江蘇省鹽城市永豐初級中學(xué)八年級英語下冊 Unit 1語法課件 牛津版

GrammarReading Fill in the form.The changes in Sunshine TownIn the pastAt presentWhat we had / have in the townSome small _, shops, a _ and a _.A new _, a new _ and a large _.Water pollution A steel factory near the Sunshine River often put the _ into the river.The river is much _.restaurantspost officecinemaparkshopping malltheatrecleanerwasteReading Does Mr. Chen think life is better now than before? Why? Reading (1)How long has Mr Chen lived in Sunshine Town? (2)What has the government done to part of the town centre? (3)Why does Mr Chen think it is impossible to see his old friends as often as before?He has lived in Sunshine Town since he was bornThe government has turned part of the town centreinto a parkBecause most of his old friends have moved away.the preset perfect tense 現(xiàn)在完成時 Reading We use the simple past tense to talk about what happened at a definite time in the past.我們用一般過去時談?wù)撨^去某個時間里發(fā)生我們用一般過去時談?wù)撨^去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作。的動作。Past present Eddie was born four years ago.We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present我們用現(xiàn)在完成時談?wù)搫幼靼l(fā)生我們用現(xiàn)在完成時談?wù)搫幼靼l(fā)生在過去并將持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。在過去并將持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。 I have lived here since I was born. presentPastlived here when I was bornI still live hereWe use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and has a connection with the present.我們用現(xiàn)在完成時談?wù)摪l(fā)生在過去并與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，我們用現(xiàn)在完成時談?wù)摪l(fā)生在過去并與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，對現(xiàn)在造成影響和結(jié)果的事情。對現(xiàn)在造成影響和結(jié)果的事情。 Eddie has just eaten Hobos food. presentPastate Hobos foodHobo has nothing to eat.I have lost my mobile phone.(I lost my mobile phone, and now I have no mobile phone to use.)1.現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句句型現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句句型 2.主語（第一主語（第一, 二人稱單二人稱單, 復(fù)數(shù)）復(fù)數(shù)）+ have （第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)）（第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)） + have （第三人稱單數(shù)）（第三人稱單數(shù)） + has + 過去分詞過去分詞e.g.I have finished my homework.He has eaten six apples. They have seen that film. 2. 現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句句型 主語主語 + have / has + not + 過去分詞過去分詞 + has not = hasnthave not = havente.g.I have not finished my homework.He has not eaten six apples. They have not seen that film. 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型現(xiàn)在完成時的一般疑問句句型 Have / Has + 主語主語 + 過去分詞過去分詞 + ?Yes, 主語主語 + have / has.No, 主語主語 + have / has not.e.g.Have you finished your homework?Has he eaten six apples?Have they seen that film?brush your teethbrushed your teethA: Have you ? B: Yes, I have. I have No, I havent. I havent Lets practise read the book read the bookA: HAS SHE ?B: YES, SHE HAS. SHE HAS NO, SHE HASNT. SHE HASNThave PizzaA: HAVE THEY ?B: YES, THEY HAVE. THEY HAVE NO, THEY HAVENT. THEY HAVENThad PizzaRegular verbsIrregular verbsBase form Past participle Base form Past participlevisitvisitedhithitrepairrepairedputputlivelivedmeetmetmovemovedmakemadetrytriedsellsoldstudystudiedgivegivenfitfittedwritewrittenplanplannedthinkthought規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成1.大多數(shù)的動詞的過去分詞是規(guī)則的，只大多數(shù)的動詞的過去分詞是規(guī)則的，只需在動詞后加需在動詞后加-ed；例如：；例如： workworked listenlistened jumpjumped visitvisited2.在以在以-e結(jié)尾的動詞后只加結(jié)尾的動詞后只加-d；例如：；例如： closeclosed likeliked agreeagreed movemoved3.在以輔音字母加在以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)將結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)將y改改 為為i再加再加ed；例如：；例如： studystudied carrycarried trytried worryworried4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，要雙寫末尾 的輔音字母再加的輔音字母再加-ed；例如：；例如： stopstopped dropdropped Regular verbsIrregular verbsBase form Past participle Base form Past participlevisitvisitedhithitrepairrepairedputputlivelivedmeetmetmovemovedmakemadetrytriedsellsoldstudystudiedgivegivenfitfittedwritewrittenplanplannedthinkthought不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成1.有些動詞的有些動詞的原形和過去分詞相同；例如：原形和過去分詞相同；例如： putput hurthurt becomebecome runrun2.改變單詞中間元音字母；例如：改變單詞中間元音字母；例如： sitsat winwon holdheld3.把單詞結(jié)尾的字母把單詞結(jié)尾的字母d改為改為t；例如：；例如： lendlent spendspent sendsent還有些動詞的過去分詞是不規(guī)則的，需要還有些動詞的過去分詞是不規(guī)則的，需要特殊記憶。（課本第特殊記憶。（課本第122-123頁）頁）4.以以eep結(jié)尾的動詞，把結(jié)尾的動詞，把eep改為改為ept；例如：；例如： keepkept sleepslept 5. 過去分詞以過去分詞以aught或或ought結(jié)尾；例如：結(jié)尾；例如： teachtaught buybought 6.以以ay結(jié)尾的動詞，把結(jié)尾的動詞，把a(bǔ)y變成變成aid；例如：；例如： saysaid paypaid7.在原形詞尾加在原形詞尾加n或或en；例如：；例如： givegiven eateatenborrowedhopedmade got planned criedsentwatchedsaidgrewhitenjoyedWe also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.I have already read this book many times.We can use these time expressions with the present perfect tense. already yet ever never just recently since for1. already 已經(jīng)，常用于肯定句中。已經(jīng)，常用于肯定句中。 I have already seen the film. 我我已經(jīng)已經(jīng)看過這部電影了?？催^這部電影了。2. yet 1) 已經(jīng)，已經(jīng)，常用在疑問句中常用在疑問句中。 Has Linda read the book yet? 琳達(dá)琳達(dá)已已看過這本書了嗎看過這本書了嗎? 2) 還，仍然，常用于否定句和疑問句。還，仍然，常用于否定句和疑問句。 He has not begun to work yet. 他他還還未開始工作。未開始工作。3. ever 曾經(jīng)，主要用于疑問句曾經(jīng)，主要用于疑問句 Have you ever wanted to travel around the world? 你你曾經(jīng)曾經(jīng)想要周游世界嗎？想要周游世界嗎？4. never 從來沒有，表示否定從來沒有，表示否定 He has never seen such a tall building. 他他從未從未見過這么高的樓。見過這么高的樓。 5. just 剛剛，常用于肯定句中剛剛，常用于肯定句中 I have just finished lunch. 我我剛剛吃過午飯。吃過午飯。6. recently 不久前，最近不久前，最近 I havent seen them recently. 我我近來近來沒見過他們。沒見過他們。 Have you used it recently? 你你最近最近用過它么？用過它么？7. since 自自以來以來 for 多長時間多長時間(1)I have _ come back from the supermarket. (for, just, since)(2) I have _ been to Chendu. (for, never, ever)(3) He has worked there_he left school. (already, just, since)(4) She has known Sam_ nine years. (for, never, since)(5) Have you _ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)just neversincefor ever1. They _ (finish) their homework already.2. John _ never _ (visit) China.3. Mr Li _ (repair) over ten bicycles since Monday.4. We _ (not see) each other for years.5. My parents _ (come) back yet.6. Our teacher _ (teach) us a lot about the history of China.have finishedhave not comehas taughthave not seenhas repairedhas visitedAn exampleM: _ you _ (see) any films recently, Sandy?S: No, I havent. What about you?M: I _ (see) one last Saturday. S: Whats it about?M: Its about the changes in Beijing over the past century. From this film, I _ (learn) more about Beijings past and present.S: Oh, I think I _ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again.M: Yes, Id like to.Haveseensawhave learnthave heard1. Ive already had dinner. (否否) I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. (否否) He _ _ his homework _.3. Mum has cooked the dinner. (否否) Mum _ _ the dinner.4. I have done my homework. (疑疑) _ you done your homework _?5. I have ridden a horse. (疑疑) _ you _ ridden a horse?haventhadyethasnt finishedyet hasnt cooked將下列句子改為否定句或疑問句。將下列句子改為否定句或疑問句。Have yet Have ever Put the following sentences into English.1. 你已經(jīng)制作好生日賀卡了嗎？你已經(jīng)制作好生日賀卡了嗎？ _ _ _ making the birthday card _?2. 我已經(jīng)吃過早飯了，現(xiàn)在一點(diǎn)也不餓我已經(jīng)吃過早飯了，現(xiàn)在一點(diǎn)也不餓。 I _ _ _ breakfast, and now I am not hungry at all.3. 你這周日準(zhǔn)備做什么？你這周日準(zhǔn)備做什么？ 還沒決定。還沒決定。 What are you going to do this Sunday? I _ _ _. have already eatenHave you finishedyethavent decided yet 4. 你讀過你讀過哈利哈利波特波特這本書么？這本書么？ 是的，我已經(jīng)讀過好多遍了。是的，我已經(jīng)讀過好多遍了。 _ you _ the book Harry Porter? Yes, I _ _ _ it several times.5. 自從自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。年以來，他一直住在這兒。 He _ _ here since 1978. Have read have already read has livedTo preview Integrated skills on Pages 15 and 16To talk about the changes in your lifeReview the Grammar.Homework