高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法梳理 主謂一致20頁Word文檔

知識(shí)精講在英語的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。近幾年來，高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在語法一致、邏輯意義一致以及就近（遠(yuǎn)）一致原則等三個(gè)方面。一、語法一致原則只要確定句子的主語是單數(shù)意義，則謂語用單數(shù)，句子的主語意義復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。具體表現(xiàn)如下：1.不可數(shù)名詞作主語，一律視為單數(shù)。某些以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞作主語，仍視為單數(shù)。No news is good news.His task was to collect information.How much machinery has been installed?2.表示單一概念的動(dòng)名詞、不定式或句子作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet.3. “ one, either, neither, each of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語時(shí)， 謂語用單數(shù)。Either of the stories is very funny. 4.something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代詞作主語，謂語通常是單數(shù)。Nothing is impossible.5.表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量、數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，通?？醋饕粋€(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Ten pounds was missing from the box.6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量詞修飾名詞，通常以量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。 This pair of glasses is very expensive.Two series of new stamps have been ordered. 7.a number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，“許多”，復(fù)數(shù)意義；the number of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，“的數(shù)目”，單數(shù)意義。the population of“的人口數(shù)量”作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，但如果是分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、half of, the rest of the population 作主語時(shí)，具體指其中的多少人，復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語則用復(fù)數(shù)。the average of“的平均數(shù)量”，作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.The population of China is large and most of the population are farmers.8.主語后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要和這些短語前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。(因?yàn)閣ith等詞為介詞，其后跟的名詞只能是介賓，不可能充當(dāng)主語。)Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.9.“the adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)指一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果指?jìng)€(gè)別人或表示抽象的概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The disabled are well taken care of in this country.The dead in this accident was 20, a girl from Nanjing University. The new is certain to replace the old.10.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)其指代的含義確定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.11.當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)并列主語在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時(shí)，應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。另外，當(dāng)and 連接兩個(gè)形容詞去修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)形式的主語時(shí)，其實(shí)是指兩種不同的事物，主語則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù)， 那么謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)。War and peace is a constant theme in history. Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.英語中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有：iron and steel 鋼鐵law and order 治安bread and butter黃油面包a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表a knife and fork 一副刀叉a coat and tie 一件配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣aim and end 目的truth and honesty 真誠12.what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要取決于作表語的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.13.such 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)其意義而定。Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.14.quantities of 名詞作主語時(shí)，不論名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，謂語一律用復(fù)數(shù)。a quantity of 名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。a quantity of 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。 amounts of 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。an amount of 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Every day quantities of water are wasted. A large amount of damage has been done because of the floods.二、邏輯意義一致原則1.every /each/no 名詞and every/ each/ no 名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Every boy and every girl is having sports now.2.“one 單數(shù)名詞and a half”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。One apple and a half was on the table.3.“more than one 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。More than one student has failed the exam.4.“many a 單數(shù)名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Many a child was playing there.【注意】以上四種情況，如果從意義上來講，主語有復(fù)數(shù)意義，但由于名詞都是以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的，故謂語用單數(shù)形式，謂語形式上與主語的單數(shù)形式一致。三、就近（遠(yuǎn)）一致原則1.謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致。常出現(xiàn)在這類句子中的連詞有：or, notbut； eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut also 等。Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.2.在倒裝句中謂語可與后面最近的一個(gè)主語一致。In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.3.當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class.4.當(dāng)一個(gè)句子是由 there 或here引起，而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常和最靠近它的主語一致。Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.5.在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞如果在從句中作主語，依先行詞決定從句謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式；在“one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞who/that/which”引導(dǎo)的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是之前有the (only)等修飾語時(shí)，則從句中的動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.6.主語后面跟有“with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to”等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞要跟主語一致，即就遠(yuǎn)一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She like you and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.考點(diǎn)綜述動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞以及名詞性從句作主語時(shí)的主謂一致Most of what has been said about the Smiths_also true of the Johnsons.A.are B.is C.being D.to be【解析】答案為B。本題的主語是主語從句通?？醋鞑豢蓴?shù)，“most of”修飾主語從句依然是不可數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。one, either, neither, each等+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to goto university.So do I. A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped【解析】答案為B。本題的主語是“each”，“of the students”作后置定語，修飾“each”。由and連接并列主語時(shí)的主謂一致Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area_invited.A. were B. have been C. has been D. was【解析】答案為D。主語是“every boy and girl”表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且詢問昨晚的情況，有明確的過去時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)選擇“was”。A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A.is B.are C.was D.were【解析】答案為A。此題中“and”連接的第二個(gè)名詞“artist”前沒有加冠詞，說明指的是同一個(gè)人，應(yīng)為單數(shù)。定語從句中的主謂一致He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years. A.is B.are C.have been D.has been【解析】答案為D?！皌he only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”中的先行詞是“the only one”，定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，又結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語“for three years“可知應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。quantities of+名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A.is washing away B.is being washed awayC.are washing away D. are being washed away【解析】答案為D。一般講“quantities of“不論修飾可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the number of與a number of的區(qū)別As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_ rising these days.A.was keeping B.keep C.keeps D.were keeping【解析】答案為C。在“the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”中主語是“the number（數(shù)量）”，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，根據(jù)語境，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Nowadays,a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. A.is working B.works C.work D.worked【解析】答案為C。a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，根據(jù)語境和時(shí)間狀語Nowadays可知應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí)的主謂一致The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third_ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. A.is B.are C.was D.were【解析】答案為D?！皁ne-third”是指“20臺(tái)筆記本中的三分之一”，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；根據(jù)語境，前后是今昔對(duì)比的描述，空格處應(yīng)使用過去時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縚 of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifth; is B.Two fifth; areC.Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; are【解析】答案為C。分子大于“1”時(shí)，作分母的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，并且分?jǐn)?shù)修飾的是不可數(shù)名詞“l(fā)and”，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。倒裝句中的主謂一致At the foot of the mountain _. A.a village lie B.lies a villageC.does a village lie D.lying a village【解析】答案為B。這是一個(gè)全部倒裝的句子，主語是“a village”。On top of the books_the photo album youre looking for.A.is B.are C.has D.have 【解析】答案為A。作表語的介詞短語放在句首時(shí)，使用全部倒裝語序，句子的真正主語不是“books”，而是“the photo album”。表示抽象概念的名詞或詞組作主語時(shí)的主謂一致A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A.show; are B.shows; is C.show; is D.shows; are【解析】答案為B。主句中的主語是“A survey”為單數(shù)，后有“of”短語作定語分隔；從句中的主語是“threehours”，是表示時(shí)間段的名詞詞組，看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。一些單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞如作主語時(shí)的主謂一致Every possible means _to prevent the pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A.is used B.are usedC.has been used D.have been used【解析】C。答案為“means”前有“every”修飾，說明是單數(shù)；根據(jù)語境，此處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果或影響。由連詞“or， eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also，whetheror”等連接并列主語時(shí)的主謂一致（遵循就近一致原則）Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting. A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand outWe live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant. A.isB.are C.has been D.have been 【解析】答案為A。主語“time”和謂語動(dòng)詞之間插入了“of”短語作定語來迷惑考生，必須分析句子成分和結(jié)構(gòu)才能慧眼識(shí)別出主語為“the time”。The father as well as his three children_skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going【解析】答案為C。本題的主語是“father”，“as well as”短語是插入成分，其后的名詞不是主語的一部分。2009年1.（天津卷） Im trying to break the _ of getting up too late .A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure【答案】C【解析】句意：我試圖打破起床太晚這個(gè)習(xí)慣。 Tradition表示“傳統(tǒng)”；convenience表示“方便”；habit表示“習(xí)慣” ；leisure表示“消遣，娛樂”，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選C。2. （安徽卷）China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge【答案】A【解析】四個(gè)近義詞來區(qū)分.從句意及空格后面的介詞入手，表達(dá)“中國在上面有著較好的聲譽(yù)”應(yīng)接介詞for。influence后接on。impression后接on。knowledge后接of.3.(福建卷)The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without anywhen the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009. A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration 【答案】A【解析】delay：耽擱，延誤；effort：努力；schedule：時(shí)間表；consideration：考慮，體諒；關(guān)心。題干意思是：當(dāng)H1N1型2009年4月襲擊墨西哥時(shí)，世界衛(wèi)生組織毫不猶豫地向人們提出了警告。選A。4.(湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for _ building.A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)常識(shí)便可知運(yùn)動(dòng)既可增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)也可強(qiáng)健個(gè)性，不會(huì)增強(qiáng)尊敬或名聲，友誼可以增強(qiáng)，但與前面health不搭配，故答案為character。5.(湖北卷) In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a _ for everyone to stand up.A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)句意可知打鈴及老師合上書本，這是下課的暗示，選項(xiàng)中只能選擇signal。chance“機(jī)會(huì)”，mark“分?jǐn)?shù)，痕跡”，measure“方法，措施”。6.(江西卷)The _ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car.A. girls; Toms B. girls; Toms C. girls; Toms D. girls; Toms【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)題干后半部分的them可知對(duì)應(yīng)復(fù)數(shù)girls。7.(山東卷) He says that my new car is a _ of money. Dont you think those words are just sour grapes?A. lack B. load C. question D. waste 【答案】D【解析】lack缺乏；load負(fù)擔(dān)；question疑問；waste 浪費(fèi)；根據(jù)句意，尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案選D。8. (陜西卷) Form their _ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. A. stage         B. position            C. condition             D. situation【答案】B【解析】stage：舞臺(tái)，時(shí)期，階段；position：位置；condition：條件，情況；situation：形式，情況；情景；根據(jù)空前的物主代詞their可以推斷出此處選B。題干意思是：從他們?cè)陔娨曀敳康奈恢茫慰蛡兛梢愿玫乜吹竭@個(gè)城市的景色。9.(浙江卷)The system has been designed to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library. A. access B. passageC. wayD. approach【答案】A【解析】句意：人們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是為了讓學(xué)生快潔地使用圖書館的數(shù)字資源。 passage 意為 “文章；走廊”；way 是“方法、方式”； approach 也指“方式；接近”；access 指“入口、通路”，常和介詞to 連用，可知選A符合。10. (四川卷)The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was【答案】B【解析】A together with B作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞與A的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致；第二空為定語從句that指代Reading Skills，由于Reading Skills是書名所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。11.（湖南卷）Either you or one of your students _ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. are B. is C. have D. be 【答案】B【解析】Either or. 連接兩個(gè)主語，按就近原則來確定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)。One of your students 謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。12.（江蘇卷）The population of Jiangsu _    to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. A. has grown         B. have grown       C. grew        D. are growing【答案】A【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。population是集合名詞，或集體名詞，即看成一個(gè)整體，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。句子說的是江蘇現(xiàn)在的人口數(shù)量和以及增長，用完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。13.（江西卷）At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airport _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area.A. is B. are C. will be D. were【答案】A【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)at present =now 可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。14.(山東卷)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since1990. A. is B. are C. has been D. have been 【答案】C【解析】本題考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)，主語是 the number故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，又因時(shí)間狀語是since 2019所以用完成時(shí)態(tài)。15.（陜西卷）Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to【答案】A【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語中心詞是Dr. Smith，表單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；時(shí)間狀語是this summer，表計(jì)劃性的將來，故時(shí)態(tài)用一般將來時(shí)，選A。16.(四川卷)The teacher together with the students _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America. A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was 【答案】B【解析】A together with B作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞與A的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致；第二空為定語從句that指代Reading Skills，由于Reading Skills是書名所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。2019年1. (安徽卷)I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond .A.hearing B.strength C.recognition D.measure【答案】C【解析】 hearing意為“聽力”；strength意為“力氣；力量”；recognition意為“認(rèn)出；識(shí)別；認(rèn)識(shí)”；measure意為“測(cè)量；措施”。句意為“她變得認(rèn)不出來了?！?.(湖北卷)This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.A. division B. area C. range D. circle【答案】C【解析】此題不僅考察學(xué)生對(duì)于四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的認(rèn)知，更重要的是要理解句子的含義?！斑@家餐館越來越出名是由于它做的各種各樣的食物適應(yīng)各種類型的人群?！薄癮 range of ”強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)系列，而“a wide range of”意為“各種各樣的”。正好符合題意。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來講，這個(gè)句子屬于典型的“從句套從句”?！癴or”引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句。 3.(湖北卷)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.A.occupation B.furniture C.equipment D.accommodation【答案】D【解析】accommodation表示“住處”；occupation表示“占用”或者“工作，職業(yè)”；furniture表示“ 家具 ”；equipment表示“設(shè)備，器材”。正確答案D。4.(江蘇卷)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization【答案】B【解析】 表示名聲而expectation是期望的意思。contribution是貢獻(xiàn)的意思。civilization是文明的意思。5.（江西卷）Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a(n)of 40,000 per year.A. average B. number C. amountD. quantity【答案】A【解析】a number of 許多 amount of 一般加不可數(shù)名詞表金額, 既可以修飾可數(shù)也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。an average of表示“平均”的意思。6.(山東卷)Those who suffer from headache will find they get _ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter【答案】A【解析】句意應(yīng)為“那些頭痛的人會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這種藥物能使頭痛緩解?！彼訟項(xiàng)意義符合句意, relief 表示“緩解，減輕，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保險(xiǎn)”；defense 表示“防御，防護(hù)”； shelter表示“掩蔽，保護(hù)”。7.(天津卷)James took the magazines off the little table to make _ for the television.A. room B. area C. field D. position【答案】A【解析】make room for是固定搭配，意思是“為讓出空間”的意思，其中的room是不可數(shù)名詞。句意：詹姆斯把雜志從小桌子上拿下來，為電視機(jī)騰出空間來。8.(浙江卷)The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct _ . A. solution B. target C. measure D. function【答案】A【解析】四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：solution解決的方法；target目標(biāo)；measure措施；function功能。句意：學(xué)校老師幫助你分析問題，但是他們不會(huì)給你任何直接的解決方法。9.(湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，由此排除B、D兩項(xiàng)，根據(jù)主語與caused的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A項(xiàng)。10.(四川卷)Such poets as Shakespearewidely read,of whose works, however,somedifficult to understand.A.are；are B.is；is C.are；is D.is：are【答案】A【解析】主句中的主語應(yīng)為poets,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，其后的非限制性定語從句的主語應(yīng)為some of whose works，謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)。故選A。 11.(全國卷)Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn【答案】B【解析】 考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。首先the only one of .為先行詞時(shí)，定語從句修飾的是one，即one是主語，而非后面的復(fù)數(shù)women，根據(jù)主謂一致的原則，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，排除A，D。另外，從“is”可以看出句子是要表示一種習(xí)慣，因此要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，排除C，故選B。2019年1.（湖北卷）“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with clearly _ in her voice.A. angerB. rudenessC. regretD. panic【答案】D【解析】句意為“Tommy，快跑！快點(diǎn)！房子著火了！”母親大聲叫喊，嗓音里夾雜著明顯的驚慌。anger生氣；rudeness粗魯；regret后悔；panic驚慌，慌亂。根據(jù)句意選D。2.（湖北卷）Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big _, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)句中的“現(xiàn)在我知道這是最好的決定”，可知“放棄工作重新參加全職教育是一個(gè)很大的投入?！?，故答案為B。句意：放棄我的工作重新參加全職教育是一個(gè)很大的投入，但現(xiàn)在我知道這是我曾經(jīng)做出的最好的決定了。project意為“工程；項(xiàng)目”；commitment意為“投入；奉獻(xiàn)；承諾”； competition意為“競(jìng)爭；比賽”； ambition意為“雄心；志向”。3.（山東卷）Theres a _in our office that when its somebodys birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship【答案】A【解析】句意：我們辦公室有個(gè)傳統(tǒng)：輪到某個(gè)人的生日時(shí)，他就帶蛋糕來與大家分享。tradition傳統(tǒng)；balance平衡；concern關(guān)心；relationship關(guān)系，聯(lián)系。句中somebody 與they相照應(yīng)，說明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。4.（江西卷）Whats the _, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself? A. sympathyB. themeC. objectD. point【答案】D【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主題，object 物體，point意義。句意：你認(rèn)為如果他沒有作出努力去幫助自己而去幫助他的意義是什么？選D。5.（江蘇卷）Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _. A. consequence B. independence C. competence D. intelligence【答案】C【解析】為了保持專業(yè)能力，老師需要不斷地更新他們的知識(shí)。competence“能力”，符合句意。consequence“結(jié)果”，independence“獨(dú)立”，intelligence“智力”，均不符合句意。6.（浙江卷）Anyway, I cant cheat him its against all my _. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions【答案】B【解析】選項(xiàng)emotions情緒；regulations規(guī)程；opinions意見，因此選principles原則最合句意。句意：無論如和，我不能騙他這違背我的原則。7.（福建卷）The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major_of global climate change.A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection【答案】B【解析】“公眾缺乏環(huán)保的習(xí)慣”和“全球氣候變化”二者之間是因果關(guān)系，所以用cause。句意：公眾缺乏環(huán)保的習(xí)慣被認(rèn)為是全球氣候變化的一個(gè)主要原因。8.（四川卷）Always remember to put such dangerous things as lives out childrens _. A. touch B. sight C. reach D. distance【答案】C【解析】out of/beyond ones reach為固定用法，意為“某人夠不到”，符合句意。touch觸摸，接觸；sight視力，視野；distance距離。句意：時(shí)刻記住把諸如刀子之類的危險(xiǎn)物品放在孩子們夠不到的地方。9.（安徽卷）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which_saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】D【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)與主謂一致。非限制性定語從句中的主語rest意為“其余的”，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與of后的名詞一致，而which指代先行詞materials，故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；定語從句中的謂語應(yīng)與主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞used一致，故用過去時(shí)態(tài)。從時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致兩方面考慮，選擇D項(xiàng)。句意：該工廠使用了65%的原材料，其余的用作其它用途。10.（湖南卷）One third of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens_black people. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is 【答案】A【解析】分?jǐn)?shù)、百分比、the majority of, the minority of等結(jié)構(gòu)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后面所跟的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。the country是單數(shù)，而the citizens是復(fù)數(shù)，故選A。11.（江蘇卷） 22. The fact that so many people still smoke in public places_ that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggesting【答案】B【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。首先解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，題干中that so many people still smoke in public places為the fact的同位語，主語為the fact，所以謂語用單數(shù)形式；that we may need a national wide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking是賓語從句，而原句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，可排除D選項(xiàng);根據(jù)句意“還是有那么多的人在公共場(chǎng)合吸煙這個(gè)事實(shí)說明我們需要一個(gè)廣泛的全國性的運(yùn)動(dòng)來提高人們對(duì)吸煙危害性的認(rèn)識(shí)”，這是現(xiàn)在的情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)即可。1. Any help from you will be greatly appreciated. Please give me a reply at your earliest_.A. interruption B. instructionC. consideration D. convenience【答案】D【解析】這里表示“請(qǐng)?jiān)谀惴奖愕臅r(shí)候盡早給我回復(fù)”，at your earliest convenience 是固定表達(dá)，表示“在你方便的時(shí)候請(qǐng)盡早”，符合語境。interruption打斷；instruction 指導(dǎo)，指示；consideration 考慮。2. If you ask why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a(n)