀態(tài)和自我認(rèn)同的載體，對(duì)當(dāng)代美國(guó)黑人青年的成長(zhǎng)具有重要意義。本文通過(guò)分析嘻哈文化的產(chǎn)生背景，即黑人受壓迫的美國(guó)社會(huì)，淺析嘻哈文化的價(jià)值所在，幫助黑人解放天性，以及嘻哈文化對(duì)美國(guó)黑人的影響。嘻哈文化融入在美國(guó)黑人的生活之中，這些影響主要表現(xiàn)在行為、語(yǔ)言、心理上，美國(guó)黑人開始參與社會(huì)事務(wù)、創(chuàng)造俚語(yǔ)、自我認(rèn)同感逐漸增強(qiáng)。關(guān)鍵詞：嘻哈文化；美國(guó)黑人；價(jià)值；影響iiThe Significance and Influence of Hip-Hop Culture for African AmericansABSTRACTThe American hip-hop culture which emerged from the 1970s has now become a global culture. There are a group of hip-hop youth that wears fat pants rocking their body all over the world. As resistance to discrimination and isolation in mainstream society, hip-pop could show the real life of black people. We could conclude that hip-hop is important to Negro in American. Through the analysis of the background of hip-hop culture, and the oppression of black people. the paper analyzes the value of hip-hop culture, and the influence of hip-hop culture on black Americans. Hip-hop culture has been gradually integrated into the lives of black Americans. And the influences are mainly manifested in behavior, language and psychology. Black Americans began to participate in social affairs, create slang, and gradually strengthen their sense of identity.Keywords: Hip-hop culture; African Americans; Value; impactTable of Contents摘摘 要要.iiiABSTRAST.ivI. Introduction.11.1 Research background and Significance.11.1.1 Research background .11.1.2 Significance of the hip-pop culture.31.2 Introduction to hip-hop culture .41.2.1 The background of hip-hop culture.41.2.2 The origin of hip-hop culture.51.2.3 The manifestation of hip-hop culture.6. The value of hip-hop culture .72.1 The significance of the emergence of hip-hop culture.72.2 The spiritual power of hip-hop Culture.72.3 The rebellious spirit against the mainstream society .9. The influence of hip-hop culture on black Americans.103.1 The effect on behavior.103.2 The effect on language.123.3 The effect on mentality .14. Conclusion.17References .18Acknowledgments.19I. IntroductionAs an immigrant country, the United States has continuously absorbed the culture of different nationalities in the history of the country for more than 200 years, and has become one of the most culturally diverse countries in the world, In American society, as an enslaved race, black people were excluded from the mainstream for a long time. Therefore, black culture was also looked down upon and ignored for ages. Even since 20 centuries, America has risen up, and replaced Europe as the global superpower. As of now, the scandal about racial discrimination in American society is still endless. In various ethnic groups in the United States, different ethnic groups hold different political and economic resources and social status. Although ethnic minorities have had almost equal political status with white people in recent years, the economic treatment and educational resources enjoyed by ethnic minorities are still Much less than white people.The hip-hop culture in the United States is not just funk or R&B. It is a special cultural product of a special era. In this culture, we can see break dance and graffiti. Many people think that hip-hop culture is essentially a complaint of social unfairness and a manifestation of their own personality. Hip-hop culture reflects the lack of its own reality of pain and anger. Hip-hop culture is not an isolated phenomenon. It is a bottom-up grassroots cultural movement. We can say hip-hop culture profoundly changes the black American life. Through the analysis of the background of hip-hop culture, the paper analyzes the value of hip-hop culture, and the influence of hip-hop culture on black Americans. 1.1 Research Background and Significance1.1.1 Research BackgroundFrom the beginning of the 20th century, the Negro cultural movement flourished. There are three black cultural movements in America. For instance, Harlem Renaissance took place in 1920s. And Black Arts-movement happened in 1970s. What is more, Hip-hop Culture occurred in 1970s. These three cultural movements reflected the vitality of black culture and had a great influence on American history, especially hip-pop culture. It used to be the music dance which was performed by a small number of black youth in the street. And now it develops into a global culture. American youth, especially the black community, are deeply influenced by hip-hop culture in terms of language, thought and behavior. They are called “hip-hop generation”.To better understand hip-hop culture, many scholars have conducted in-depth research. In the domestic research, Wu Yan (2011) focused on the black rap culture, analyzed the influence and value of rap music on African Americans. She believes that rap music has become a tool for black people to fight against injustice. Chen Min (2012) believes that black American youth is all influenced by hip-hop culture in language, psychology and behavior, and become a new generation of American youth group with unique language, identity and values. In overseas studies, Addison Gayle has shown that black art is deeply rooted in African American anger. In Clays survey of the surveyors, he found that in the activities of hip-hop culture, the surveyors feel the respect and positive response from others, which are exactly what the black youth urgently needs in the long-term social discrimination. Domestic and foreign research have emphasized the liberating effect of hip-hop culture on the nature of black Americans, making them more united and positive.1.1.2 Significance of the hip-pop cultureHip-hop culture is rooted in the African-American community. It is an umbrella term for street culture with many elements, including dance, music, DJ, rap, graffiti, costumes and so on. Hip-hop culture is part of the street culture. And it reflects the casual attitude towards life. They wear distinctive clothes and behave strangely. Even if they do not know each other can they be identified by their appearance and behavior.Hip-hop culture is a kind of life attitude derived from the primitive tribes of Africa. It is not a simple combination of DJ, MC, graffiti, street dance and other major elements. After more than 30 years of development, it has become a worldwide cultural phenomenon, lifestyle and spiritual symbol. Hip-hop culture represents a sense of life that enjoys life, displays individuality, expresses freely, and dares to challenge. Everyone living in it is constantly exploring and mastering various hip-hop skills. In order to allow more people to hear or see their talents, African Americans continue to break through the limitations of life, thus making the whole hip-hop culture livelier.Firstly, the essence of hip-hop culture lies in its subject-matter. Hip-hop culture is the culture of the bottom people, paying attention to the joys and sorrows of the real experience of the underlying black groups. This is unmatched by other cultures. Secondly, it is its manifestation. The expressiveness of hip-hop culture is also characterized by sensibility, straightforwardness and a long-repressed intensity. This is related to the tension, contradiction and feedback that bottom people often experience in the life. It is also unacceptable to those who admire “The Spring Snow”. Thirdly, it is its belief that hip-hop cultures pursuit of fairness and freedom, the concern for true life, and the respects for ordinary people are revolutionary. The original meaning of hip-hop culture is that poor African Americans use special words and deeds and lifestyles to express their dissatisfaction with social unfair treatment and racial discrimination. Therefore, the spirit and most of the hip-hop culture are not accepted by the government and mainstream society. With the progress of society and the improvement of the status of black people, and in order to promote and allow more people to accept the hip-hop culture, the African American community began to create new ways to continue the survival and development of hip-hop culture. Nowadays, hip-hop culture is not only synonymous with the black people at the bottom of the United States, but also a symbol of young vitality and passionate fighting. According to the current development trend, hip-hop culture will have greater influence.1.2 Introduction to hip-hop culture1.2.1 The background of hip-hop cultureIn the 1970s in New York, disco music prevailed. The upper class dressed up to go to the disco. The whole world thought that New York was a paradise.In contrast, people in the Bronx, New York, lived in dire straits. The number of fires in a single year was as high as 12,300. The living environment was like a besieged war zone. It has always been a famous slum in New York. Since 1960, the main residents have been black or Hispanic. Although the civil rights movement in the United States has been very popular in recent years, at present, the black people in the United States enjoy less educational resources and job opportunities than white people. In the United States, black people are engaged in a variety of low-end jobs, the poor. The blacks in the region are rarely able to change their own destiny through their own efforts.These areas were the places where whites left behind in the purchase of new homes in the suburbs. Whites lived in big cities. Blacks could only live in a stagnant area. The future was bleak. Black people listened to their music and did their own things in a difficult environment. There were rebellious voices that came out of these areas from time to time. Hip-hop music was born in this context.1.2.2 The origin of hip-hop cultureThe original purpose of hip hop was to find the identity of the African American community. This is because in the social background of racial discrimination against the black ethnic groups at that time, the US economy was in a recession. They were plagued by problems such as poverty, hunger, disease, and drugs. So at this time, a lot of poor blacks were idle, bored dancing and singing in the streets. Of course, there were some people with music and dance talents. It was because they were inspired by freedom that dancing and singing became easy. The form was not limited and creative, so there were some different forms of works that slowly emerged under free play.In the mid and late 1970s, the culture was gradually commercialized and packaged. And the entertainment that was originally prevalent in the poor blacks became a popular element of commercialization and was gradually accepted by the public. In the next decade, the global economic crisis emerged and the tide of industrialization swept the world, most of the unemployed appearing in the United States. The unemployment rate continued to rise, leading to the retrogression of the countrys economic development and human suffering. Among them, the people who are most affected are the bottom people and people cant bear the pain. Therefore, in this environment, hip-hop culture has become more popular in the United States as a tool for expressing inner thinking.1.2.3 The manifestation of hip-hop cultureThe hip-hop culture was born in the United States in 1970. Its birthplaces include Harlem, New York, Brooklyn and the lower Bronx. It includes MC (rap), DJ (disc), street dance and graffiti. These four elements involve visual language, body language and music language, and they are the initial expressions of hip-hop culture. In the later development process, hip-hop culture gradually became more diverse, and there were street basketball, extreme sports and so on. It was widely praised by African Americans.MC (rap) refers to “speaking or yelling rhyming lyrics accompanied by strong rhythms”, including old and new rap, gangster rap, hard-core rap, trap rap, jazz rap, etc. There are some unique words in the rap circle, such as fiow: showing the style of the individual, battle: a common way of competition in the match, freestyle: an impromptu rap.DJ (disc) refers to the form of making a vocal music by rotating a dish in music. The DJ resonates with two unrelated songs in the form of two discs connected to different devices and then performed in it. The value of hip-hop culture on back2.1 The significance of the emergence of hip-hop cultureThe origin of hip-hop music itself is due to the injustices of socially disadvantaged groups who want to resist society. But what is ridiculous is that a large number of African Americans have earned money to live the life they want through their talents for hip-hop culture. In fact, their increasingly persistent and beloved hip-hop culture not only brings them bread to make a living, but also has more value and meaning.Due to the special national conditions of the United States, African Americans cannot obtain satisfactory income and political status, so they will spend too much energy on dance and rap. In the process of their conversation, they involuntarily applied rap to rebel and ridicule the discrimination and unfair treatment they encountered in their lives. This kind of interesting communication between black groups allows them to vent their dissatisfaction and seek more opportunities for cooperation. As one of the most representative American black culture, hip-hop culture leads the trend of world art culture with its unique artistic charm. 2.2 The spiritual Power of hip-hop CultureThe evolution of hip-hop culture is full of exploration and competition. It is undeniable that dance and music have fulfilled the hip-hop culture. If there are not so many people who love to dance, the blacks will not try to find a quality record; if there are no such group of thunderbolt boys, no one will think of extending the interval of the album; with the intermittent period, people naturally think of what to do. In this way, the hip-hop is gradually formed and improved in a process of competition and exploration.The reason why hip-hop culture can lead the trend of world pop music in just 30 years is because hip-hop music conforms to the value standard of most people in the United States - full of competition and fighting spirit. The American nation itself is not a secure population. They are very aggressive and competitive. They have a close relationship with the two world wars. The early hip-hop culture is relatively decent, but as time goes by, the competition becomes more and more fierce. Different styles of hip-hop culture singers often have differences, so they write these differences in the lyrics, making this culture full of irritation and contradiction. Although it is produced in black slums, it is this music full of descriptions of street life, dissatisfaction with social phenomena and groups, and the rappers very contagious expression, that an increasing number of people are involved and in love with this style.Secondly, if there are some competitive advantages in African Americans, it is definitely in terms of musical talent. “There is no doubt that no one on earth is so sensitive to music as they are.” Almost every kind of ceremony and activity, such as festivals, ceremonies and commemorations, will be accompanied by a suitable music. Although the black people have been slaves for centuries, they have not suppressed the musical enthusiasm. This fully demonstrates that the black ethnic group has a positive attitude and a quality that is not afraid of danger. Matter can be scarce, but spiritual enjoyment is indispensable. Black people are very smart. They dont waste their physical talents, but they use them all for their own welfare. Blacks with musical instruments can always enjoy better treatment than blacks who do not. At the same time, for the black people, spreading hip-hop culture is indeed a happy thing. All the depression and sufferings are integrated into the song. They are good at discovering the mystery from the subtleties, plus the talent of casual creation, so great works are created in this way.Therefore, hip-hop culture has important spiritual value for African Americans because of its unique cultural characteristics. African Americans face the harsh environment of reality and constantly update and create black culture.hip-hop culture is a true folk culture that originated from the people. It is no exaggeration to say that hip-hop culture has become one of the most important factors influencing the lives of contemporary African Americans.2.3 Have a rebellious spirit against the mainstream societyCompared with the black culture movement in the past, hip-hop culture shows a rebellious spirit against the mainstream society. First of all, hip-hop culture originated from the bottom black people. They lived in the urban slums, and they were marginalized in economic, political and social conditions. They were trapped in various social and political problems in the central cities of the United States. Therefore, the black people took the main art form of hip-hop music as a means of expressing the dissatisfaction and anger to the mainstream society. The Harlem Renaissance and the Black Culture Movement were initiated by black emerging middle-class intellectuals. The Harlem Renaissance was the result of the awakening of the middle-class black national consciousness in the formation of urban black settlements. The black elites strove to show a positive national image to the mainstream society. The black cultural movement was a cultural introspection movement for racial equality and self-identity of black intellectuals. It appeared in the American civil rights movement in the 1960s. Secondly, the hip-hop culture was oriented to the broad low-level black people at first. It is a cultural redemption to solve its own problems. The objects of the first two cultural movements were the white groups in the mainstream society. It is a cultural exploration for seeking relations with mainstream society. In terms of artistic expression, hip-hop culture has the greatest influence on rap music. This music is based on drums and oral traditions in West African culture, and adopts African music traditions to reflect pure African art. Although the former two cultural movements strove to innovate in form, they mainly used white literary forms to express black life, such as poetry, drama, and novels. They were black art dressed in white literature. It could be seen that compared with the previous two sports, hip-hop culture movement was the action of black people who used their own culture against the mainstream society in the face of reality. The influence of hip-hop culture on black Americans3.1 Effect on behaviorThe influence of hip-hop culture on African Americans is most intuitively manifested in their behavior. For black Americans, hip-hop culture can enrich their personal lives and let them find their own American dreams in their own world. At the same time, hip-hop culture can help black people find more common topics and languages in black groups. During the constant communication process, they may also find their own shortcomings and shortcomings. The civil rights movement in the United States has a long history, from the very beginning to the pursuit of black political freedom and legal equality to todays anti-discrimination. In such a process, African Americans now have a legally equal status, but the phenomenon of discrimination in society and the unreasonable distribution of resources have become a factor that cannot be ignored in the process of realizing their dreams.One of the most striking features of hip hop music is its critique of reality. In American hip-hop music, we often hear a lot about money, violence, crime, drugs, and sex. But hip-hop music is not all that is the case. At present, many hip-hop singers reflect popular topics in contemporary American society in their music works, such as unemployment, racial discrimination, unfair distribution of educational resources, and so on. In the United States, the influence of hip-hop music is getting deeper and deeper. It u