2019春八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Unit 7 International charities語(yǔ)法專練課時(shí)作業(yè) （新版）牛津版.doc

Unit 7 International charities單元語(yǔ)法專練被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。一般情況下,兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)之間可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:We clean the classroom every day.我們每天都打掃教室。The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.教室每天都(被我們)打掃。1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成:(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作的承受者)+am/is/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。例如:Theglassisbroken(bythenaughtyboy).這個(gè)玻璃杯被(那個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩)打破了。(2)一般過去時(shí):主語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作的承受者)+was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(+by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)。例如:He was not invited to the party last night.昨天晚上他沒有被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)。2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本用法:(1)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指或不言自明時(shí)。例如:Nowadays,English is spoken in many countries.現(xiàn)在,許多國(guó)家(的人們)都講英語(yǔ)。(2)不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)。例如:The dress was stolen from the hotel room.裙子在酒店里被偷走了。(3)需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。例如:My radio was repaired.我的收音機(jī)被修好了。(4)出于委婉或禮貌而避談動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)。例如:This problem was talked about just now.這個(gè)問題剛才被討論過。(5)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中,如果我們需要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,可以由by引出。例如:Brazil was beaten by France in the final.在總決賽中,巴西隊(duì)被法國(guó)隊(duì)打敗了。3.注意:(1)有些動(dòng)詞,其主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式含有被動(dòng)意義,如smell,taste,sound,feel等。還有些不及物動(dòng)詞,常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),和well、easily等副詞連用時(shí),含有被動(dòng)意義。例如:Thesongsoundsverynice.這首歌很好聽。Thisnewbooksellswell.這本新書賣得很好。(2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),須加上to。例如:Hemadetheboydoheavywork.Theboywasmadetodoheavyworkbyhim.他讓這個(gè)男孩做繁重的工作。(3)接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),若直接賓語(yǔ)(物)作主語(yǔ),那么動(dòng)詞后要用介詞,這個(gè)介詞由與其搭配的動(dòng)詞決定。例如:Hegavemeabook.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.他給了我一本書。.單項(xiàng)填空(A)1.Chineseby more and more people around the world.A.is spokenB.spokeC.are spokenD.speaks(B)2.Smart phonesin the classroom.A.arent allowingB.arent allowedC.allowD.is allowed(C)3.Mum,where is my model plane?Oh,itto Jenny yesterday.A.is lentB.lendsC.was lentD.lent(C)4.Whenthe telephone?In 1876.A.is;inventedB.did;inventC.was;inventedD.does;invent(D)5.Wow!Your hat looks so beautiful.Itby my aunt last Friday.She is working in China.A.has boughtB.had boughtC.is boughtD.was bought.按要求完成句子,每空一詞1.My mother waters flowers every day.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Flowersarewateredby my mother every day.2.Many foreigners know the Great Wall.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The Great Wallisknownto many foreigners.3.Was the printer used to put your words onto paper by you?(改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Didyouusethe printer to put your words onto paper?4.The princess was caught by an evil witch.(改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))An evil witchcaughtthe princess.5.The teacher made the students copy the text.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))The students weremadetocopy the text by the teacher.