國際音標(IPA)和KK音標對照表詳細版.doc

IPA &KK 對照表IPA:國際音標 48 個 元音：20個，輔音：28個 區(qū)別:1書寫形式的不同.如:i: (IPA)-i (K.K.) 等.2.發(fā)音的個別不同.美式中加入卷舌音,而英式中沒有卷舌音.如:(IPA)- (K.K.)3.此表中在最末加上了幾個常見特殊的組合音標。備注類型發(fā)音口形發(fā)此音的字母或字母組合及例舉單詞IPAKK備注：輕松音簡寫“輕”，緊張音簡寫“緊”。舌抵下齒簡寫“”抵上齒“”。舌后縮簡寫“”。發(fā)音口形主要是講解KK音標。*.雙元音（KK中稱雙母音）發(fā)音時要做到非常連貫。i:i緊，長衣，面帶微笑e, ee, ea, ie, y me, sea, piece, bee, lady前元音i輕，短衣，唇微張開i, y, e ,sit, happy, decideu:u緊，長烏，圓唇外突oo, o, ue, ui, ew flew ，cool, fruit, true, do后元音u輕，短烏，稍圓且松oo, ou, o, u ，look, could, put, wolf:緊，長喔，唇小圓突au, ou, al, aw,，author, call, law, bought輕，短喔，唇小圓突o, a, hot, wash,:重讀“兒”音,一開始就卷舌ir, ur, ear, or，bird, turn, learn, work中元音輕讀卷舌音，前舌由平向卷er, or, ar, ur, pleasure,teacher, actor,dollar輕讀或弱讀，“餓”音u,ou,o,a,i album,ago, delicious, today,direct:r的二聲的兒話音ar, farm, car后元音緊，啊音，a,calm輕 短啊四聲 唇微開向兩邊u, o, ou, oo,luck,love,trouble,flood中元音eie口由半開到合 嘴角咧到耳朵a, ay, ea, ey, ai,eigh ，say, cake, great, rain合口雙元音e小開口45度音e, a, ea,set, head, many前元音緊，嘴張大，嘴角向兩邊a, fat雙元音i飽滿“阿姨”音 口由開到合i, y, igh,ie high, line, fly,die合口雙元音uo口形由半開到小，發(fā)“嘔”音o, ow, oa,oe no, know, boat,toeu口形由大到小 發(fā)“嗷”音ou, ow, house, cowi唇由圓到扁，oy, oi,boy, oil, noiser唇由圓到半開，短烏卷舌音ure, oor, our, sure, poor, tour集中雙元音ir唇始終半開，短衣卷舌音eer, ere, ear, ier，deer, here,year, fierceer 唇始終半開 舌由平到卷ear, air, are, erebear, fare, there, fairr短喔的兒化音，our, or, ore，four, lord, more, store,特例補充（KK音標）juu, ew, student, new,k和n在詞首的組合，k不發(fā)音G在n前不發(fā)音.H和元音同時出現(xiàn)且在字尾時不發(fā)音.在ex后和偶爾在字首不發(fā)音.ong,song, longtwtw,twin, twentysx,box, foxdwdw,dwell, dwarfkwqu, question, quickpp氣流沖破緊閉的雙唇且無聲p, pen, bag（n,s,t之前不發(fā)音）氣破雙唇音（爆破音）bb氣流沖破緊閉的雙唇聲帶震動b,bite.(在t或m前不發(fā)音)tt舌尖抵上齒齦彈開舌頭且無聲t, tw,tear, fit, two（sten stle中t不發(fā)音）舌尖齒齦氣音（爆破音）dd同上，但聲帶必須震動d,dark, affordkk舌后部抵住軟腭突然離開無聲k,c,ch,ck,lk cock king, cake, school, box,氣破舌根軟鄂音（爆破音）gg同上，但聲帶必須震動g,gh(詞首發(fā)本音 詞中不發(fā)音) girl, ghostff上齒觸下唇，氣流從此出無聲f,ff,gh,ph,lf face,off,laugh, phone,shelf唇齒相依摩擦音（摩擦音）vv同上，但聲帶必須震動v view, cavess唇微微張開 舌近上齒才出氣s, c, ce, ss sick, ceilling, cell, kiss氣通舌尖齒齦音（摩擦音）zz同上，但聲帶必須震動z, se, ze zoo, shoes, choose, size上下齒輕輕咬舌尖且吐氣無聲th, thank, mouth唯一咬舌音（摩擦音）同上，但聲帶必須震動th, this, the, there唇收圓稍突 舌稍卷近舌無聲sh, ti, ci, s，si,ssi,sci ship, motion, social, sure舌端齒齦氣擦音（摩擦音）同上，但聲帶必須震動S,si,g pleasure, usual,vision,rougehh嘴自然張開，呵氣，無聲h, wh, hi, who（h在r或k之后不發(fā)音）大口喘氣音（摩擦音）rr舌尖上卷，唇突，聲帶振動r,right, red四指卷舌音（摩擦音）元音后讀兒雙唇微張突出 舌抵上齦且吐氣無聲ch,t tch, church,nature, match氣通舌尖齒齦音（破擦音）同上，但聲帶必須震動ge,dge d j g .age,judge,education vegetable, join, joy,trtr唇收圓前突，舌尖抵上齦 賭氣，使氣從間出無聲tr, tree, countrydrdr同上，但聲帶振動dr, dress, dry, hundredtsts舌尖抵上齦 賭氣，使氣從間出ts,boots, nutsdzdz同上，但聲帶必須震動ds, woods,mm元音前發(fā)“門兒”m man, name (nm組合出現(xiàn)時，n不發(fā)音)雙唇閉嘴音（鼻音）元音后發(fā)“嗯”，鼻音口緊閉nn元音前發(fā)“了”n, kn,nn nice, knife, nine,runner舌尖齒齦開口鼻音（鼻音）元音后發(fā)“嗯”，鼻音口半開n,gn can sign(n和m同時出現(xiàn)n不發(fā)音)唇張開，舌抵下齒齦，舌后部抵軟腭，鼻音，聲帶振動-ng, n sing, English（ng發(fā)| g |）舌后軟鄂撒嬌鼻音（鼻音）元音前發(fā)“了”l,light, lose （l在alk,alm,alf，ould中不發(fā)音）舌尖齒齦清晰旁流音（舌邊音）元音前發(fā)“兒”l,fall, call舌尖齒齦含糊旁流音（舌邊音）ww唇縮小前突 舌后起，嘴向兩邊滑開，聲帶振動w, wh wet, window, when, what （w和r組合出現(xiàn)在詞首時，w不發(fā)音）圓唇突出短我音（半元音）jj做呈微笑狀，舌尖抵下齒，舌面貼上腭，聲帶振動y,i year, yell,onion雙唇扁平短爺音（半元音）