高中英語人教版必修四教學(xué)案：Unit 2 Section 4 Word版含答案精修版

人教版英語精品資料（精修版）Read the passage quickly and complete the following questions1Match each part with its main ideaPart 1 (Para1) AFarmers and customers turn to organic farming and how farmerskeep their soil richPart 2 (Para2) BScientists have found that chemical fertilizers cause damageto the land and people's healthPart 3 (Paras3&4) CSome of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers答案：Part 1BPart 2CPart 3A2What does the passage tell us?Since chemical fertilizers have caused damage,_farmers have turned to organic_farming,_using natural_waste to keep the soil richRead the passage carefully and choose the best answers1From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who _Agrow crops with chemical fertilizersBgrow crops with natural fertilizersCproduce organic fertilizersDcare for the environment2From the fourth paragraph, we know that _Ait's not good to plant grass between cropsBpeanuts use the ground's surfaceCpeas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheatDvegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil3According to the text, which of the following is NOT the problem caused by chemical fertilizers?ACrop diseases can be stoppedBChemicals stay in the ground and underground water for a long timeCThe helpful bacteria and pests are killed as well as the harmful onesDMany of these chemicals are dangerous to people's health答案：13BBA單詞拼寫1The number of people suffering from heart disease will be greatly reduced (減少) if they are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables2The focus (焦點(diǎn)) of public health is prevention and protection rather than treatment3The spokesman refused to comment (評論) on the matter4All the mistakes in the exam have been underlined (畫底線標(biāo)出) in red ink5Bacteria (細(xì)菌) are very small living things, some of which cause illness or disease6Good nutrition (營養(yǎng)) is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery7It is important for you to skim (瀏覽) through the text拓展詞匯1confusevt使迷惑；使為難confused adj困惑的；煩惱的confusing adj令人困惑的confusion n困惑；混亂2regretvt遺憾；惋惜 n遺憾；懊悔regretful adj遺憾的；后悔的regretfully adv遺憾地；痛惜地3chemicaladj化學(xué)的；關(guān)于化學(xué)的chemistry n化學(xué)4mineraln礦物；礦石mine n礦；礦山5productionn生產(chǎn)；制造produce vt生產(chǎn)；制造producer n生產(chǎn)者；制片人6discoveryn發(fā)現(xiàn)；發(fā)覺discover vt發(fā)現(xiàn)discoverer n發(fā)現(xiàn)者7summaryn總結(jié)；摘要；概要summarize vt總結(jié)；概括巧記單詞例詞規(guī)律派生詞regretfulv­fuladjconfusedv­(e)dadjdiscoveryv­yn補(bǔ)全短語1(be) in need of需要2cause damage to給造成損害3wash off將洗掉；洗凈4build up逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā)5lead to導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)6in addition 另外7focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于8keep free from/of使免受(影響、傷害等)；使不含(有害物)1教材原句Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long­term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health然而，最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會對土地造成損害，甚至更危險的是，會對人們的健康造成危害。句型點(diǎn)撥現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時表示從過去發(fā)生的謂語動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。佳句賞析The Grade Two classes have been observing the plants around the school and finding the animals that live there二年級各班的學(xué)生在學(xué)校周邊觀察植物和尋找小動物。2教材原句Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物能使土壤重新富含重要的礦物質(zhì)，這為種植需要肥沃土壤的農(nóng)作物，如小麥和玉米等做好了準(zhǔn)備。句型點(diǎn)撥現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作結(jié)果狀語。佳句賞析(2013·天津高考滿分作文) On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner, providing us students a platform to practice our oral English另一方面，我將幫著建立英語角，提供給我們學(xué)生一個練習(xí)英語口語的平臺。 CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long­term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's healthWhat are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and mineralsWith these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicalsOrganic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health化學(xué)耕作還是有機(jī)耕作？在過去的半個世紀(jì)里，在耕作中使用化學(xué)肥料已經(jīng)非常普遍。許多農(nóng)民喜歡使用化肥，把化肥作為防治農(nóng)作物病蟲害和增產(chǎn)的重要手段。然而，最近科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會對土地造成損害，甚至更危險的是，會對人們的健康造成危害。化學(xué)肥料都能造成哪些問題呢？首先，它們殺死有害細(xì)菌和害蟲的同時也殺死了有益細(xì)菌和益蟲，從而對土地造成損害?；瘜W(xué)肥料還會在土壤和地下水中保存很長時間。這將會影響農(nóng)作物，因此影響到動物和人類，因?yàn)榛瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)會進(jìn)入到農(nóng)作物里面，并且不能被沖洗掉。食物中的這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)會隨著時間的推移而在人體內(nèi)逐漸堆積。很多化學(xué)物質(zhì)能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。另外，使用化學(xué)肥料種植的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生長過快而缺少足夠的營養(yǎng)。它們可能看起來很好，但里面通常含更多的水分而不是維生素和礦物質(zhì)。由于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些農(nóng)民和很多消費(fèi)者開始轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕作。有機(jī)耕作就是不使用任何化學(xué)肥料的耕作。他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。健康的土壤能減少病害并促進(jìn)農(nóng)作物茁壯生長。因此，有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民通常更喜歡使用天然的動物糞便作肥料。他們認(rèn)為這樣能使土壤中的礦物質(zhì)更豐富因而也會更肥沃。這也能使空氣、土壤、水和農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民也使用很多其他的方式保持土壤肥沃。他們經(jīng)常每隔幾年就在一塊土地里更換一次農(nóng)作物，例如，今年種植玉米或小麥，來年改種豌豆和大豆。像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物能使土壤重新富含重要的礦物質(zhì)，這為種植需要肥沃土壤的農(nóng)作物，如小麥和玉米等做好了準(zhǔn)備。有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民也使用不同的土壤層種植作物，例如，先種植生長在表層土壤的花生，然后種植生根于深層土壤的蔬菜。有些有機(jī)耕作的農(nóng)民喜歡在農(nóng)作物之間種草來防止水土流失，然后將草留在地里成為來年農(nóng)作物的天然肥料。這些不同的有機(jī)耕作方式有一個相同的目標(biāo)：種植好糧食并避免損害環(huán)境和人們的健康。1It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students(P13)把這個再解釋一遍很重要，否則我們就會使學(xué)生感到迷惑。confuse vt使迷惑；使為難confuse A with/and B把A與B混淆be/get confused by sth 被搞糊涂了be confused about sth 對感到困惑Be careful not to confuse quantity with/and quality注意不要把數(shù)量與質(zhì)量混淆了。I was getting confused (confuse) by such a confusing problem我正被這個困惑的問題搞得不知所措。If you're confused about anything, phone my office如果你有感到困惑的問題，給我辦公室打電話。2regretvt遺憾；惋惜n遺憾；懊悔(P13) (1)regret 后悔做了某事regret to say/tell/inform that 遺憾地說(告知)regret that 從句 遺憾(2)with great/deep regret 很遺憾to one's regret to the regret of sb 讓某人感到遺憾的是After he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted making/having made such a hasty decision仔細(xì)地考慮了這個問題后，他后悔做出了這么匆忙的決定。I regret to_tell (tell) you that I can't travel to Beijing together with you at the appointed time我很遺憾地告訴你我不能在約定的時間和你去北京了。Much_to_our_regret,_we will not be able to visit you next year讓我們深感遺憾的是，我們明年不能去拜訪你了。3These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time(P14)隨著時間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會在人體中堆積。build up逐漸增加；建立；開發(fā)build (oneself) up to sth為做準(zhǔn)備build oneself up 增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)build up a fame 建立名聲build up one's health/body 增進(jìn)健康It's said that she's built up a very successful business據(jù)說她已創(chuàng)辦了一家成功的企業(yè)。His confidence built_up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching隨著他在教學(xué)中獲得了越來越多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他的信心在逐漸增加。You must build_yourself_up after your illness患病之后，你必須增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。點(diǎn)津build up (form steadily)意為“逐步建立；逐步形成”，如build up one's strength(增強(qiáng)體力)。build還指“建筑；建造”，如build a house(建房子)。4Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses(P14)很多化學(xué)物質(zhì)能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。lead to導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向lead sb to do sth使某人做某事lead/live a life 過樣的生活lead the way 引路；帶路The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's being caught新證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得小偷被抓住。(天津高考書面表達(dá))In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practice (practice) speaking English in an interesting way在課堂上我會把學(xué)生分成小組，用有趣的方法讓他們練習(xí)說英語。He decided to lead/live_a_new_life after the unusual experience這次不平常的經(jīng)歷過后，他決定過一種新的生活。點(diǎn)津lead to中的to為介詞，后接名詞、代詞或v­ing 形式。5They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease(P14)他們關(guān)心的是保持土壤肥沃并免受病害。focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于(1)focus one's attention/thoughts/minds/eyes on 集中注意力/精力/思想/目光于(2)bring/throw sth into focus使某物明朗化；使某物突出the focus of attention關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)The meeting focused on whether we should build a new teaching building這次會議的主要議題是我們是否應(yīng)該建一棟新的教學(xué)樓。(2013·四川高考書面表達(dá))If we find those materials interesting, we'll focus our attention on them for long如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那些材料有趣，我們的注意力就會長時間集中在它們身上。She always wants to be the_focus_of_attention她老想成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。6A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy(P14)健康的土壤會減少病蟲害并且促進(jìn)農(nóng)作物茁壯成長。reduce vt減少；減縮reduce by 把減少了reduce to 把減少到；把變?yōu)槟撤N狀態(tài)be reduced to 陷入某種境地With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days經(jīng)過很大的努力，她在過去的七天里體重輕了5公斤The price of that type of air­conditioner has been reduced to 1,000 yuan那種型號的空調(diào)的價格已經(jīng)下降到了一千元。She was_reduced_to begging for a living她被迫淪落至乞討為生。7This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals(P14)這也能使空氣、土壤、水以及農(nóng)作物不受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。keep free from/of使免受(影響、傷害等)；使不含(有害物)be free from/of不受傷害free sb/sth from/of sth 解除；去除You had better keep this area free of air pollution你最好讓這個地區(qū)免受空氣污染。They like living in a village, free from/of crowds and noises他們喜歡住在村子里，遠(yuǎn)離人群和喧鬧。These exercises help free the body of tension這些鍛煉可以使緊張的身體放松。8Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil(P14)像豌豆或大豆這樣的農(nóng)作物能使土壤重新富含重要的礦物質(zhì)，這為種植需要肥沃土壤的農(nóng)作物，如小麥和玉米等做好了準(zhǔn)備。本句中making it為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示前面的情況所造成的結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于and made it ready for crops; that 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾 wheat or corn。Many people from all over the world have moved to America, making it the most multicultural country in the world來自世界各地的很多人去了美國，使之成為世界上最多元文化的國家。Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing (cause) the delay他們的車遇上交通阻塞，因而耽誤了。點(diǎn)津現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的、意料之中的結(jié)果；不定式短語作結(jié)果狀語表示偶然的意料之外的結(jié)果，且前面常有only修飾。He hurried to the airport, only_to_be_told that the plane had taken off他匆忙趕到機(jī)場，結(jié)果被告知飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。9Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments(P15)和你的搭檔交換摘要并互作評論。comment n評論；議論vt& vi表達(dá)意見；作出評論(1)make comments on/upon sth 評論某事offer comments 提意見no comment 無可奉告(2)comment on/upon 對發(fā)表評論comment that 評論說She made helpful comments on/upon my work她對我的工作提出了有益的意見。Don't offer_comments if you cannot understand the real meaning如果你不能真正理解它的意義，請不要亂提意見。People were always commenting on/upon my sister's looks人們總是對我妹妹的容貌評頭論足。He commented_that he thought it was time for us to go home他發(fā)表意見說到我們回家的時間了。單句語法填空1Users will be encouraged to add to and comment on/upon the material2The criminal hoped that the police would help keep him free from punishment if he helped the police catch the murderer3With the pressure building up,_she was off work for weeks because she couldn't stand it any more4This meeting focused the world's attention on the poverty of some African countries5We firmly believe that war never settles anything It only leads to violence6We heard with regret that you had failed the examination7Many people are_confused (confuse) about the new ways of measuring temperature8The production costs have been reduced by 30%9The child slipped and fell, hitting (hit) his head against the door10He hurried to the bus station only to_find (find) that the last bus had left完成句子1Seize the chance, or you'll_regret抓住這次機(jī)會，否則你會后悔的。2(2013·重慶高考書面表達(dá))According to a research, the total number is_reduced_to less than 1,000 now按照調(diào)查結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在總數(shù)已減少到不足1 000只。3The look on her face suggested she_was_confused_about the instructions她的表情表明她對那些說明感到困惑。一句多譯1祖母總是喜歡就孫女的裙子作評價。The grandmother always likes making_comments_on her granddaughter's dress(comment n)The grandmother always likes commenting_on her granddaughter's dress(comment v)2玩電腦游戲讓孩子們在校表現(xiàn)差，增加了家長的憂慮。Playing computer games leads to teenagers' poor performance at school, _adding_to_parents'_worriesPlaying computer games leads to teenagers' poor performance at school, which_adds_to_parents'_worries對應(yīng)學(xué)生課下能力提升(七)根據(jù)提示寫出單詞的正確形式1The media has brought the safety of school buses into focus (焦點(diǎn))2Just skim (瀏覽) through the second section to save time3He always underlines (畫底線標(biāo)出) the words he doesn't understand so that he can look them up in the dictionary later4They've reduced (減縮) the prices in the shop, so it's a good time to do some shopping5I can't comment (作出評論) on your decision but you'd better consider it again before you start your project6The production (produce) of consumer goods has increased throughout the world7People are confused (confuse) about all the different labels on food these days8The following is a summary (summarize) of our conclusion9A lot of poisonous waste from the chemical (chemistry) works polluted the river10She looked at her watch and turned regretfully (regret) towards home選詞填空cause damage to, wash off, build up, lead to, in addition, focus on, keepfree from/of, comment on, in summary, to one's regret1We should focus our attention on our study at school2It was the driver's carelessness that led_to the car accident3The doctors tried their best to build_up the patient's confidence before the operation4My friend wrote a new book Whether it is good or not, I don't want to comment_on it5Winter is coming, and a thick cover should be put on the vegetables to keep them free_from/of cold6In_summary,_we have achieved our goal at this meeting7To_his_regret,_he didn't get the chance to work in that company8The drought here has caused_great damage_to the crops9Please wash that mud off_(your boots) before you come into the house10In_addition,_we need to work harder to achieve our dream完成句子1Let's work hard together to_build_up a harmonious community!讓我們?yōu)榇蛟煲粋€和諧的社區(qū)而共同努力吧！2The question raised by the famous scholar has_led_to some serious thinking about life's purpose由這位著名的學(xué)者提出的問題已引起了人們對生命意義的深思。3We regret_to_inform_you that we cannot go there with you我們很遺憾地通知您我們無法和您一起去那兒。4He shut down the engines to slow the ship, making_it_easier_to give up他關(guān)閉了發(fā)動機(jī)來降低船速，這使得拋棄這艘船更容易。5Focusing_on_your_study is very important, especially on such particular days集中注意力學(xué)習(xí)是很重要的，尤其是在這樣特殊的日子里。6He put a cover on the table to keep_it_free_from dirt他蓋上了桌子，使它沒有灰塵。7Because of the speed limit, the driver had got to reduce_his_car_speed_to 40 kilometers per hour由于限速，司機(jī)只好把車速減到每小時四十公里。8Some famous experts are often invited to CCTV to_comment_on international situations中國中央電視臺經(jīng)常邀請一些著名專家評論國際局勢。完形填空I have been working as a language assistant in Northern Spain for just over a month Now I still enjoy introducing myself and talking about _1_ in the UK However, I have _2_ that many Spanish students, teachers and friends of mine seem to think that the UK has only one place to _3_ London!Of course London is our capital city and a _4_ place to visit, but my personal _5_ is that it is a big grey city with too many people I think that foreign visitors should really _6_ the UK a bit more! Living in Spain, I often have to _7_ that there are lots of other beautiful places to visit in my country There are _8_ some impressive historical or architectural featuresFor example, my _9_ where I was born in the UK is in the historical city of Chester In Spain, few people have heard of this city and so I _10_ the location by saying it is near Manchester Yet Chester is a beautiful and _11_ city in itself! As it is a Roman city, we have city walls _12_ the city centre, Roman ruins and even an amphitheatre (競技場)! In addition, the _13_ of the buildings in the city centre were built in the 1300s It means that most of the houses and shops are very _14_For these _15_， Chester is a very popular city among Asian and British tourists who want to _16_ the historical sites The majority of Spaniards don't seem to _17_ it yet! It seems that most Spanish people who have visited the UK _18_ in London and didn't visit anywhere else I hope that _19_ you get the chance to visit my beautiful country, you might be a bit more _20_ and travel outside of our capital city語篇解讀：本文為夾敘夾議文，題材為日常生活類。作者發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)西班牙人只知道倫敦，而不知道英國的其他地方。對于這種情況，作者舉例介紹了這個國家的其他旅游資源。1AeconomyBcultureChistory Dpolitics解析：選B根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者初到西班牙，喜歡談?wù)撚奈幕?Adoubted BhopedCpromised Dnoticed解析：選D作者注意到大多數(shù)西班牙人認(rèn)為英國只有一個地方可以去旅行。3Avisit BliveCeat Denter解析：選A參考上題解析。第4空后“place to visit”也有提示。4Acrowded BspecialCwonderful Dsafe解析：選C倫敦是英國的首都，所以作者承認(rèn)它是一個非常好的地方。8空前“other beautiful places”也有提示。5Aknowledge BinformationCopinion Dsuggestion解析：選C作者認(rèn)為，外國游客確實(shí)需要探索英國更多的地方，也就是到別的地方旅游。6Aexplore BpraiseCunderstand Dlove解析：選A參考上題解析。7Abelieve BimagineCadmit Dexplain解析：選D外國游客好像只知道倫敦，所以作者經(jīng)常解釋這個國家的其他地方。8Aonly BstillCalso Djust解析：選C在英國不僅僅有許多美麗的地方，也有歷史和建筑特色。9Aoffice BhomeCcollege Dfamily解析：選B根據(jù)本空后“where I was born”可知，此處指作者的家鄉(xiāng)。10Adescribe BtranslateCshow Dprove解析：選A很少人聽說切斯特，所以作者描述這個地方，說它在曼徹斯特附近。11Adangerous BactiveCterrible Dimportant解析：選D根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知，切斯特是一座重要的城市。12Adefending BfacingCcircling Dstanding解析：選C這是一座羅馬時代的城市，四周有城墻圍繞著市中心和一些廢墟，乃至一個競技場。13Arest BmajorityCpart Dminority解析：選B根據(jù)下文中的“ most of the houses and shops”可知，此處指這座城市的大多數(shù)建筑物。14Astrange BoldCugly Dsolid解析：選B大多數(shù)建筑是在十四世紀(jì)建造的，所以它們很古老。15Abeliefs BresultsCexcuses Dreasons解析：選D作者在上文介紹了切斯特，所以由于上述原因，這座城市很受游客歡迎，游客們會來觀瞻這些歷史遺跡。16Asee BchooseCcollect Dleave解析：選A參考上題解析。17Aknow about Blook afterClearn from Dcheer for解析：選A西班牙人好像不了解切斯特。西班牙游客去英國都待在倫敦，而不去其他任何地方旅行。18Aplayed BworkedCstayed Dstudied解析：選C參考上題解析。19Athough BifCbefore Duntil解析：選B如果有機(jī)會游覽這個美麗的國家，就多看看除倫敦之外的其他地方。20Anervous BconvenientCdifferent Dadventurous解析：選D作者建議去除倫敦之外的其他地方進(jìn)行探險之旅，這樣顯得那些人更具冒險性。閱讀理解ATo country walkers, they are the plants to be avoided But to gardeners, it appears that stinging nettles (大蕁麻) may be attractive as they are now being sold for 799 to those who wish to boost the wildlife in their flowerbedsThe Gardeningexpresscouk website sells stinging nettles in its “weeds (雜草) and wildlife Plants” section, and says supplies have already been snapped up (搶購) by eager buyersThe product description tells gardeners: “Many people are now planting these in their gardens for wildlife They are important food for the caterpi