高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練 專(zhuān)題一 名詞、冠詞和代詞課件 外研版

第二部分 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練專(zhuān)題一名詞、冠詞和代詞考向分析考向分析在高考中,涉及名詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括名詞復(fù)數(shù)、名詞所有格等;涉及冠詞的考點(diǎn)主要包括定冠詞和不定冠詞的用法,有時(shí)在短文改錯(cuò)中會(huì)考查零冠詞;代詞考點(diǎn)主要包括人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞等的用法?？键c(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一 名詞名詞考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二 冠詞冠詞 考點(diǎn)三考點(diǎn)三 代詞代詞 本專(zhuān)題考點(diǎn)本專(zhuān)題考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)一名詞考點(diǎn)一名詞一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)一、名詞的復(fù)數(shù)單句填空單句填空1.(2017全國(guó)卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.答案答案crowds根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示的是人群,空格前無(wú)冠詞,因此crowd應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故空格處填crowds。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用2.(2017全國(guó)卷)She has turned down several invitations (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.答案答案invitations空前的several常用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),故空格處填復(fù)數(shù)名詞invitations。3.In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives (knife) and forks.答案答案knives根據(jù)空后的名詞forks可知,可數(shù)名詞knife應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)4. (2017全國(guó)卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” wordwords 答案答案wordwords根據(jù)引號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容可知,此處word應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式?？蓴?shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1.規(guī)則變化用法精講用法精講規(guī)則例詞一般情況下,在詞尾直接加-sbookbookscapcapstreetrees以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-esglassglassesboxboxeswatchwatchesbrushbrushes以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞,把y改為i,再加-esstorystoriescountrycountries以-o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),常在詞尾加-s,但有些名詞要加-es,它們主要有:黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆、西紅柿NegroNegroesheroheroespotatopotatoestomatotomatoesradioradiosphotophotos以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),有些直接加-s,有些需把f或fe變?yōu)関,再加-es,它們主要有:為了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和一片樹(shù)葉站在架子上,把狼劈成兩半selfselveslifelivesthiefthieveswifewivesknifeknivesleafleavesshelfshelveswolfwolveshalfhalves合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),如果沒(méi)有主體名詞,則將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)son-in-lawsons-in-lawstorytellerstorytellers“man/woman+n.”變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),作定語(yǔ)的man/woman和中心詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)man teachermen teacherswoman engineerwomen engineers續(xù)表2.不規(guī)則變化(1)變內(nèi)部元音footfeet腳manmen男人womanwomen女人toothteeth牙goosegeese鵝gentlemangentlemen紳士(2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞sheep綿羊 deer鹿spacecraft太空船aircraft飛行器Chinese中國(guó)人Japanese日本人Swiss瑞士人means方法crossroads十字路口headquarters總部series連續(xù)species種類(lèi)(3)外來(lái)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式criterioncriteria標(biāo)準(zhǔn)phenomenonphenomena現(xiàn)象analysisanalyses分析basisbases基礎(chǔ)crisiscrises危機(jī)thesistheses論文bacteriumbacteria細(xì)菌mediummedia媒體(4)fish表示不同種類(lèi)的魚(yú)時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)形式通常為fishes,而表示魚(yú)的條數(shù)時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)形式與單數(shù)形式相同。表示“魚(yú)肉”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。There are many different fishes in this river.這條河中有很多不同種類(lèi)的魚(yú)。I bought five fish today.今天我買(mǎi)了五條魚(yú)。(5)penny表示便士的“價(jià)值”時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)為pence,常與數(shù)詞搭配來(lái)表示錢(qián)數(shù):five pence五便士,ten pence十便士;表示便士的“個(gè)數(shù)”時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)為pennies。(6)people指“人”時(shí)是person的一種復(fù)數(shù)形式,指“民族”時(shí)其復(fù)數(shù)形式為peoples。one person一個(gè)人two people兩個(gè)人a people一個(gè)民族two peoples兩個(gè)民族二、名詞所有格二、名詞所有格單句填空單句填空1. Alberts (Albert) birthday is on next Saturday, and Im planning a surprise party for him.答案答案Alberts句意:Albert的生日在下周六,我正在計(jì)劃為他開(kāi)一個(gè)派對(duì),給他一個(gè)驚喜?？崭裉幵诰渲凶髅~birthday的定語(yǔ),結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,空格處應(yīng)填寫(xiě)提示詞的所有格形式。故空格處填A(yù)lberts。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)2.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes. friendfriends 答案答案friendfriends句意:當(dāng)我最終到達(dá)朋友家時(shí),他借給了我許多衣服。名詞所有格可表示地點(diǎn),結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,friend應(yīng)改為friends。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用1.名詞所有格的用法-s所有格主要用于表示人或其他有生命的名詞的所有關(guān)系,表示“的”。例如:Well-known for their expertise,his parents company,called“Future Tours”,transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.他父母的公司“未來(lái)之旅”以其專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)而聞名,該公司用時(shí)空穿梭機(jī)平安地把我送入了未來(lái)。Have you read Robert Brownings poems?你讀過(guò)羅伯特勃朗寧的詩(shī)嗎?表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格。例如:today s newspaper今天的報(bào)紙a five days journey一次五天的旅行用法精講用法精講表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、學(xué)校、住宅及公共建筑時(shí),名詞所有格后常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞。例如:at the barber s (shop)在理發(fā)店at the doctor s (office)在醫(yī)院at the tailors (shop)在裁縫店2.-s所有格的構(gòu)成規(guī)則構(gòu)成舉例單數(shù)名詞和不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞通常在詞尾加“s”the boys bag那個(gè)男孩的包the childrens rooms那些孩子們的房間以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只在詞尾加“”the workersstruggle工人們的斗爭(zhēng)復(fù)合名詞中,在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加“s”her brother-in-laws character她姐夫的性格復(fù)合不定代詞后加else,在else后加“s”somebody elses possessions別人的財(cái)產(chǎn) 考點(diǎn)二冠詞考點(diǎn)二冠詞一、不定冠詞的用法一、不定冠詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.答案答案a句意:對(duì)Pahlsson來(lái)說(shuō),它的回歸是一個(gè)奇跡。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,空格處修飾wonder且表示泛指,故填不定冠詞a。2.Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.答案答案a句意:Brian在作曲方面很有天賦,他很有可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)貝多芬式的人物。本題考查冠詞。a在此處表示“一位式的人物”。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用3.Life is like an ocean:Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.答案答案an句意:生活就像一片海洋,只有那些意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人才能到達(dá)彼岸。ocean在此處為可數(shù)名詞,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠詞,o-cean以元音音素開(kāi)頭,故答案為an。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)4.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. 第一個(gè)第一個(gè)aan 答案答案第一個(gè)aan在題干中,名詞hour是以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞,因此它前面的不定冠詞a使用錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)改為an。v1.不定冠詞有a,an兩種形式,當(dāng)緊跟著冠詞的單詞的發(fā)音以輔音音素(注意:不是輔音字母)時(shí)用a;當(dāng)緊跟著冠詞的單詞的發(fā)音以元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)開(kāi)頭時(shí)用an。如:a university,a useful animal,a one-eyed dog,a European car,an hour,an honest boy,an X-ray,an ugly man,an honor等。2.不定冠詞的用法:用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示泛指;用于表示數(shù)量“一”;用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前;用于序數(shù)詞前,表示“又一,再一”; 用法精講用法精講用于時(shí)間、重量等名詞前,表示“每一”;用于專(zhuān)有名詞前,表示具有某種特性的人或物,某一位不認(rèn)識(shí)的人或某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間;用于抽象名詞具體化時(shí)的某些名詞之前;用于某些物質(zhì)名詞前表“一杯、一份、一場(chǎng)、一陣”等;Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough days.在那些艱苦的日子里能夠買(mǎi)得起一杯飲料是一種安慰。Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally re-spected.任何人,無(wú)論是官員還是公交車(chē)司機(jī),都應(yīng)該得到同等的尊重。二、定冠詞的用法二、定冠詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.(2017江西贛中南五校一模) The World Wide Web is quickly becom-ing the worlds most popular matchmaker(媒人).答案答案The句意:萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)正在迅速成為世界上最受歡迎的媒人?！癢orld Wide Web”是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞,這類(lèi)專(zhuān)有名詞常與定冠詞連用,故填The。2.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.答案答案the根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處表特指,故空格處填寫(xiě)定冠詞the。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用3.This area experienced the heaviest rainfall in the month of May.答案答案the;the根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及第一空之后的最高級(jí)可知,第一空應(yīng)填寫(xiě)定冠詞the,而第二空特指的是5月份,因此也應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)定冠詞。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)4.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)I still remember how hard first day was. first前加前加the或或my 答案答案first前加the或my序數(shù)詞first前應(yīng)用定冠詞the,另外,結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,也可在first前添加物主代詞my。定冠詞的常見(jiàn)用法用于特指的人或事物前;用于自然界中獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前;用于雙方都知道或上文已提到的人或物之前;用于表方向或方位的名詞前;用于形容詞或形容詞化的過(guò)去分詞前,表示一類(lèi)人或物;用于表示西洋樂(lè)器的名詞之前;用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,表示某某一家人、某某夫婦等;用于整十的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示年代。Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.薩拉滿(mǎn)意地看著那幅已畫(huà)完的畫(huà)。用法精講用法精講三、短語(yǔ)或句式中的冠詞三、短語(yǔ)或句式中的冠詞單句填空單句填空1.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.答案答案aas a result是常用短語(yǔ),意為“結(jié)果,因此”。故空格處填不定冠詞a。2.(2016全國(guó)卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, the other is with mumshe never suspects.答案答案the根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和one可知,此處為常用表達(dá)“one.the other.”。故空格處填the。 語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用3.(2015陜西卷) The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.答案答案The句意:一個(gè)人越有學(xué)問(wèn),他通常就越謙虛。此處為常用句式“the+比較級(jí).,the+比較級(jí).”,意為“越就越”。故空格處填The。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)4.(2016浙江卷)Every time he arrived home at end of the day, wed greet him at the door. end前面加前面加the 答案答案end前面加theat the end of為介詞短語(yǔ),故應(yīng)該在end之前添加定冠詞the。1.含有不定冠詞的?？级陶Z(yǔ)have a cold得了感冒have a good time玩得高興have a gift for有的天賦have a word with與談話have/take a rest休息一下have a holiday度假make a living謀生get a lift搭便車(chē)go on a diet節(jié)食as a result因此as a matter of fact事實(shí)上after a while過(guò)了一會(huì)兒in a hurry匆忙地in a sense在某種意義上用法精講用法精講in a word總之in a moment立刻once in a while偶爾at a loss困惑,不知所措at a distance離一段距離for a while暫時(shí),一時(shí)once upon a time從前all of a sudden突然a waste of.的浪費(fèi)a matter of.的問(wèn)題What a pity!真遺憾!with a score of以的分?jǐn)?shù)have a population of有人口have a history of有的歷史have an area of有的面積 a collection of一批have a knowledge of具有某方面的知識(shí) have an understanding of了解/熟悉注意:通常成對(duì)出現(xiàn)的名詞(被視為一套或一體),一般只用一個(gè)不定冠詞。如:a knife and fork一副刀叉。2.含有定冠詞的?？级陶Z(yǔ)in the end最后,終于in the daytime在白天in the habit of習(xí)慣于make the most/best of充分利用in the distance在遠(yuǎn)處in the way擋路on the whole總之on the right/left在右/左面at the same time同時(shí)at the moment此刻for the time being暫時(shí)in the public eye 廣為人知的go to the doctors去看醫(yī)生by the way順便說(shuō)一下on the radio/phone在廣播/電話里on the spot在現(xiàn)場(chǎng),立即,馬上,當(dāng)場(chǎng)to tell(you)the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話,老實(shí)說(shuō)go to the cinema去看電影not in the least(=not at all)一點(diǎn)也不on the one hand.,on the other hand.一方面,另一方面for the most part通常,多半四、零冠詞的用法四、零冠詞的用法單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)1.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom build-ings. 刪除第一個(gè)刪除第一個(gè)the 答案答案刪除第一個(gè)theall kinds of之后直接跟名詞,不需要使用冠詞,故刪除定冠詞the。2.My the room is in a mess, but I neednt clean it before I go out tonight. 刪除刪除room之前的之前的the 答案答案刪除room之前的theroom之前已有物主代詞my,而定冠詞不可與物主代詞連用,故應(yīng)該刪除the。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用3.(2017東北三省四市聯(lián)考)He said he painted for a pleasure. 去掉去掉a 答案答案去掉a句意:他說(shuō)他畫(huà)畫(huà)是為了消遣。此處的pleasure為不可數(shù)名詞,故將不定冠詞a去掉。4.One Monday afternoon, we were playing the basketball in the playground when I suddenly slipped and fell over. 去掉去掉basketball前的前的the 答案答案去掉basketball前的the與play連用時(shí),表示球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前通常不用冠詞,故將basketball前的the去掉。1.不可數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,用零冠詞。My father went to the doctor for advice about his heart trouble.我父親去了醫(yī)生那里尋求關(guān)于他的心臟病的建議。2.名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等時(shí)不再用冠詞。 She is not my type of woman. 她不是我心目中的那類(lèi)女人。His heart was beating wildly with fear. 他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。用法精講用法精講 He went to some place in France. 他到法國(guó)某個(gè)地方去了。Each student must hand in his/her exercise book. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都必須上交他/她的練習(xí)本。3.零冠詞的用法口訣月、季、星期、洲,稱(chēng)呼、頭銜、職務(wù)前;三餐、球類(lèi)、慣用語(yǔ);學(xué)科、棋類(lèi)名詞前。A year can be divided into four seasonsspring,summer,autumn and win-ter.一年可以分為四季春、夏、秋和冬。He has no lessons on Sundays.他周日沒(méi)有課。Mr.Li is chairman of the meeting.李先生是本次會(huì)議的主席。(注:表示稱(chēng)呼、頭銜的名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)常用零冠詞)但以上用法是相對(duì)而言的,在不同的句子中,可能會(huì)用到不定冠詞或定冠詞。因此,用不用冠詞要視情況而定。Autumn is the harvest season.秋季是收獲的季節(jié)。The organization was founded in the spring of(the year)2010.這個(gè)組織是在2010年春天成立的。考點(diǎn)三代詞考點(diǎn)三代詞一、人稱(chēng)代詞的用法一、人稱(chēng)代詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.(2017湖北襄陽(yáng)調(diào)研)In the deaf culture of North America, many listen-ers show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them (they)in the air.答案答案them句意:在北美聾人文化中,許多聽(tīng)眾不是通過(guò)拍手而是通過(guò)在空中揮手以表示鼓掌。設(shè)空處作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),故用them。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用2.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it ev-ery day.答案答案it分析題干可知,空格處用于指代前面的the railway,故空格處填it。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)3.(2016全國(guó)卷)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. need前加前加I 答案答案need前加I在題干中,whenever引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),結(jié)合空前語(yǔ)境可知,need之前應(yīng)該添加人稱(chēng)代詞I。數(shù)、格人稱(chēng) 單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱(chēng)Imeweus第二人稱(chēng)youyouyouyou第三人稱(chēng)hehimtheythemsheheritit用法精講用法精講1.人稱(chēng)代詞不同的格在句中有不同的句法功能:人稱(chēng)代詞的主格常作主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);賓格可作賓語(yǔ)也可作表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。He would drown his sadness in coffee.(主格作主語(yǔ))他會(huì)借咖啡來(lái)澆愁。Thank you for your letter.(賓格作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ))謝謝你的來(lái)信。I bought a present for him.(賓格作介詞的賓語(yǔ))我給他買(mǎi)了件禮物。Hi,its me.(賓格作表語(yǔ))你好,是我。2.人稱(chēng)代詞單獨(dú)使用時(shí),常用賓格。Glad to meet you.見(jiàn)到你很高興。Me,too.我也是。3.it的用法指代上文提到的某樣?xùn)|西Where is my dictionary?I left it right on the desk.我的字典哪里去了?我就把它放在桌子上了。用以代替指示代詞this,thatWhats this?這是什么?Its a flag.這是一面旗。Whose exercise book is that?那是誰(shuí)的練習(xí)本?Its hers.那是她的。指不知性別的嬰兒或身份不明確的人(由于某種原因而不知對(duì)方是誰(shuí))The baby cried because it was hungry.這個(gè)嬰兒因饑餓而啼哭。指時(shí)間、天氣、距離等It is nine oclock sharp now.現(xiàn)在是9點(diǎn)整。It is raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。It is a long way to the factory.到工廠有很長(zhǎng)一段路。作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)it常用來(lái)代替不定式(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))或名詞性從句作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。Its not easy to learn a foreign language.(作形式主語(yǔ),代替不定式短語(yǔ))學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)不容易。Its impossible for him to get there in time.(作形式主語(yǔ),代替不定式短語(yǔ))他不可能及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.(作形式主語(yǔ),代替動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ))獨(dú)居而不和外人來(lái)往是沒(méi)有好處的。I find it easy to get on with Jim.(作形式賓語(yǔ),代替不定式短語(yǔ))我發(fā)現(xiàn)和吉姆相處很容易。I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.(作形式賓語(yǔ),代替名詞性從句)我已經(jīng)講得很清楚了,任何人都不準(zhǔn)在這兒吸煙。用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本形式:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+其他成分。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為“人”時(shí)可用who/that,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是“事物”時(shí)用that。It is I who/that am right.(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ))It was him that/who we met at the school gate.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ))It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ))二、物主代詞的用法二、物主代詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.(2017河南八市重點(diǎn)高中二次質(zhì)檢)That time, I thought he was a strange man who got on my (I)nerves.答案答案my設(shè)空處后為名詞,再根據(jù)提示詞“I”可知設(shè)空處需用形容詞性物主代詞,故填my。get on ones nerves為固定短語(yǔ),意為“煩擾某人,使某人心神不定”。2.(2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong, with its (it) choking smog.答案答案its空格處作名詞短語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ),故填形容詞性物主代詞its。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用3.This is 18-year-old Musa Bockaries story about how first aid saved his (he) life.答案答案his設(shè)空處需用形容詞性物主代詞作名詞life的定語(yǔ),故填his。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)4.(2017全國(guó)卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memo-ries of your high school days. yourmy 答案答案yourmy根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,此處為物主代詞指代錯(cuò)誤,your應(yīng)改為my。用法精講用法精講意思類(lèi)別 我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs1.形容詞性物主代詞形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞。置于名詞之前,作定語(yǔ)。Is this your seat,sir?這是你的座位嗎,先生?The government has changed its policy.政府已經(jīng)改變了政策。2.名詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。This is not my dictionary.Mine was lent to Lucy.(作主語(yǔ))這不是我的字典,我的借給露西了。This camera is mine and that is yours.(作表語(yǔ))這部照相機(jī)是我的,那部是你的。Every person showed their ticket,and I showed mine too.(作賓語(yǔ))每個(gè)人都出示了他們的票,我也出示了我的。三、反身代詞的用法三、反身代詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.“She thought I had hurt myself (),”says Pahlsson.答案答案myself空格處在從句中作賓語(yǔ),結(jié)合語(yǔ)境“她以為我傷到了自己”和主語(yǔ)I可知,空格處應(yīng)該填寫(xiě)反身代詞myself。2.(2017山東師大附中二模) At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced herself (her).答案答案herself設(shè)空處作賓語(yǔ),設(shè)空處與主語(yǔ)an attractive young lady指同一個(gè)人,故用反身代詞herself。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用3.He seems to be giving the impression that he didnt enjoy himself (he) in Paris, on the contrary,he had a wonderful time.答案答案himself此處為常用短語(yǔ)enjoy oneself,意為“玩得高興;過(guò)得快樂(lè)”。故空格處填反身代詞himself。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)4.(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. yourselfmyself 答案答案yourselfmyself句意:起初,我以為我什么都知道,可以自己做決定。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)境可知,結(jié)尾的反身代詞yourself使用錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)改為myself。人稱(chēng)數(shù) 第一人稱(chēng)第二人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves用法精講用法精講反身代詞的基本用法反身代詞的基本用法:Tom taughthimselfChinese.:You cant leavethe baby byhimself.:She is not quiteherselftoday.:Imyselfcan repairthe bike.動(dòng)賓湯姆自學(xué)了漢語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)介賓你不能把那個(gè)嬰兒獨(dú)自留在那里。作表語(yǔ)她今天不在狀態(tài)。作同位語(yǔ)我自己能修那輛自行車(chē)。四、不定代詞的用法四、不定代詞的用法單句填空單句填空1.Niki is always full of ideas,but none is useful to my knowledge.答案答案none句意:Niki總是會(huì)有很多想法,但是就我所知沒(méi)有一個(gè)想法是有用的。本題考查代詞。none(三者或三者以上)沒(méi)有一個(gè)。單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)2.(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school. allboth或刪除或刪除all 答案答案allboth或刪除all題干提到的是兩個(gè)人,而all指三者或三者以上的全部,故把a(bǔ)ll改為both或刪除all。語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用語(yǔ)境運(yùn)用1.both,all,either,any,neither,none的區(qū)別詞義指代 都任何(一個(gè))都不兩個(gè)人或物botheitherneither三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物;不可數(shù)名詞allanynone用法精講用法精講Ive bought two books;you can have either.我買(mǎi)了兩本書(shū),你要哪本都行。None of this money is mine. 這筆錢(qián)沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)是我的。 指代用來(lái)回答相當(dāng)于none人或物how manyhow muchnot anynobody(no one)人whonot anyonenot anybodynothing物whatnot anything2.none,nobody/no one,nothing的區(qū)別3.one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的區(qū)別We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose one(=a summer camp)based on your own interests.(one代替“a/an+單數(shù)名詞”)我們?yōu)槟募倨跍?zhǔn)備了各種各樣的夏令營(yíng),您可以根據(jù)自己的興趣選擇一種。 替代onea/an+單數(shù)名詞ones零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞the onethe+單數(shù)名詞the onesthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞thatthe+單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞thosethe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞The book on the desk is better than the one/that(=the book)under the desk.(the one/that代替“the+單數(shù)名詞”)桌上的那本書(shū)比桌下的那本書(shū)要好。The books on the desk are better than the ones/those(=the books)under the desk.(the ones/those代替“the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”)桌上的那些書(shū)比桌下的那些書(shū)好。Little joy can equal that(=the joy)of a surprising ending when you read sto-ries.(that代替“the+不可數(shù)名詞”)幾乎沒(méi)有什么樂(lè)趣能比得上在閱讀故事時(shí)讀到一個(gè)出乎意料的結(jié)局時(shí)的樂(lè)趣。技巧點(diǎn)撥技巧點(diǎn)撥語(yǔ)篇型填空和短文改錯(cuò)中均有考查名詞的題目。如:例1Two months (month)ago, a policeman caught a thief.例2This book doesnt belong to me. It is Toms (Tom).例3The books (book)that they are talking about are very interesting. 例4I have only been there a couple of time.(改錯(cuò)) timetimes 一般情況下,語(yǔ)篇型填空常在有提示詞的情況下要求考生寫(xiě)出適當(dāng)形式的名詞,常考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或名詞所有格。其解題思路是:當(dāng)設(shè)空處前為冠詞(a,an,the)、數(shù)詞、名詞所有格(Toms)、形容詞性物主代詞(my, your等)或形容詞等時(shí),通常可判斷設(shè)空處是在考查名詞(如例1);如果設(shè)空處后有定語(yǔ)從句、形容詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí),一般可判斷設(shè)空處是考查名詞(如例3);作句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(包括介詞的賓語(yǔ))時(shí),一般可以考慮設(shè)空處考查名詞。如果提示詞為名詞,需要考慮該名詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式還是所有格形式(如例2)。短文改錯(cuò)一般考查名詞的“數(shù)”和“格”,常要求考生根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容將不合邏輯的有關(guān)名詞的“數(shù)”或“格”的錯(cuò)誤找出來(lái)并加以改正(如例4)?？疾榇~的題目常常出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇型填空和短文改錯(cuò)中。如:例1I am sorry I cant lend the bike to you, for Tom is using it .例2Helen is studying in the library. You can find her (she)there.例3The problem is difficult to deal with. I can t solve it by myself (me).例4I can t work without my glasses. They re very important to you.(改錯(cuò)) youme 在選擇代詞時(shí),我們要考慮是指代人還是指代物,是男還是女,是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)?？疾楣谠~的題目常常出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇型填空中。如:例1He asked me to go out for a walk in the park.例2Do you know the girl in the room? 語(yǔ)篇型填空中,若名詞前沒(méi)有其他限定詞時(shí),很可能就是填冠詞。確定用定冠詞還是用不定冠詞可依據(jù)其表泛指還是特指(如例2),有時(shí)要依據(jù)固定搭配(如例1)。