【精校版】人教版高中英語必修五 Unit5閱讀理解急救篇 題型專項突破

人教版精品英語資料（精校版）題型專項突破-Unit5閱讀理解（急救篇）一、閱讀理解1. First aid means the aid or help that can be given to an injured person first, that is, before any other help arrives. Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do, if a serious accident happens, is to telephone for an ambulance. Sometimes quick action by us may save someones life. ShockPeople often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injury is a small one. The face turns grey, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink. Broken bonesDo not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once. Treat for shock if necessary. BleedingA little bleeding does no harm. It washes dirt from the wound. But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or help arrives. PoisonA person who has taken poison should be taken to a hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the patient sick by pressing your fingers down his throat. Remember: When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him. (1) According to the passage when a serious accident happens, the first thing we should do is to _. A. take some actionsB. save the life of the injured personC. phone for an ambulanceD. keep the injured person warm and quiet(2) Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. First aid means giving the injured person the aid or help at once before the doctor comes. B. When a person has broken his legs, we should send him to hospital at once. C. A little bleeding does no harm because the blood can wash dirt from the wound. D. When a person has taken poison, you should take him to hospital at once. (3) Why cant an injured person be crowded by people around him?A. Because the people around him may hurt him. B. Because he needs plenty of air and to be quiet. C. Because they will be in the way of the ambulance. D. Because they will disturb his rest. (4) The passage mainly tells us_. A. some advice on how to deal with common accidentsB. some facts about some common accidentsC. something we must rememberD. some examples of common accidents答案: 解析: (1) C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do，if a serious accident happens，is to telephone for an ambulance. ”可知答案是打電話找救護車。 (2) B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Do not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once. ”可知當時需要做的是找救護車，并且不能隨便移動病人。B項的表述與此相悖，故選B項。 (3) B 細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段可知正確選項為B項。 (4) A 主旨大意題。本文是說明文，根據(jù)文章的結構可以看出A項為正確選項。 2. External bleeding. Apply direct pressure. Place a clean, folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. If blood soaks through, do not remove it. Instead, cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7­10 minutes. If the bleeding is from the ear, place a clean bandage over the ear, lay the victim on his side, and follow the blood to drain out through the bandage. Elevate the injury. Position the wounded part of the body above the level of the heart if possible while you apply direct pressure. Know the pressure point. If direct pressure and elevation dont sufficiently slow the bloodflow, find a pressure point. Large arteries(動脈) found close to the skins surface supply blood to the head and to each arm and leg. The most common pressure points used during the first aid are located in the upper arms and in the creases(皺紋) above the upper legs. Apply pressure to the closest pressure point to the wound so that the artery is pressed between your fingers and the bone directly behind the artery. If using the pressure point on a leg, you may need to use the heel of your hand instead of your fingers. Resort to tourniquet(止血帶, 脈壓器). On very rare occasions everything listed above may fail. To prevent the victim from dying, you should apply a tourniquet. Once a tourniquet is applied, it should not be loosened or removed until the victim has reached medical help. Use a tourniquet only if everything listed above has failed. If you use a tourniquet, write down somewhere on the victim the time when it was applied, so medical persons will know how long it has been in place. (1) According to the passage, if a person is wounded and bleeding, you should_. A. cover the wound with a clean, folded cloth and press itB. spread some salve (藥膏) on the woundC. press the wound firmly with your fingerD. place a clean bandage over the wound(2) If the blood soaks through the cloth, you should_. A. change a clean one immediatelyB. wash the wound at onceC. press the wound firmly with your handD. cover the one with another one and press it(3) The underlined word “apply” in the first paragraph means_. A. 申請 B. 應用 C. 實施 D. 生效(4) In this passage_ ways are mentioned to stop blood. A. four B. three C. two D. one(5. According to the passage, we know that_. A. it is better to put the injured part above the head to stop bleedingB. large arteries deep in the muscle supply blood to the head and to each arm and legC. we should use a tourniquet first to stop bleedingD. the most common pressure points lie in the upper arms and in the creases above the upper legs(1) A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句“Place a clean，folded cloth over the injured area and firmly apply pressure. ”可知C項為正確選項。 (2) D 細節(jié)理解題。第一段的第四、五句“If blood soaks through，do not remove it. Instead，cover that cloth with another one and continue to apply pressure to the wound for 7­10 minutes. ”可知D選項為正確答案。 (3) B 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)apply后面的pressure可知應該是“應用壓力”。 (4) A 細節(jié)題解題。每一段的第一句話就提到一種止血方法，因此共4種。 (5. D 推理判斷題。第三段的第三句話明確提到“動脈一般在胳膊或腿上方的皺褶中”可知D選項為正確答案。 3.If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, tilt(使翹起) his head back and press his chin(下巴) upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth­to­mouth breathing. Press his nostrils(鼻孔，) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a bluegrey colour, and you can feel no pulse(脈搏), then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don't be too hard or you may break a rib(肋骨). Check how effective you are seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.(1) This passage is mainly about _.A. how to save people out of the waterB. how to give first aid to people who are drowningC. how to do mouth­to­mouth breathingD. how to save a child from a river答案與解析: B主旨大意題。結合文章的內容特別是文章第一句If you see someone drowning, speed is very important.可知作者主要是想向讀者傳遞如何急救溺水者，故B項正確。(2) Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you must first _.A. get him breathing againB. take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possibleC. find someone to help youD. call the First Aid Centre答案與解析: A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句可知當一個溺水的人被救上來后，你有4分鐘的時間可以搶救他，所以讓他能重新呼吸是最重要的。故A項正確。(3) In the last paragraph, the underlined word “rescue”means _.A. breath B. helpC. doctor D. pulse答案與解析: B猜測詞義題。結合文章急救的主題，和rescue所在的語句，以及上文內容可知rescue意為“營救”。(4) If the drowning boy has no pulse, _.A. pressing his chin upwards is enough to get him breathingB. blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his lifeC. pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can workD. pressing is the last chance of saving his life答案與解析: D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句. .and you can feel no pulse(脈搏), then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.“如果你還是感覺不到他的脈搏，那么按壓胸部是挽救他生命的最后機會”。4. Electric Shocks Can Be FatalGovernment statistics recently showed that in the UK, more than 3，000 people a year experience electric shocks in their home. A smaller number of people are killed after they contact with power lines outside the home. Electric shocks can cause a person's heart or breathing to stop, can also cause burns and are potentially fatal. It is essential for people to learn basic first aid techniques to deal with such emergencies.What to do? If you are the first person to reach someone who has had an electric shock, don't touch him/her! If they are still holding the appliance (家用電器) that has given them shock (e.g. a hair dryer), unplug it or turn off the power at its source. Under_no_circumstances_will_you_try_to_move_the_appliance_with_your_hand! If you can't turn off the power, use a piece of wood, like a broom handle or a chair, to separate the victim from the appliance or the power source. You may even be able to do this with a folded newspaper. The victim must remain lying down. If they are unconscious, victims should be placed on their side. But they should not be moved if there is a possibility of neck or spine injuries unless it is absolutely necessary. It is essential to maintain the victim's body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth­to­mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸). Keep the victim's head low until professional help arrives. If the electric shock has been caused by an external power line, the dangers to the victim and to anybody providing first aid are much greater.(1) What kind of passage is it?A. An advertisement. B. A horror story.C. A news report. D. First aid emergency advice.(2) The underlined sentence “ Under no circumstances will you try to move the appliance with your hand！” implies that _. A. you should move the appliance that caused itB. you should pick up the appliance and turn off the electricityC. it is very dangerous to touch the appliance with your handsD. it is unnecessary to unplug the appliance with your hands(3) When a person has got an electric shock, you should_. A. separate the victim from the appliance and let him sit upB. keep the victim warm and help him breathe againC. move the victim onto his side if he has got neck injuriesD. keep the victim's head high until professional help arrives(1)解析: 通讀全文可知，文章用大量篇幅向讀者介紹對觸電的人該如何進行急救，故這是一篇有關急救建議的文章。答案: D(2) 解析: 本句為倒裝句，意為: 任何情況下都不要用手將家用電器移開?？梢娪檬钟|碰觸電者所持的家用電器是很危險的。答案: C(3) 解析: 由倒數(shù)第二段可知，要保持觸電者的體溫，同時要幫助他恢復呼吸，故選B項。由倒數(shù)第三段首可知，應使觸電者躺下而不是坐起來，排除A項；若觸電者頸部受傷了，不應挪動他，排除C項；由倒數(shù)第二段末句可知，應將觸電者的頭部放低而不是抬高，排除D項。答案: B