語法專題8 主謂一致(Ivan Fang)2

主謂一致主謂一致By Ivan Fang一一. .概念概念: :主謂一致是指：主謂一致是指：1 1） 語法一致語法一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。2 2） 意義一致意義一致，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單，即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。3 3） 就近原則就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近，即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語它的詞語. . 一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如：數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如： There is much water in the thermos(There is much water in the thermos(熱水熱水瓶瓶).). 但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： Ten thousand tons of coal were produced Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last yearlast year. .二二. .相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講1.1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：，例如： Reading and writing are very important. Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。讀寫很重要。 注意：當(dāng)主語由注意：當(dāng)主語由andand連結(jié)時，如果它連結(jié)時，如果它表示一個單一的概念表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)謂語動詞用單數(shù)，and and 此時連接的兩個詞此時連接的兩個詞前前只有一個冠詞只有一個冠詞。例如：。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。典型例題典型例題 The League secretary(The League secretary(團(tuán)支部書記團(tuán)支部書記) and monitor) and monitor（班長）（班長）_ asked to make a speech at the meeting. _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. isA. isB. wasB. was C. areC. are D. wereD. were答案答案B. B. 注：注： 先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時，先從時態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時，先排除先排除A.A.，C C。本題易誤選。本題易誤選D D，因?yàn)?，因?yàn)門he League secretary and The League secretary and monitor monitor 好象是兩個人，但仔細(xì)辨別，好象是兩個人，但仔細(xì)辨別，monitor monitor 前沒有前沒有thethe，在英，在英語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用語中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應(yīng)選相連。這樣本題主語為一個人，所以應(yīng)選B B。 2. 2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則主謂一致中的靠近原則 1)1)當(dāng)當(dāng)there be there be 句型句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.girl-students in the class.班上有二十個男孩，二十班上有二十個男孩，二十三個女孩。三個女孩。2 2）當(dāng)）當(dāng)eithereither or or 與與neitherneither nor nor，連接兩個主語時，連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, here, therethere引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如：的主語一致。例如：Either you or she is to go. Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。不是你去，就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。給你筆、信封和紙。3.3.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致謂語動詞與前面的主語一致 當(dāng)主語有with, together with（和）, like, except, but, no less than（正如）, as well as（和） 等詞組成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。4. 4. 謂語需用單數(shù)的情況謂語需用單數(shù)的情況1 1）代詞代詞eacheach以及由以及由every, some, no, anyevery, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞復(fù)合代詞作主語時，或主語中作主語時，或主語中含有含有each, everyeach, every時時, , 謂語需用單數(shù)。例謂語需用單數(shù)。例如：如： Each of us has a tape-recorder. Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。機(jī)。 There is something wrong with my watch. There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞我的表壞了。了。2 2）當(dāng)主語是）當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如：時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。例如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. English. 天方夜譚天方夜譚是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。3 3）表示）表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時，作主語時，通常把這些名詞通常把這些名詞看作一個整體看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如：，謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如： Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. preparations. 用三個星期來做準(zhǔn)備。用三個星期來做準(zhǔn)備。 Ten yuanTen yuan is enough. is enough. 十元夠了。十元夠了。5.5.指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù) 1 1）代詞）代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, allwhat, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如：All is right.All is right.一切順利。一切順利。 All are present.All are present.人都到齊了。人都到齊了。2 2）集體名詞集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如作主語時，謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience(family, audience(聽眾聽眾, , 觀眾觀眾), crew(), crew(工作人員工作人員), crowd, class, ), crowd, class, company(company(一群一群), committee), committee等詞后，謂語動詞用等詞后，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式時強(qiáng)調(diào)這時強(qiáng)調(diào)這個集體中的個集體中的各個成員各個成員，用，用單數(shù)單數(shù)時強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的時強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體整體。例如：。例如：His family isnt very large. His family isnt very large. 他家成員不多。他家成員不多。His family are music lovers.His family are music lovers.他家個個都是音樂愛好者。他家個個都是音樂愛好者。但集合名詞但集合名詞people, police, cattle(people, police, cattle(牲畜牲畜), poultry(), poultry(家禽家禽) )等在等在任何情況下都用任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：。例如：Are there any police around? Are there any police around? 3 3）有些名詞，如）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion(variety, number, population, proportion(比比例例), majority(), majority(多數(shù)多數(shù)) ) 等有時看作單數(shù)，有時看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如：等有時看作單數(shù)，有時看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如： A number of +A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ +復(fù)數(shù)動詞。復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 The number of +The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ +單數(shù)動詞。單數(shù)動詞。 A number of books have lent out.A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English.The majority of the students like English.6.6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況1 1）用）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of(half of, most of, none of, heaps of(許多許多), lots of, ), lots of, plenty ofplenty of 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常與等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常與ofof后面的名詞后面的名詞/ /代詞保代詞保持一致。例如：持一致。例如：Most of his money is spent on books. Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上他大部分的錢化在書上了。了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動。大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動。2 2）用）用a portion of(a portion of(一部分一部分), a series of, a pile of, a panel ), a series of, a pile of, a panel of(of(小組小組) ) 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常用等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)單數(shù)。例如：。例如： A series of accidents has been reported.A series of accidents has been reported.媒體報道了一連串的事故。媒體報道了一連串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。爐邊有一堆木柴。3 3）如）如 many a many a 或或 more than onemore than one 所修飾的短語作主語時，謂語動所修飾的短語作主語時，謂語動詞多用詞多用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。但由形式。但由more thanmore than of of 作主語時，動詞應(yīng)與其后作主語時，動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如：的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如： Many a person has read the novel.Many a person has read the novel.許多人讀過這本書。許多人讀過這本書。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個城市。百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個城市。三三. .鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)（ ） 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, 1. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.reasons.A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, wereA. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were（ ） 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an 2. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication.important part in daily communication.A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playA. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play（ ） 3. _ of the land in that district _ 3. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are（ ） 4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who 4. Ten minutes _ a long time for one who waits.waits. A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed（ ） 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a 5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a driving license.driving license. A. has B. have C. is having D. are having A. has B. have C. is having D. are having（ ） 6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbours6. Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbours. . A. is B. are C. were D. be A. is B. are C. were D. be（ ）7. In my opinion, some of the news _ 7. In my opinion, some of the news _ unbelievable.unbelievable. A. are B. is C. has been D. have been A. are B. is C. has been D. have been（ ）8. When _ the United Nations founded?8. When _ the United Nations founded? A. is B. are C. was D. were A. is B. are C. was D. were（ ）9. Every possible means _ .9. Every possible means _ . A. has tried B. has been tried A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried C. was tried D. were tried（ ） 10. What she says and does _ nothing to do 10. What she says and does _ nothing to do with me.with me. A. was B. were C. has D. have A. was B. were C. has D. haveHomework:P246(高考綠色通道）