浙江省天臺縣平橋第二中學(xué)高中英語 Unit 2 learning about language課件 新人教版必修4

Unit 2 Working the land 1.FIND THE WORD OR PHRASE FROM THE TEXT FOR EACH OF THESE MEANING. _ brown (skin) from spending too much time in the sun. _ to make something or somebody free of _ to become larger in size, number or amount _ to make information and ideas known to many people _ would prefer to _ to try extremely hard to achieve somethingsunburntrid of expandcirculateWould ratherstruggle _ to send things to foreign countries for sale _ pleased by having what one wants or needs _ to provide with things necessary for a certain purpose _ plants grown in large amounts by farmers _ because of exportSatisfied withequipcropThanks toANSWER KEYS FOR EX.2 ON PAGE 11: 1.statistics; globe 2.super; nationalities 3.Hunger;disease 4.Vietnam;occupations 5.freedom;exportedANSWER KEYS FOR EX.3 ON PAGE 11: decade struggle; expanding ;Equipped; output grain;crops; battles;disturbingANSWER KEYS FOR EX.1 ON PAGE 49confuse confusiondiscover discovery equip equipment expand expansionproduce productionexport export comment comment focus focus regret regret struggle struggle sum sumANSWER KEYS FOR EX.1 ON PAGE 491.circulated2.focus; export mented;regret4.struggled;confusing5.equipANSWER KEYS FOR EX.2 ON PAGE 49 chemicals; pests ; bacteria production soil discoveries ; chemicals minerals nutrition; root focusANSWER KEYS FOR EX.3 ON PAGE 491.Todays lesson focuses on how to write a summary of a news article.2.We must skim the report to find the main idea.3.The teacher told us to underline the difficult words and look them up in the dictionary. 4.He said that details likes statistics should not be included.5.I think Im going to use a report about how farmers are keeping their fields free of chemical fertilizers .6. It took the farmer twenty years to build up his business.7.Using too much chemical fertilizer will lead to serious problems.THE ING FORM AS THE SUBJECT OBJECT 1作主語作主語 動名詞作主語時(shí)，句子有兩種形式：動名詞作主語時(shí)，句子有兩種形式： 動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。1) 捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的捉弄?jiǎng)e人是我們?nèi)f萬不能干的.Playing tricks on others is something we should never do2)學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對我來說非常重要。學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對我來說非常重要。 Learning new words is very important for me3)說比做容易。說比做容易。Talking is easier than doing.用形式主語用形式主語it，把真正的主語，把真正的主語動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。等。如：如：和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。It is useless trying to argue with Shylock這事值得去做。這事值得去做。 Its worth making the effort想再解釋一次有好處嗎想再解釋一次有好處嗎?Is it any good trying to explain?跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。It is pleasant working with you在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于“It is impossible to do ”。例如：例如：若要人不知，除非己莫為。若要人不知，除非己莫為。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it這種事開不得玩笑。這種事開不得玩笑。 Here is no joking about such matter.無法知道他什么時(shí)候離開無法知道他什么時(shí)候離開 There was no knowing when he would leave. It +be +a waste of time doing 做做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的It is/was no good/use doing 做做是沒用處的是沒用處的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做做不值得不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的There is no doing 無法無法， 不允許不允許歸納：常用歸納：常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：形式作主語的句型有：There is no sense in doing 做做沒有道理沒有道理There is/was no use doing 干干無意義無意義 There is/was nothing worse than doing 沒有比沒有比更糟的更糟的There is/was no point doing 干干無意義無意義我們不知道要去哪兒。我們不知道要去哪兒。There was no knowing where we would go. 做這件傻事毫無意義。做這件傻事毫無意義。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.注意：注意：There is no need to do sth 干、沒必要，干、沒必要，在此句式中在此句式中to do 不可換為不可換為doing. 沒有必要告訴她。沒有必要告訴她。There is no need to tell her. 提示：當(dāng)動名詞用作主語時(shí)，其邏輯主語由形容詞性提示：當(dāng)動名詞用作主語時(shí)，其邏輯主語由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。我姐姐病了，使我很擔(dān)心。My sisters being ill made we worried.你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。 Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong. PLEASE REWRITE THE SENTENCES FOLLOWING THE EXAMPLE.(PAGE 13 EX. 2)1. Helping people in need of help is nice.2. Growing super hybrid rice is not easy.3. Learning more about farming is not difficult.4. Doing research in the countryside is not as easy as in the city.5. Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries.6. Explaining this again is important or we will get confused. 2、用作賓語、用作賓語 動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動詞只能后動名詞作賓語有兩種情況。一是有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語；二是有些動詞既可后接動名詞接動名詞作賓語；二是有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可后接不定式作賓語。也可后接不定式作賓語。只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如等。如：我不能不去。我不能不去。 I cant avoid going你是否考慮過找一位摯友你是否考慮過找一位摯友? Have you considered looking for one special friend? 我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。我們必須設(shè)法避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。 We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎晚飯后你想和我一起散步嗎?Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。People couldnt help laughing foolish man 這類動詞還有：這類動詞還有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。等。既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：常見的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。等。A在在like，love，hate，prefer等動詞之后，用等動詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側(cè)重或不定式意義上沒有什么不同，只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同，動名詞表示泛指的動作，不定式點(diǎn)有些不同，動名詞表示泛指的動作，不定式表示具體的一次性動作。表示具體的一次性動作。B在在begin/start，continue之后，用動名詞和不之后，用動名詞和不定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時(shí)定式，意義無甚區(qū)別，尤其是當(dāng)主語是人的時(shí)候。候。 C在動詞在動詞forget，remember，regret之后，用動名詞與不之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生，不定式定式意義不同。動名詞表示動作先于謂語發(fā)生，不定式表示后于謂語動作，如：表示后于謂語動作，如：我記得我已把信寄了。我記得我已把信寄了。 I remember posting the letter我會記著去寄信的。我會記著去寄信的。 Ill remember to post the letter我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記見到過那位著名作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer不要忘了給你母親寫信。不要忘了給你母親寫信。 Dont forget to write to your mother我真后悔沒趕上那次報(bào)告會。我真后悔沒趕上那次報(bào)告會。I regret missing the report我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。 I regret to say I cant take your adviceD在在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如之后，意義各不相同，如try to do (設(shè)法設(shè)法)，try doing (試試試試)，mean to do (打算，打算，有意要做有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味著意思是，意味著)。如。如： 我們必須設(shè)法及時(shí)把一切搞好。我們必須設(shè)法及時(shí)把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time我們用別的方法做這工作試試。我們用別的方法做這工作試試。 Lets try doing the working in some other way我并不想叫你生氣。我并不想叫你生氣。I didnt mean to make you angry你的計(jì)劃意味著要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)。你的計(jì)劃意味著要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)。 Your plan would mean spending hoursEgo on doing 和和go on to doGo on doing繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；繼續(xù)做一直在做的事；go on to do接著做另接著做另一件事。如：一件事。如：請接著做這同一個(gè)練習(xí)。請接著做這同一個(gè)練習(xí)。Please go on doing the same exercise請做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。請做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。Please go on to do the other exerciseFstop doing與與stop to do: Stop doing停止做，停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我們停止了交談。我們停止了交談。 We stopped talking我們停了下來去談話。我們停了下來去談話。 We stopped to talk 3作介詞賓語作介詞賓語動名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。動名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。 A介詞介詞+動名詞，如：動名詞，如：我們得想些法子改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。我們得想些法子改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. 我向你道歉，剛才對你那樣生氣。我向你道歉，剛才對你那樣生氣。I apologize for being so angry with you.離開幾年之后再回到你生長的地方，感覺有點(diǎn)離開幾年之后再回到你生長的地方，感覺有點(diǎn)怪。怪。 After being away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up B動詞動詞+介詞介詞+動名詞，如：動名詞，如：我堅(jiān)持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。我堅(jiān)持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。 I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition同學(xué)們臉上沒有笑容，相反都做了怪臉。同學(xué)們臉上沒有笑容，相反都做了怪臉。Instead of smiling，each of them made a face她對為我們公司工作很感興趣。她對為我們公司工作很感興趣。 She was very interested in working for our company下列短語中的下列短語中的to都是介詞，所以后面跟都是介詞，所以后面跟名詞或名詞或-ing形式：形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，stick to，be used to等等