江西省上饒市橫峰中學(xué)高中英語《unit5 Learning about Language》教學(xué)課件 新人教版選修7

高二人教新課標版選修七高二人教新課標版選修七Unit 5 Travelling abroad Learning about Language The Attributive Clause 2在定語從句中在定語從句中, 當先行詞是表示當先行詞是表示時間、地點時間、地點或原因的名詞時或原因的名詞時, 就要分別用就要分別用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why來引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo), 在從句中作在從句中作狀語狀語。關(guān)系。關(guān)系副詞副詞 when, where, why 的含義相當于的含義相當于“介詞介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu), 因此常?？梢院鸵虼顺３？梢院汀敖樵~介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。1. I remembered the day when (on which) I first came to the school. 2. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.3. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused to help you? 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞VS關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞 選擇關(guān)系代詞選擇關(guān)系代詞, 還是關(guān)系副詞首先要還是關(guān)系副詞首先要判斷先行詞在定語從句中充當?shù)某煞郑号袛嘞刃性~在定語從句中充當?shù)某煞郑宏P(guān)系關(guān)系代詞一般充當主語、賓語代詞一般充當主語、賓語 (whose充當定語充當定語); 而關(guān)系副詞一般充當狀語。而關(guān)系副詞一般充當狀語。1. This is the factory where I stayed last year. 2. This is the factory which I visited last year.3. Ill never forget the days when I worked with you in the city.4. Ill never forget the days that I spent with you in the city.1. Is this the museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one2. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the oneB D Choose the best answer. 1. The reason _he gave us is enough.2. The reason _ he was late is unknown.3. We must learn to act in ways _ do not harm other living things.4. I dont like the way _ he talks.5. This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.that/which/-whythat / whichthat/in which/-that/which/-Fill in the blanks. 介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞1. 根據(jù)介詞和定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配。根據(jù)介詞和定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配。Who is the man with whom you just shook hands?In the dark street there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help。 A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom析析: 答案為答案為 D 。介詞。介詞 to 和定語從句中的和定語從句中的 turn 構(gòu)成固定搭配構(gòu)成固定搭配 turn to sb. for help, 意為意為“向向某人求助某人求助”。 D2. 根據(jù)定語從句意思的需要根據(jù)定語從句意思的需要, 此時不但要注意此時不但要注意 其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。 He had a bad cold, because of which he didnt attend the meeting. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30pm _ many people have got home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which 析析: 答案為答案為 D 。根據(jù)句意。根據(jù)句意“到下午到下午 5: 30 時，時， 許多人已經(jīng)到家了許多人已經(jīng)到家了”, 且定語從句中又用了完且定語從句中又用了完 成時成時, 故應(yīng)用介詞故應(yīng)用介詞 by。D注意注意1) 介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2) that 前不能有介詞。前不能有介詞。3) 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語 的的“介詞介詞+關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when， where 和和 why 互換。互換。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.4. whose可轉(zhuǎn)換為可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of +關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”型型。They live in a house, whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.aboutonwithoutFill in the blanks with proper prepositions.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?5. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.6. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.forto whommost of whichFor more exercises, click here.The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句1. 限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句限制性定語從句: 所謂限制性定語從句就是先行所謂限制性定語從句就是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語詞在意義上不可缺少的定語, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主句就主句就會失去意義或意義不完整。這種從句和先行詞會失去意義或意義不完整。這種從句和先行詞的關(guān)系十分密切的關(guān)系十分密切, 寫時不用逗號和主句分開。寫時不用逗號和主句分開。I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我們辦公室唯一被邀請的人。我是我們辦公室唯一被邀請的人。 (如果把從句去掉如果把從句去掉, 整個句子的含義就變了整個句子的含義就變了)非限制性定語從句：非限制性定語從句：非限制性定語從句和主句的非限制性定語從句和主句的關(guān)系并不十分密切，只是對先行詞做些附加說關(guān)系并不十分密切，只是對先行詞做些附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號隔開。在講話時語調(diào)句和主句之間往往用逗號隔開。在講話時語調(diào)上須停頓，一般不用上須停頓，一般不用that引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。His dog, which was then very old, became ill and died. 他的狗當時很老了他的狗當時很老了, 生病后就死了。生病后就死了。(去掉從句，主句的意義仍然完整：他的狗生病去掉從句，主句的意義仍然完整：他的狗生病死了。死了。) 2) Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我碰上李雷了，他好象很忙。昨天我碰上李雷了，他好象很忙。 (去掉從句去掉從句, 意義仍然完整意義仍然完整: 昨天我碰上李雷了昨天我碰上李雷了)2. 非限制性定語從句中的一些問題：非限制性定語從句中的一些問題：a. 非限制性定語從句中非限制性定語從句中, 指物時指物時, 用用which而不用而不用 that。1) Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.2) All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.b. 指人時主格用指人時主格用who, 賓格用賓格用whom, 物主格用物主格用 whose (也可指物也可指物)。1) Miss Howe, whom you met in the library, is our new teacher.2) The Arabs, who are famous for their horses and camels, use these animals for work and in sports.3) Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.c. 另外關(guān)系副詞另外關(guān)系副詞when (指時間指時間), where (指地指地 點點) 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 (注意關(guān)系注意關(guān)系 副詞副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句); why 不引導(dǎo)定語從句。不引導(dǎo)定語從句。1) He lives in the city, where there is a high tower.2) The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949, when he was born.d. 介詞加關(guān)系代詞也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語介詞加關(guān)系代詞也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語 從句。從句。1) Wu Dong, with whom I went to see the film, enjoyed it very much.2) Her bag, in which she put all her books, has not been found.3) The story about the Long March, of which this is an example, are well written.3. as, which 非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句 由由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as 和和 which可代整個主句，相當于可代整個主句，相當于and this 或或 and that。as 一般放在句首，一般放在句首，which在句中。在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、或表語。在定語從句中作主語、賓語、或表語。as 常用于常用于the same.as, such. as , as. as和和so.as 結(jié)構(gòu)中。結(jié)構(gòu)中。as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句常采用省略形式。引導(dǎo)的定語從句常采用省略形式。I have never seen such a lazy man as you (are).我從來沒有見過像你這樣懶的人。我從來沒有見過像你這樣懶的人。(作表語作表語)as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句Let children read such books as will make them better and wiser.讓孩子們讀使他們變得更好更聰明的書。讓孩子們讀使他們變得更好更聰明的書。(作主語作主語)Take as many as you want.你想要多少就拿多少。你想要多少就拿多少。(作賓語作賓語)Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.這兒有一塊沒人能搬走的那么大的石頭。這兒有一塊沒人能搬走的那么大的石頭。(作賓語作賓語)注注: the same.后既可以用后既可以用that 也可以用也可以用 as 來引導(dǎo)來引導(dǎo)定語從句定語從句, that “同一的同一的”即指同一事物即指同一事物; 而后者引導(dǎo)而后者引導(dǎo)定語從句時定語從句時, as “相似相似”即指同類事物。即指同類事物。如如:1) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. (This sentence means: This pen is mine. I lost it yesterday.)2) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. (This sentence means: This pen is very much like mine that I lost yesterday. In fact, it isnt mine.)AS 和和 WHICH 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 首先，首先，as和和which都可以表示主句在意義上的都可以表示主句在意義上的連貫，在從句中作主語，或用作及物動詞的連貫，在從句中作主語，或用作及物動詞的賓語。賓語。e.g. He married her, which/as was natural I was very useful to him, which/as he realized 但下列情況下但下列情況下as和和which一般不能互換一般不能互換:1. as 既可以指前面提到過的事實或情況既可以指前面提到過的事實或情況, 因此因此as可以放在句首、句末可以放在句首、句末, 也可以插入主句中也可以插入主句中, 而而which指前面提到的事實或情況指前面提到的事實或情況, 一般放在主句之后一般放在主句之后(有時也可用有時也可用as)。 如：如： As our teacher points out, that book is of benefit to everyone. Heat is a form of energy, as is known to all of us This machine, as might be expected, has stopped operating2. As 含有正如、按照、正像之意含有正如、按照、正像之意, as 一般用一般用 在肯定句中在肯定句中, 而而 which 則可以用于含否定則可以用于含否定 意義的句子中，如：意義的句子中，如： He failed in the exam again, as was expected. He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected3. 當關(guān)系代詞代表主句引起的結(jié)果，當關(guān)系代詞代表主句引起的結(jié)果， 又做主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語時，又做主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語時， 多用多用which, 如：如： He saw the girl, which delighted him He didnt pass the exam, which made his mother angry4. 下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)下列固定結(jié)構(gòu), 一般不能用一般不能用which, 如：如：as has been said before 如前所述如前所述as often happens 正像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣正像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣as is well known 眾所周知眾所周知as will be shown in Fig 3 將如圖將如圖3所示所示as we know 正如我們知道的那樣正如我們知道的那樣as may be imagined 這可以想象得出來這可以想象得出來as we all can see 正如我們大家看到的那樣正如我們大家看到的那樣 as follows 如下如下1. (2007 山東山東) We are just to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 解析解析: 本句中先行詞本句中先行詞 a point= a stage in sths development 表發(fā)展的階段、地步表發(fā)展的階段、地步, 為抽象為抽象地點地點, 故選關(guān)系副詞故選關(guān)系副詞where 引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。 真題解析真題解析A2. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. A. until B. that C. when D. where解析：本題考察定語從句，主句中的先行解析：本題考察定語從句，主句中的先行詞詞the hours被其它成分分割，只要考生能被其它成分分割，只要考生能夠認清真正的先行詞，就不難得出答案，夠認清真正的先行詞，就不難得出答案，the hours表示時間，所以應(yīng)該選擇一個表示時間，所以應(yīng)該選擇一個表示時間的關(guān)系副詞，即表示時間的關(guān)系副詞，即when。C高考鏈接高考鏈接- 20101. (10福建福建24) Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. that B. whereC. which D. whose 2. (10湖南湖南28) Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. whichBA高考鏈接高考鏈接- 20091. ( 09山東山東 24 ) Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A.who B. which C. when D. that 2. (09寧夏海南寧夏海南28) She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before.A. them B. who C. whom D. theseBC1. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days. (2008重慶重慶) A. where B. there C. which D. when2. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with the kids. (08山東山東)A. who B. which C. why D. when高考鏈接高考鏈接- 2008A D 3. Ill give you my friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. (08北京卷北京卷) A. which B. when C. whom D. where4. All the neighbor admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008安徽卷安徽卷) A. why B. where C. which D. thatA B 1. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. 2007 山東卷山東卷 A. that B. there C. which D. where 2. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 2007 安徽卷安徽卷 A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom高考鏈接高考鏈接 - 2007D D 3. After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do. 2007 江西卷江西卷 A. that B. what C. which D. where4. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 2007 陜西卷陜西卷 A. which B. asC. why D. whereD D 5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. 2007 天津卷天津卷 A. when B. whose C. which D. where6. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. 2007 重慶卷重慶卷A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for whichD B For more exercises, click here.HOMEWORKFind more information about the attributive clause and remember the rules.