八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè) Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks（第3課時(shí)）(Grammar Focus4c)同步語(yǔ)法精講精練課件 （新版）人教新目標(biāo)版

Unit 2Ill help to clean up the city parks.第三課時(shí)第三課時(shí)(Grammar Focus4c)單元同步語(yǔ)法精講精練單元同步語(yǔ)法精講精練 概述動(dòng)詞不定式是一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，在句中不能作謂語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。其基本形式為“to動(dòng)詞原形”，有時(shí)to可以省略；其否定形式由“not動(dòng)詞不定式”構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。常見(jiàn)用法動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式放在句尾。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞，如plan，want，agree，decide等，可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有些動(dòng)詞可接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如ask，tell，want等。eg：I tell him to arrive on Sunday.我讓他周日到達(dá)?！咀⒁狻吭谟幸恍﹦?dòng)詞后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式通常不帶to。這些動(dòng)詞一類是感官動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有see，hear，watch，feel，notice等；另一類是使役動(dòng)詞，常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)et，make，have等。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式及其短語(yǔ)具有副詞的特性，可在句中用作狀語(yǔ)。放在句首或句尾表示目的等。eg：To catch the train，he got up early.He got up early to catch the train.為了趕火車，他早早地起了床。放在作表語(yǔ)的形容詞或過(guò)去分詞的后面，作原因狀語(yǔ)。eg：Im sorry to hear that.聽(tīng)到那件事我很難過(guò)。用在too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)中，作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。eg：He is too young to understand all that.他太年輕了，不能理解那一切。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，要放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。eg：I have nothing to say on this question.在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上我沒(méi)什么要說(shuō)的。【拓展】動(dòng)詞不定式還可以和what，which，where，when等疑問(wèn)詞連用，在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。eg：When to start is not decided yet.還沒(méi)決定什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始。(作主語(yǔ))The problem is where to have the party.問(wèn)題是去哪兒舉辦聚會(huì)。(作表語(yǔ))I dont know where to go.我不知道去哪兒。(作賓語(yǔ)) 概述概述短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一種固定詞組，由動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞等構(gòu)成，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)動(dòng)詞。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的搭配可分為六種基本類型。 基本類型基本類型動(dòng)詞介詞動(dòng)詞與介詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，其賓語(yǔ)位置比較固定，一般都位于介詞之后。常見(jiàn)的此類介詞有for，about，of，after，from，into，to，with，at等。eg：wait for等待；look after照顧look for尋找；hear from收到某人的來(lái)信動(dòng)詞副詞這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有的可用作及物動(dòng)詞，有的可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)用作及物動(dòng)詞且其賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，該賓語(yǔ)可位于短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，也可位于短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間；當(dāng)其賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，則該賓語(yǔ)只能置于短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中間。常見(jiàn)的此類副詞有away，out，off，up，down，back，in，along等。eg：cheer up振奮起來(lái)；clean up打掃干凈put up張貼；舉起；get up起床turn up調(diào)大；make up編造stay up熬夜；take up開(kāi)始做動(dòng)詞副詞介詞這類短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，所帶賓語(yǔ)總是位于介詞之后。eg：run out of用完，耗盡；get out of離開(kāi)，從出來(lái)；look forward to盼望，期待；come up with想出動(dòng)詞名詞這類短語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有have，take，give，make等。eg：have a rest休息一下；take a walk散步make a wish許愿；take a message捎個(gè)口信動(dòng)詞名詞介詞這類短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞。名詞前可加形容詞說(shuō)明程度，賓語(yǔ)總是位于介詞之后。eg：have a look at看一看；make friends with與交朋友be形容詞介詞這類短語(yǔ)也相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)位于介詞之后。eg：be good at擅長(zhǎng)于；be good with對(duì)有辦法；be interested in對(duì)感興趣一、根據(jù)句意一、根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1The Browns decided _(travel) to Penang in Malaysia.2The teacher asked me _(answer) the question in English.3The workers wear dark glasses _(keep) their eyes safe.4Could you tell me what _ (do) next?5Mr. Green told the boy not _ (come) to school late again.6Do they have any good ideas _ (help) the homeless people?to travel to answer to keep to do to come to help 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。二、單項(xiàng)選擇。7We advise parents _ _ their children at home alone.(廣東中考廣東中考)Anot leaveBnot to leaveCleave Dto leave8I was tired out，so I stopped the car _ _ a short rest.(襄陽(yáng)中考襄陽(yáng)中考)Ahave Bhaving Cto have Dhad9We should do what we can _ _ our English.(錦州中考錦州中考)Aimprove BimprovedCto improve DImproving10We have to _ _ the sports meeting because of the bad weather.(吉林中考吉林中考)Aput on Bput offCput out Dput awayBCCB11When I got to the bus stop，I missed the early bus and I had to _ _ the next one.(山東中考山東中考)Agive up Bkeep offCcall off Dwait for12“Learning from Lei Feng Day” is only two weeks from now.We need to _ _ a plan about it.(菏澤中考菏澤中考)Acome up with Bput upCcall up Dturn up13Bob is taking the desks away because they _ _ too much room.(天津中考天津中考)Astand up Bpick upCtake up Dlisten upDAC三、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成下列句子翻譯。三、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成下列句子翻譯。14為了能在這里野餐為了能在這里野餐，我們需要把這個(gè)地方打掃干凈。我們需要把這個(gè)地方打掃干凈。We need to _ this place _ a picnic here.15我覺(jué)得你可以去度假讓自己振奮起來(lái)。我覺(jué)得你可以去度假讓自己振奮起來(lái)。I think you can take a holiday _16他們貼了一張通知以便讓每個(gè)人都知道這個(gè)決定。他們貼了一張通知以便讓每個(gè)人都知道這個(gè)決定。They _ a notice _ everyone know the decision.clean up to have to cheer yourself upput up to let/make 本課時(shí)其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講精練本課時(shí)其他知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講精練 raise動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞，意為意為“籌集；征集籌集；征集”。eg：They are raising money for the poor.他們正在為窮人募捐。他們正在為窮人募捐。【拓展【拓展】raise作動(dòng)詞作動(dòng)詞，還可意為還可意為“舉起舉起，抬起；養(yǎng)育抬起；養(yǎng)育，飼養(yǎng)飼養(yǎng)，種植；種植；提高提高，升高升高”等。等。 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)歸納重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)歸納put up舉起；張貼；建造舉起；張貼；建造at least至少至少be worried about為為擔(dān)心擔(dān)心stop doing sth.停止做停止做(正在做的正在做的)某事某事stop to do sth.停下來(lái)去做停下來(lái)去做(別的別的)某事某事1Sally，stop _ _ TV！Its time to go to bed.OK，Mum.AwatchBto watchCwatching Dwatched2The old man has no children，so he lives _ _，but he never feels _.Aalone；lonely Blonely；lonelyClonely；alone Dalone；alone3They want to _(籌錢籌錢) for building a school.4She is _(參加參加選拔選拔) the school soccer team.5Her father is always _(忙于忙于) his work.6Hes _ (擔(dān)心擔(dān)心) his sick mother.CAraise money trying out for busy with worried about