高中生物 第8章 細胞的分化、凋亡和衰老 8.2 細胞的凋亡 8.3 細胞的衰老課件 北師大版必修1

第2節(jié)細胞的凋亡第3節(jié)細胞的衰老MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1.簡述細胞凋亡與細胞壞死的區(qū)別。2.描述細胞衰老的特征。3.探討細胞的衰老和凋亡與人體健康的關系。MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三一、細胞的凋亡1.概念:細胞在一定階段,由特定基因控制程序引起正常的自然死亡,又稱細胞編程性死亡或生理性死亡。2.特點:主要發(fā)生在胚胎發(fā)育過程中,是細胞主動發(fā)生的,需要消耗能量,是最基本的生命現(xiàn)象,是機體正常發(fā)育的基礎。3.意義(1)細胞凋亡與細胞增殖是相反的過程,二者協(xié)調(diào)一致,保證了生物體的正常發(fā)育和器官的形態(tài)建成。(2)在成年個體中,細胞凋亡能維持正常組織中細胞數(shù)目的相對平衡,從而維持組織的穩(wěn)態(tài)。(3)細胞凋亡是機體的自我保護機制。MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三二、細胞壞死1.概念:由強烈的外界因素如缺氧、缺血以及物理、化學損傷和生物侵襲等造成的細胞損傷和急速死亡。2.特點:是意外的、被動性的死亡,故又稱病理性死亡。MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三三、細胞的衰老1.細胞衰老的表現(xiàn)(1)在形態(tài)上,由于細胞內(nèi)水分減少,細胞萎縮,體積縮小。(2)在結(jié)構(gòu)上,細胞核體積增大,染色體固縮;溶酶體數(shù)目增加和體積增大,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)排列無序。(3)在功能上,由于線粒體數(shù)目減少,呼吸速度減慢;一些酶的活性降低,蛋白質(zhì)合成速度降低;細胞內(nèi)色素隨著細胞的衰老而逐漸積累,阻礙了細胞內(nèi)物質(zhì)的交流和信息的傳遞,影響細胞的正常生理功能的完成。MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三2.細胞衰老的原因(1)染色體端粒復制學說:細胞衰老與染色體的端粒有關。端粒是位于染色體末端的特化結(jié)構(gòu),由端粒DNA和端粒蛋白質(zhì)構(gòu)成,端粒長度隨細胞衰老過程而逐漸縮短,當端粒不能再縮短時,細胞就會衰老、死亡。(2)遺傳程序?qū)W說:細胞的衰老是受基因控制的,線粒體DNA是決定衰老的生物鐘。(3)自由基學說:生物體的新陳代謝過程離不開氧,在生物氧化過程中,會產(chǎn)生自由基,多余的自由基會損傷線粒體,進而改變細胞的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,引起細胞的衰老和死亡。MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理一二三3.延緩細胞衰老的措施(1)延緩衰老、健康長壽的關鍵是健康的生活方式。(2)許多因素如陽光輻射、吸煙、酗酒、食物中的毒素等,會導致基因突變和細胞衰老,也應該避免。(3)保持積極、樂觀的心理狀態(tài),放松的生活和適當?shù)腻憻?對于增進健康、提高生活品質(zhì)也是大有裨益的。MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理121.理解個體衰老與細胞衰老的關系及細胞衰老的特征(1)個體衰老與細胞衰老的關系對于單細胞生物體,細胞的衰老或死亡就是個體的衰老或死亡。對于多細胞生物體來說,細胞的衰老和死亡與個體的衰老和死亡并不是一回事。多細胞生物體內(nèi)的細胞總是在不斷更新著,總有一部分細胞處于衰老或走向死亡狀態(tài)。從總體上看,個體衰老的過程是組成個體的細胞普遍衰老的過程。(2)細胞衰老的特征“一大”:細胞核變大,染色體固縮,染色加深。“一小”:細胞內(nèi)水分減少,體積變小。“一多”:細胞內(nèi)色素逐漸積累、增多?！叭汀?膜的物質(zhì)運輸功能降低,多種酶的活性降低,代謝速率降低。MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理122.細胞凋亡、衰老、癌變與壞死的區(qū)別MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理12MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二【例1】 下面為動物機體的細胞凋亡及清除示意圖。據(jù)圖分析不正確的是()A.過程表明細胞凋亡是特異性的,體現(xiàn)了生物膜的信息傳遞功能B.細胞凋亡過程中有新蛋白質(zhì)合成,體現(xiàn)了基因的選擇性表達C.過程中凋亡細胞被吞噬,表明細胞凋亡是細胞被動死亡過程D.凋亡相關基因是機體固有的,在動物生長發(fā)育過程中發(fā)揮重要作用題型三MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二解析由基因所決定的細胞自動結(jié)束生命的過程,叫細胞凋亡。過程是凋亡誘導因子與膜受體發(fā)生特異性結(jié)合,表明細胞凋亡具有特異性,體現(xiàn)了生物膜的信息傳遞功能;細胞凋亡過程中有新蛋白質(zhì)合成,體現(xiàn)了基因的選擇性表達;過程中凋亡細胞被吞噬,是細胞主動死亡的過程,因此C項不正確;凋亡相關基因在機體中本來就存在,是固有的,在動物生長發(fā)育過程中的不同時期表達,從而發(fā)揮重要作用。答案C題型三MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三【例2】 下列關于細胞凋亡與細胞壞死的說法,正確的是 ()A.細胞凋亡是由細胞內(nèi)的遺傳物質(zhì)控制的B.細胞壞死是細胞凋亡的同義詞C.細胞壞死受到嚴格的由遺傳機制決定的程序性控制D.細胞的自然更新、被病原體感染的細胞的清除是通過細胞壞死來完成的MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三解析細胞凋亡是由基因決定的細胞自動結(jié)束生命的過程,受到嚴格的由遺傳機制決定的程序性調(diào)控;在成熟生物體內(nèi),細胞的自然更新、被病原體感染的細胞的清除,是通過細胞凋亡實現(xiàn)的;細胞壞死是在種種不利因素影響下,由于細胞的正常代謝活動受損或中斷引起的細胞損傷和死亡,并不是由基因決定的細胞自動結(jié)束生命的過程。答案AMUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理題型一題型二題型三【例3】 下列關于細胞衰老的說法,不正確的是()A.生物體內(nèi)絕大多數(shù)細胞都要經(jīng)過未分化、分化、衰老和死亡這幾個階段B.細胞衰老和凋亡是正常的生命現(xiàn)象C.細胞壞死和衰老是正常的生命現(xiàn)象D.衰老的細胞細胞膜皺縮、流動性下降,運輸功能減弱解析衰老是自然界生物不可抗拒的自然規(guī)律,即衰老是不可逆的生命過程,細胞和生物體都是如此。細胞壞死是不正常的生命現(xiàn)象。答案CMUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1胚胎發(fā)育過程中,對器官發(fā)育和形態(tài)建成進行“雕鑿”的過程離不開()A.細胞增殖B.細胞凋亡C.細胞衰老D.細胞壞死解析:“雕鑿”的實質(zhì)是通過細胞凋亡,清除一些多余的細胞,有利于發(fā)育器官被“雕鑿”成形,故B項符合題意。答案:BMUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2下列關于細胞凋亡的敘述,錯誤的是()A.細胞凋亡是由基因控制的細胞死亡B.細胞凋亡是機體的自我保護機制C.細胞凋亡時,局部有炎癥反應D.細胞凋亡在生物個體發(fā)育過程中起著重要作用解析細胞凋亡是由基因控制的細胞死亡,不會出現(xiàn)局部有炎癥的現(xiàn)象。答案CMUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3老年人有老年斑,對此最合理的解釋是()A.細胞內(nèi)水分減少,細胞萎縮B.細胞核體積增大,染色體固縮、染色加深C.細胞中酪氨酸酶活性降低D.細胞內(nèi)脂褐素占有的面積增大解析細胞內(nèi)的色素(脂褐素)會隨著細胞的衰老而積累,從而表現(xiàn)出老年斑。答案DMUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4香煙中含有大量的有毒物質(zhì),如尼古丁等,會造成吸煙者肺部細胞死亡。這種細胞死亡過程屬于細胞的()A.生理性死亡 B.病理性死亡C.正常死亡D.編程性死亡解析香煙中的有毒物質(zhì)造成的肺部細胞壞死,是化學損傷造成的,即屬于病理性死亡。答案BMUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5細胞凋亡與細胞壞死是兩個不同的過程,如下圖所示。下列有關敘述不正確的是()A.細胞凋亡是基因控制的,對生物的個體生長發(fā)育和機體穩(wěn)態(tài)的維持具有重要作用B.細胞壞死指細胞因細胞膜被破壞,胞漿外溢而死亡C.吞噬細胞吞噬凋亡小體與溶酶體有關D.在成人體內(nèi),被病原體感染的細胞的清除是通過細胞壞死實現(xiàn)的MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 解析細胞凋亡是基因控制的,對生物的個體生長發(fā)育和機體穩(wěn)態(tài)的維持具有重要作用,故A項正確。由圖可知細胞壞死是指細胞因細胞膜被破壞,胞漿外溢而死亡,故B項正確。吞噬細胞吞噬凋亡小體后由溶酶體對其進行分解,故C項正確。成人體內(nèi),被病原體感染的細胞的清除是通過細胞凋亡實現(xiàn)的,故D項錯誤。答案DMUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6細胞凋亡的大致過程如圖所示。相關敘述不正確的是 ()A.細胞凋亡過程與基因的選擇性表達有關B.細胞凋亡是由于致癌因子激活了相關基因C.吞噬細胞吞噬凋亡小體與溶酶體有關D.凋亡細胞中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)與細胞凋亡有關的酶解析細胞凋亡是凋亡基因表達的結(jié)果;吞噬細胞吞噬凋亡小體后,由溶酶體釋放水解酶,使其裂解。答案BMUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7細胞內(nèi)的IAPs是一種控制細胞凋亡的物質(zhì),其與細胞凋亡酶結(jié)合可抑制細胞凋亡。RING結(jié)構(gòu)是IAPs的核心,去掉該結(jié)構(gòu),則能有效地促進細胞的凋亡。下列說法不正確的是()A.細胞凋亡是由基因決定的細胞編程性死亡B.RING結(jié)構(gòu)的合成不受基因的控制C.衰老細胞和被病原體感染的細胞的清除,也是通過細胞凋亡完成的D.去掉癌細胞中IAPs的RING區(qū)域,可有效促進癌細胞凋亡解析細胞凋亡是由基因控制的程序性死亡,衰老細胞和被病原體感染的細胞的清除也可以通過細胞凋亡來實現(xiàn),如植物細胞被病毒感染之后,可通過使感染部位外圍的細胞凋亡來阻止病毒擴散而最終清除病變細胞;RING結(jié)構(gòu)的合成一定是由基因控制的。答案BMUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理MUBIAODAOHANG目標導航DIANLI TOUXI典例透析SUITANGYANLIAN隨堂演練ZHONGNAN JVJIAO重難聚焦ZHISHI SHULI知識梳理1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8下圖為人體某個細胞所經(jīng)歷的生長發(fā)育各個階段示意圖,圖中為各個時期的細胞,ac表示細胞所進行的生理過程。據(jù)圖分析,下列敘述不正確的是()A.與相比,的表面積/體積比值增大,與外界環(huán)境進行物質(zhì)交換的能力也增強B.與細胞內(nèi)的核基因相同,但基因表達情況不相同C.細胞的衰老和死亡不一定會導致人體的衰老和死亡D.人在胚胎發(fā)育后期尾的消失是通過尾部細胞凋亡而實現(xiàn)的答案A