八年級英語上冊 Chapter 1 Water課件 牛津深圳版

Chapter 1 WaterstreamThe clouds are floating in the sky.Water freezes at 0 degrees centigrade.tapsinkdrainpipessewagesewage plantwater treatment works1 drain:1 drain: a pipe or tube to let waste water flow away a pipe or tube to let waste water flow away2 faint:2 faint: that you cannot hear/see/smell clearly that you cannot hear/see/smell clearly3 freeze:3 freeze: become ice of solid; stop moving suddenly become ice of solid; stop moving suddenly4 impatient:4 impatient: angry at having to wait angry at having to wait5 nod:5 nod: move your head up and down to move your head up and down to show agreement show agreement6 plant:6 plant: building with machines in in building with machines in in7 precious:7 precious: very valuable very valuable8 pump:8 pump: push by machine push by machine9 relax:9 relax: rest from work rest from work10 sewage10 sewage: dirty water and waste matter: dirty water and waste matter11 sink11 sink: a fixed basin for washing hands and face: a fixed basin for washing hands and face12 speed12 speed: move quickly: move quickly13 thorough13 thorough: complete: complete14 treatment14 treatment: something done to change : something done to change a thing/person a thing/person15 vanish15 vanish: disappear: disappear16 view16 view: what you can see from a place or a position: what you can see from a place or a position17 weird17 weird: strange: strange Fill in the blanks with proper words.Fill in the blanks with proper words.1 1 He always thinks differently from others, so He always thinks differently from others, so many many neighboursneighbours think he is a _man. think he is a _man.2 2 I bought a set of postcards with different I bought a set of postcards with different _ of London._ of London.3 3 The doctor gave him a _ The doctor gave him a _ examination before telling him the problem.examination before telling him the problem.4 4 After a day of hard work, I need to stay at After a day of hard work, I need to stay at home and _ myself.home and _ myself.5 5 He _ to show that he agreed with me.He _ to show that he agreed with me.wierdviewsthoroughrelaxnodded Fill in the blanks with proper words.Fill in the blanks with proper words.6 We had to call a plumber to fix the blocked 6 We had to call a plumber to fix the blocked _._.7 He was so weak that he could only speak in 7 He was so weak that he could only speak in a _ voice.a _ voice.8 The train was an hour late and the 8 The train was an hour late and the passagerspassagers became _. became _.9 Nothing is more _than 9 Nothing is more _than frendshipfrendship and love.and love.10 Can you help me to _the water form 10 Can you help me to _the water form the well?the well?drainfaintimpatientpreciouspump Fill in the blanks with proper words.Fill in the blanks with proper words.11 The land itself _(up) in such low 11 The land itself _(up) in such low temperatures.temperatures.12 You must put on your coat! Its _ 12 You must put on your coat! Its _ outside!outside!1313 Water goes to a water _plant Water goes to a water _plant before it comes to our home.before it comes to our home.1414 He is _ dangerously in his car. He is _ dangerously in his car.1515 When the _ closed down, many When the _ closed down, many factory workers lost their jobs.factory workers lost their jobs.freezesfreezingtreatmentspeedingplantPeter is talking to Judy about the story. He wants to find out the reasons for some things. Read what Peter says and complete Judys reasons. Put one word in each blank.1 Why was the voice impatient?1 Why was the voice impatient? BecauseBecause Daisy was Daisy was wasting waterwasting water. .2 Why did Daisy nod her head?2 Why did Daisy nod her head? BecauseBecause she she knew where the knew where the DongjiangDongjiang River River was.was.3 Why did the water go to a treatment 3 Why did the water go to a treatment works?works? BecauseBecause it it was dirty after itswas dirty after its journey. journey.4 Why did the water say, “ I will be back in 4 Why did the water say, “ I will be back in the sea again?the sea again?BecauseBecause it it came fromcame from the sea the sea in the firstin the first place.place.5 Why did the water say it was like liquid 5 Why did the water say it was like liquid gold?gold? Because Because it believed that it believed that it was preciousit was precious. .6 Why did Daisys brother think she was6 Why did Daisys brother think she was weird? weird? Because Because she said, she said, I was talking toI was talking to the water. the water. The map on the The map on the right shows the right shows the waters journey. waters journey. Read the article Read the article and mark the and mark the names of the names of the different places different places on the map.on the map.How many places did the drop of water travel?What did it do or what was done to it there?Read the text carefully and finish the chart about the waters journey.Where?What was done there?1 In Yunan2 mountain-DongjiangRiver3 reservoir4 water treatment works125 under the street6 bathroom7 a sewage plant1 2 8 the seawill rise from the sea to the skyfloated comfortably in a clouddropped into a stream and sped downrelaxed for a few daysgiven a thorough cleaninga few chemicals were addedtraveled in the pipescame out of the tapcleaned uppumped into the riverWATER WAS POURING INTO THE SINK AND VANISHING DOWN THE DRAIN.Look at the pictures and find a sentence from the text:I WAS FLOATING COMFORTABLY IN A CLOUD IN YUNNAN.I WAS DROPPED INTO A STEAM BY THE CLOUD.I WAS CARRIED TO A RESERVOIR.I RELAXED THERE FOR A FEW DAYS.I WAS GIVEN A THOROUGH CLEANING.1 1 刷牙刷牙2 2關(guān)水龍頭關(guān)水龍頭3 3四周看四周看4 4欣賞風(fēng)景欣賞風(fēng)景5 5飛流下山飛流下山6 6水廠水廠7 7徹底清潔徹底清潔8 8添加添加9 9污水處理廠污水處理廠1010 最初最初1 brush one1 brush ones teeths teeth2 turn the tap off/ 2 turn the tap off/ turn off the tap turn off the tap3 look round/ look around3 look round/ look around4 enjoy the view4 enjoy the view5 speed down the mountain5 speed down the mountain6 water treatment works6 water treatment works7 a thorough cleaning7 a thorough cleaning8 add to8 add to9 9a sewage planta sewage plant1010 in the first place in the first place1111旅行的結(jié)束旅行的結(jié)束12 12 液體金子液體金子1313等一會等一會1414搖頭搖頭15 15 一升液體一升液體16 16 從出來從出來1717從下水道消失從下水道消失1818是的時候了是的時候了11 the end of the journey11 the end of the journey12 liquid gold12 liquid gold13 wait a minute13 wait a minute14 shake one14 shake ones heads head15 a 15 a litrelitre of liquid of liquid16 come out of16 come out of17 vanish down the drain17 vanish down the drain18 It18 Its time to dos time to do123456781Hi! I am a one-1Hi! I am a one-yuanyuan coin! I was born in a coin! I was born in a mint. That is where new money is made. mint. That is where new money is made. I was lovely and shiny then. I was with I was lovely and shiny then. I was with lots of other coins.lots of other coins.2 They put me in a bag and took me to a 2 They put me in a bag and took me to a bank. I sat in that bag at the bank for a bank. I sat in that bag at the bank for a few days.few days.3 Then a cashier at the bank gave 3 Then a cashier at the bank gave me to a customer. He needed me to a customer. He needed some bags of coins for his shop.some bags of coins for his shop.4 That man had a cake shop. He gave 4 That man had a cake shop. He gave me to a woman. She was buying me to a woman. She was buying some cakes. She gave him 50 some cakes. She gave him 50 yuanyuan. . I I wqaswqas part of her change. part of her change.5 That woman put me in her purse. 5 That woman put me in her purse. But later, she dropped her purse on But later, she dropped her purse on the ground, and I rolled away. She the ground, and I rolled away. She found her other money, but she did found her other money, but she did not find me.not find me.6 I stayed on the road for a long time. I 6 I stayed on the road for a long time. I got very dirty. Then an old man found got very dirty. Then an old man found me. He was very happy to see me!me. He was very happy to see me!7 The old man took me to a food stall. 7 The old man took me to a food stall. He bought some food and gave me to He bought some food and gave me to your mother. She gave me to you as your mother. She gave me to you as pocket money.pocket money.8 Then you washed me to make me 8 Then you washed me to make me clean again. I felt so happy that I clean again. I felt so happy that I decided to tell you my story!decided to tell you my story!概念理解概念理解 謂語動詞的語態(tài)表示句子的主語和謂語動作之間的關(guān)系。 （1）當(dāng)句子的主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者時，主、謂之間的關(guān)系稱為主動語態(tài)； （2）當(dāng)句子的主語是謂語動作的承受者時，主、謂之間的關(guān)系稱為被動語態(tài)。例如：He teaches us English. （主動語態(tài)）他教我們英語。Our English is taught by him. （被動語態(tài)）我們的英語是由他教的。He speaks English. （主動語態(tài)）他說英文。English is spoken in many countries all over the world. （被動語態(tài)）世界許多國家都講英語。 在被動語態(tài)的句子中，謂語部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是be + 過去分詞。被動語態(tài)的句子有時態(tài)的變化，這個變化反映在be動詞上。也就是說，把一個句子做成被動語態(tài)的句子，只需要寫出be動詞的所需時態(tài)，再加上所給動詞的過去分詞就行了。當(dāng)然，這只是指謂語部分而言。我們知道，be動詞作為一個獨立的謂語動詞有自己現(xiàn)在分詞（being）和過去分詞 （been）。那么，下面我們來看看be在各種時態(tài)中的變化形式：被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)否定式被動語態(tài)否定式一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時I tellI am toldI am not told一般過去時一般過去時I toldI was toldI was not told一般將來時一般將來時I will tellI will be toldI wont be told現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時Im tellingI am being toldI am not being told現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時I have toldI have been toldI havent been told例如：例如： 1. English is spoken in New Zealand. 2. I wasnt invited, but Ive come anyway. 3. It is going to be made by him. 4. He will be told later on. 5.The building has been built for three years.6.The dishes can be washed in half an hour.7. My car is being repaired.English is spoken in many countries all over the world .（一般現(xiàn)在時）世界上許多國家都講英文。Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. （一般過去時）那家商場用來出售的部分電視機昨晚被盜。He wont be allowed to marry Larra by his father. （一般將來時）他父親不會讓他娶拉拉為妻的。They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. （過去將來時）他們結(jié)束訓(xùn)練時將被派往部隊。The project is being carried out.（現(xiàn)在進行時）這個計劃正在執(zhí)行中。The case was being investigated then.（過去進行時）那時這案子正在調(diào)查中。This novel has been translated into several languages. （現(xiàn)在完成時）這本小說已被譯成了幾種語言。They said that production costs had been reduced.（過去完成時）他們說生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)下降了。一般來說，在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪?，能用主動語態(tài)的時候就盡量不去用被動語態(tài)。只有在下列情況中我們才用被動語態(tài)：(1) 不清楚動作的執(zhí)行者是誰, 例如:The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(2) 說話人對賓語的興趣大于對主語的興趣（這時可用by引導(dǎo) 出動作的執(zhí)行者），例如： My TV set is being repaired in the shop. 我的電視機正在這店里修。(3) 出于修辭的原因，或是說為了更好地安排句子。幾種特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)幾種特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu) (1) 關(guān)于帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu) 帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)的固定句式為“情態(tài)動詞 + be + 過去分詞”。例如：The debt must be paid off before next month. 那筆債務(wù)必須在下個月前付清。Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 油經(jīng)過燃燒可變?yōu)槟茉础?2) 關(guān)于帶有兩個賓語的主動態(tài)變成被動態(tài) 我們先來看看“帶有兩個賓語的主動態(tài)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)”，重點看謂語部分 ： She sent me a novel on my birthday . 主 謂 間接賓語 直接賓語 狀語 I allowed him an hour to finish the work . 主 謂 間接賓語 直接賓語 狀語She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主動) I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被動)A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被動)My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主動) I was bought a watch yesterday. (被動)A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被動)幾種特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)幾種特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu) (3) 關(guān)于帶有復(fù)合賓語的主動態(tài)變成被動態(tài) 如果將帶有復(fù)合賓語（既：賓語 + 賓語補足語）的主動態(tài)的句子變成被動態(tài)的句子，我們只能選擇原來句子的賓語作被動態(tài)句子的主語例如：The story made us laugh .We were made to laugh by the story. They asked me to help them. I was asked to help them. We saw them coming over. They were seen coming over. 幾種特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu)幾種特殊的被動結(jié)構(gòu) 鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)( ) 1The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A. makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have usedBDDDC( ) 1 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( ) 2 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 6 His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been publishedBCBBCA 主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的原則主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的原則1. 主動句主動句= 主語主語 + 及物動詞及物動詞 + 賓語賓語被動句被動句= 主語主語 +be + p.p.+ by 賓語賓語e.g.HelovesherSheis lovedby him.Mary wrote two letters. Two letters were written by Mary. 主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)步驟如下：主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)步驟如下：（1）主動句的）主動句的賓語賓語變成被動句的變成被動句的主語主語。（如為代詞改為主格）。（如為代詞改為主格）（2）將主動句的）將主動句的動詞動詞改為改為 be + p.p 。被動句的。被動句的 be 動詞時態(tài)同于動詞時態(tài)同于 及物動詞的時態(tài)，及物動詞的時態(tài)，be 動詞的人稱、數(shù)同于被動句的人稱、數(shù)。動詞的人稱、數(shù)同于被動句的人稱、數(shù)。（3）主動句的）主動句的主語主語，置于，置于 by 之后。（如為代詞改為賓格）之后。（如為代詞改為賓格） 被動語態(tài)的句型：被動語態(tài)的句型：(1) 肯定句肯定句 The room is cleaned by us everyday.(2) 否定句否定句 The room is not cleaned by us every day.(3) 疑問句疑問句 Is the room cleaned every day?(4) 特殊疑問句特殊疑問句 What is the dress made of?1.“ S + V. + O1 + O2 ” 的被動語態(tài)：的被動語態(tài)： My husband gave me a ring. I was given a ring by my husband.A ring was given to me by my husband.2. 含含“感官或使役動詞感官或使役動詞”的被動語態(tài)：的被動語態(tài)：主語主語 + be seen heard + to do felt made I saw him enter the room.= He was seen to enter the room.I made him go.= He was made to go (by me).3. 帶補足語句子的被動語態(tài)：帶補足語句子的被動語態(tài)：They call him Bob. = He is called Bob (by him).4. 不及物動詞不及物動詞+介詞介詞=及物動詞的被動語態(tài)：及物動詞的被動語態(tài)：Mary laughed at me. = I was laughed at by Mary.She took care of the children.= The children were took care of by her.1. People have put back parts of 1. People have put back parts of statues together.statues together.Parts of statues Parts of statues have been have been putput back together. back together.2. People have replaced the missing 2. People have replaced the missing pieces.pieces.The missing pieces The missing pieces have have been replacedbeen replaced. .3. He has invited the famous scientist to give a speech. The famous scientist has been has been invitedinvited to give a speech.4. They have spent all the money. The money has all been spenthas all been spent by them. CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO PASSIVE VOICE: 1. Tom broke the window. 2. The teacher praised her. 3. They speak English in this country. 4. Hemingway wrote the book The old Man and the Sea. 5. When will they build the new school? 6. They will open the new supermarket in two weeks time. 7. The firemen put out the fire. 8. The little girl picked up the wallet. 9. An old man is looking after the house. 10. People sometimes make fun of him. 1. The window was broken by Tom. 2. She was praised by the teacher. 3. English is spoken in this country. 4. The book The old Man and the Sea was written by Hemingway. 5. When will the new school be built? 6. The new supermarket will be opened in two weeks time. KEYS:7. The fire was put out by the firemen.8. The wallet was picked up by the little girl.9. The house is being looked after by an old man.10. He is sometimes made fun of. 將下列句子翻譯成英語：那棵大樹被風(fēng)刮倒了。這個班由布朗先生教英語這篇文章是他寫的嗎？你會得到老師們的幫助電影放映之前，票已經(jīng)全部售出所有的問題都必須回答嗎？ 將下列句子翻譯成英語：The big tree was blown down by the wind.2 The class is taught English by Mr. Brown.3 Was the article written by him?4 You will be helped by the teachers.5 All the tickets had (been) sold out before the film began.6 Must all the questions be answered?