高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 閱讀理解篇 專題1 閱讀理解 第2講 推理判斷類課件

專題一閱讀理解專題一閱讀理解閱讀理解篇閱讀理解篇第二講推理判斷類第二講推理判斷類第一部分 推理判斷題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。要求考生在理解表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，盡量考慮文中全部信息或事實，在通篇理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上領(lǐng)會作者的言外之意，做出正確的推理和判斷，從而理解文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理的原則是據(jù)文推理，合情推理，不可妄加推理，過度推理。1 1題型特點題型特點3 3分類例析分類例析4 4復(fù)習(xí)練案復(fù)習(xí)練案2 2解題流程解題流程題題 型型 特特 點點 一、推理判斷題題干常用詞 一般來說，推理判斷題題干中主要包括下面的詞語：know about, learn from, infer, imply, suggest, conclude, purpose, attitude, probably, most likely等。 二、推理判斷題正確選項的特征 1“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。 2選項中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對概念，如only, never, all, absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點模糊，會用一些相對能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。解解 題題 流流 程程 要做好推理判斷題，需要充分閱讀理解文章、分析語篇特征、尋找解題依據(jù)。考生應(yīng)該在領(lǐng)會全文的基礎(chǔ)上做出正確的推理和判斷。 第一步依據(jù)題干和選項及“順序原則”確定信息源 推理判斷題應(yīng)該首先按照題干要求的范圍進(jìn)行解題，如果題目中沒有提到具體的段落，那么通過“順序原則”找到區(qū)域范圍。如果這種情況下還是不能找到信息源，就必須考慮按照題干和四個選項的信息詞從全文各個角落尋找答案。 第二步比對原文和選項進(jìn)行推理甄選 要注意推理的基礎(chǔ)是原文內(nèi)容，而不是自己的經(jīng)驗和主觀判斷，不可憑借自己的主觀意愿臆斷。有的題目的推理即為原文具體層面的“同義歸納”。所涉及的邏輯關(guān)系都是最簡單的邏輯判斷，一步即可推得，考生千萬不能人為地把問題復(fù)雜化，推理很多步，反而得出錯誤的答案。 推理須知 1直接陳述文章內(nèi)容的選項不能選，要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來的選項。 2推理不是憑空猜測，而是立足已知推斷未知，因此正確選項一定能在文中找到依據(jù)或理由。 3不能以自己的觀點代替作者的想法，因此脫離原文的主觀臆斷都是錯誤的。分分 類類 例例 析析 1隱含推斷題“邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)”得結(jié)論(2016全國，D片段)Bad news sells.If it bleeds, it leads.No news is good news, and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(監(jiān)控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking peoples emails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The if it bleeds rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.” Q：What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? ATheyre socially inactive. BTheyre good at telling stories. CTheyre inconsiderate of others. DTheyre careful with their words. 解題思路 第一步速讀文章，找出相關(guān)信息句，并標(biāo)出進(jìn)行推理判斷的關(guān)鍵詞 _ _ _ _ 第二步根據(jù)該題選項的特點將找到的信息改編成選項C 嘗試解答：_They want your eyeballs and dont care how youre feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You dont want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.inconsiderate of others/thoughtless of others 2文章出處題“專用詞匯”做判斷(2014安徽，A)Personal RobotMake your parents and teachers happy! Are you having problems finishing your homework on time? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You dont need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot. Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed. Mr. H also has these features (特點)： weighs only 500 grams includes longlasting batteries comes with a 5year guarantee remembers simple instructions Originally (最初)sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299 WATCH CONTROL This is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear! This is NOT a watch for ordinary people! Your electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROL acts as a remote control for TVs and videos. gives you a daily weather forecast. sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near. Besides, your PENGO WATCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately! Originally sold for $ 199 NOW ONLY $ 99 For further information, click here. Q：Where would you be most likely to find the two texts? AOn a notice board. BIn a company brochure. COn a teenage website. DIn a college newspaper. 解題思路 第一步速讀文章，結(jié)合文章語言特色找出最能體現(xiàn)文章出處的專用詞匯 _ _ 第二步結(jié)合選項，試進(jìn)行合理推斷 嘗試解答：_BUY NOWfor further information, click here.C 3觀點態(tài)度類“言為心聲”求褒貶(2016四川，C片段)The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“Ive been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I dont see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.” Q：What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese? ACautious. BDoubtful. CUninterested.DAppreciative. 解題思路 第一步速讀文章，找出相關(guān)信息句，并標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞 _ _ _ 第二步結(jié)合文章主題，進(jìn)行合理推斷 嘗試解答：_I have a special love for the French Guianese People. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom. D (2017全國，C片段)Terrafugia Inc. said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight, bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year. The vehiclenamed the Transitionhas two seats, four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car. The Transition, which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month, can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air. On the ground, it gets 35 miles per gallon. Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show. But dont expect it to show up in too many driveways. Its expected to cost $ 279,000. And it wont help if youre stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway. Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s, according to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. Q：What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying care ACautious.BFavorable. CAmbiguous.DDisapproving. 解題思路 第一步速讀文章，找出相關(guān)信息句，并標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞 The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly. 第二步結(jié)合文章主題，進(jìn)行合理推斷 嘗試解答：_B 4寫作意圖類“體裁主旨”尋意圖(2017全國，A片段)Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962, Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(熱情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. Its an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter, org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. Q：What is the purpose of the last part of the text? ATo encourage donations. BTo advertise coming events. CTo introduce special exhibits. DTo tell about the Centers history. 解題思路 第一步速讀文章，找出相關(guān)信息句，標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞 _ _ _ _ 第二步與選項進(jìn)行對比得出答案 嘗試解答：_ we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter, org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.A 干擾項分析 該部分的寫作目的是鼓勵人們以各種方式支持太平洋科學(xué)中心，也就是鼓勵人們捐款，故選A項。 B、C兩項無中生有，該部分沒有提到“宣傳即將舉行的活動”和“介紹特殊的展覽”。D項曲解文意，該部分提到了自1962年以來太平洋科學(xué)中心做的事情，但這不是為了講述該中心的歷史，而是為下文鼓勵人們捐款作鋪墊。 5篇章結(jié)構(gòu)類“寫作思路”辨結(jié)構(gòu)(2015湖北，E片段)On the whole，Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science. Q：What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph? AProblems with the book. BBrookss life experiences. CDeath of the characters. DBrookss translation skills. 解題思路 第一步找出相關(guān)信息句 While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science. 第二步結(jié)合文體特點，進(jìn)行合理推斷 根據(jù)第五句可知，這本書中存在很多嚴(yán)重的問題，有些問題是Brooks企圖用科學(xué)去解釋他所寫的故事。由此可推斷出，接下來文章可能要講到這本書中存在的一些問題，A項符合文章內(nèi)容。 嘗試解答：_A復(fù)復(fù) 習(xí)習(xí) 練練 案案