高考英語 閱讀理解專題 猜測詞語意思復(fù)習(xí)課件.ppt

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考點分類導(dǎo)練 根據(jù)上下文猜測生詞的含義是考生必須掌握的一項重要閱讀技能 因此 詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解的必考題型 這類題包括猜測單詞 短語 句子的意思和判斷指代內(nèi)容 要求考生根據(jù)語境猜測生詞 短語或句子的意思 或者推斷熟詞生義 題干中常含有mean referto bereplacedby等 如 技巧點撥 解答這類試題最重要的方法是理解含生詞部分的上下文 也就是人們常說的語境 來推測其意思 以下是可供參考的幾個小技巧 1 根據(jù)接近或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 由and或or等可確定生詞的義域 推知它的大致意義 2 根據(jù)選擇或相對關(guān)系 對比or 要么 或者 前面和后面的句子或詞語 來猜測生詞的含義 3 根據(jù)同位或解釋關(guān)系 通過生詞后的定語 定語從句或分詞短語等 表語 同位語 逗號 括號 破折號等的解釋說明來推測其意思 4 根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系 由上下句之間的轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系來推測詞義 5 根據(jù)因果關(guān)系 根據(jù)前后的因果關(guān)系來推斷其中的某個生詞或短語的意思 既可由因推果 也可由果推因 6 根據(jù)列舉的實例 根據(jù)suchas forexample等后列舉的實例也可推測出前面某個詞語的意思 7 根據(jù)并列同類關(guān)系 一般說來 并列的幾個事物應(yīng)屬同類事物 由此可推測其中一個的大概意思 考題中若要求我們猜測熟悉詞語的意思 我們必須通過上下文得出其在特定場合下的特殊意思 那些常規(guī)含義的選項不會是要選擇的正確答案 注意 經(jīng)典例題 閱讀下列文段 從每題所給的A B C和D項中 選出最佳選項 Recyclinginthehomeisveryimportantofcourse However beingforcedtorecycleoftenmeanswealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed Wearedealingwiththeresultsofthatover consumptioninthegreenestwaypossible butitwouldbefarbetterifwedidnotbringsomuchmaterialhomeinthefirstplace 61 Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thatover consumption referto A Usingtoomuchpackaging B Recyclingtoomanywastes C Makingmoreproductsthannecessary D Havingmorematerialthanisneeded 解析 據(jù)上文推測 由上文的wealreadyhavemorematerialthanweneed很易選出D 但我們也可根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法來猜測 我們學(xué)過動詞consume 消費 消耗 可知consumption應(yīng)為其名詞形式 前面加上over 超過 的over consumption應(yīng)為 過度消費 過度消耗 之意 故選D 課堂練習(xí) 閱讀所選文段 從每題所給的A B C和D項中 選出最佳選項 1 Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess Accordingtothestudy ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung lessthan6monthsforcats ayearfordogs itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly Two thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog 31 TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto A EarlyB sweetlyC QuicklyD smoothly 1 D據(jù)上下文推測 本文首句以疑問句Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmonyinthesamehome 開頭 接著就是與此相關(guān)的調(diào)研結(jié)果或回答 由表明研究結(jié)果的句子 Arecentresearchhasfoundanewrecipeofsuccess 和調(diào)查結(jié)果的句子 Two thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog 可知 兩者 相處得好 故選D 2 Whensomethinggoeswrong itcanbeverysatisfyingtosay Well it sso and so sfault or IknowI mlate butit snotmyfault thecarbrokedown Itisprobablynotyourfault butonceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation youarealoser Youhavenopowerandcoulddonothingthathelpschangethesituation However youcanhavegreatpoweroverwhathappenstoyouifyoustopfocusingonwhomtoblameandstartfocusingonhowtoremedythesituation Thisisthewinner skeytosuccess 47 TheunderlinedwordremedyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto A AvoidB acceptC improveD consider 2 C據(jù)上文推測 由上文 你沒有能力也不可能 改變the bad situation 然而 你可以remedythesituation 根據(jù)這種轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系可推出 remedy應(yīng)是 改善 之意 3 Weoncehadapostercompetitioninourfifthgradeartclass Youcouldwinprizes ourteachertoldusasshewrotetheposterinformationontheblackboard Westudiedtheboardcritically Someofuslookedwithoneeyeandheldupcertaincolorsagainsttheblackboard rockingthesheetstotherightorleftwhileweconjuredupourdesigns Otherstwistedtheirhairaroundtheirfingersorchewedtheireraserswhiledeepinthought Wehadplansforthatten dollargrandprize eachandeveryoneofus 3 A據(jù)近義推測 上下句是Some Other 句式 whileweconjuredupourdesigns的對應(yīng)部分是whiledeepinthought 可見conjuredup是deepinthought的近意表達(dá) 意為 思考 構(gòu)想 故選A 47 Theunderlinedphraseinparagraph3mostprobablymeans A formedanideaforB madeanoutlineforC madesomespaceforD chosesomecolorsfor 3 A據(jù)近義推測 上下句是Some Other 句式 whileweconjuredupourdesigns的對應(yīng)部分是whiledeepinthought 可見conjuredup是deepinthought的近意表達(dá) 意為 思考 構(gòu)想 故選A 4 Parentsandkidstodaydressalike listentothesamemusic andarefriends Sometimes whenMr Ballmerandhis16 year olddaughter Elizabeth listentorockmusictogetherandtalkaboutinterestsbothenjoy suchaspopculture heremembershismoredistantrelationshipwithhisparentswhenhewasateenager Iwouldneverhavesaidtomymom Hey thenewWeezeralbum 威瑟樂團(tuán)的專輯 isreallygreat Howdoyoulikeit saysBallmer Therewasjustacompletegapintaste Musicwasnottheonlygulf Fromclothingandhairstylestoactivitiesandexpectations earliergenerationsofparentsandchildrenoftenappearedtomoveinseparateorbits 41 Theunderlinedword gulf inPara 3mostprobablymeans A InterestB distanceC DifferenceD separation Today thegenerationgaphasnotdisappeared butitisgettingnarrowinmanyfamilies 4 C據(jù)近義或反義推測 因 Musicwasnottheonlygulf 與上段末句是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 可見gulf與gap是近義關(guān)系 這里是回憶過去與現(xiàn)在 文章首段 的對比 可見這里的gulf與文章首段首句中的alike和same是反義關(guān)系 因此 gulf的意思是 差異 difference 5 Familyresearchersofferavarietyofreasonsfortheseevolvingrolesandattitudes Theyseethe1960sasaturningpoint Greatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay 有發(fā)言權(quán) Myparentswereonthe before sideofthatchange buttoday sparents the40 year olds wereonthe after side explainsMr Ballmer 44 Bysaying today sparents the40 year olds wereonthe after side theauthormeansthattoday sparents A followthetrendofthechangeB cansetalimittothechangeC failtotakethechangeseriouslyD havelittledifficultyadjustingtothechange 5 A據(jù)上文推斷 結(jié)合上一段可知 today sparents就是60年代后的父母 他們與孩子有更多的交流 更加民主 他們應(yīng)當(dāng)是 順應(yīng)這種變化趨勢 的 故選A 課外作業(yè) 1 Wehavetwodaughters KristenissevenyearsoldandKellyisfour LastSundayevening weinvitedsomepeoplehomefordinner Theguestsarrived Iintroducedmytwodaughterstoeachofthem Theadultswereniceandkindandsaidhowluckyweweretohavesuchgoodkids EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly theyoungerone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig todo overtheyoungeronebecauseshe stheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt Wedoitwiththebestofintentions Butweseldomthinkofhowitmightaffecttheotherchild 56 Theunderlinedexpression makeabig todo over paragraph4 means A showmuchconcernaboutB haveaspecialeffectonC listjobstobedoneforD dogoodthingsfor 1 A據(jù)因果關(guān)系或近義推測 本句 因為她是似乎更易受到傷害的那一個 所以我們成年人就對年幼的那個格外關(guān)注 可見答案為A 另外 由上句中與之近義的madeaparticularfussoverKelly theyoungerone admiringherdress herhairandhersmile也可推出 2 Beingconsideredaleaderinoursocietyisindeedofhighpraise Leadershipmeanspower commandsrespectand mostimportant encouragesachievement UnlikevitaminC leadershipskillscan tbeeasilyswalloweddown Theymustbecarefullycultivated Differentfrompopularbelief mostgoodleadersaremade notborn Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives Butwhichdotheydevelop Howdothey andhowcanyou getotherstofollow 60 Theunderlinedword cultivated paragraph1 roughlymeans A encouragedB comparedC examinedD developed 2 D據(jù)對比關(guān)系和下文解釋 由前句 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)不像 unlike 維生素C一樣一口吞下 可知 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)必須是慢慢培養(yǎng)的 下段的解釋就更為清楚 aremade learn intheireverydaylife 特別是Butwhichdotheydevelop 中的develop 非常明顯地告訴我們答案是D 3 Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves hesaid Scientistsareworkingtousethatenergytomakeelectricity Mostwavesarecreatedwhenwindsblowacrosstheocean Thewindstartsoutbymakinglittleripples 漣漪 butiftheykeeponblowing thoseripplesgetbiggerandbiggerandturnintowaves Taylorsaid Wavesareoneofnature swaysofpickingupenergyandthensendingitoffonajourney 65 Theunderlinedphrase pickingup paragraph2 isclosestinmeaningto A startingagainB speedingupC gatheringD improving 3 C據(jù)前提條件與結(jié)果推測 首先要 聚集 gather 能量 然后才能將其發(fā)送出去 sendingitoff 也可用代入檢驗法排除法 用其他選項代入原句 也后面的sendingitoff在邏輯上也都講不通 此外 還可從前句中的getbiggerandbigger得到提示 4 Iftheworldwereavillageof1 000people One thirdofthepeopleinthevillagearechildren andonly60areovertheageof65 Justunderhalfofthemarriedwomeninthevillagehaveaccesstomodernequipment Aboutone thirdhaveaccesstoclean safedrinkingwater Ofthe670adultsinthevillage halfcannotreadnorwrite 62 Theunderlinedpart haveaccessto inPara 4 means A useB buyC produceD try 4 A代入檢驗排除法 用 生產(chǎn) 和 試驗 代入句中 根據(jù)常識即可排除選項C和D 由下文 Ofthe670adultsinthevillage halfcannotreadnorwrite 可知 還有半數(shù)成年人非常貧窮 用 不起現(xiàn)代設(shè)備 5 Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective 65 Theunderlinedpart thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff meansthatthecolours A attractedthecustomersstronglyB hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD causedthecustomerstoloseinterest 5 D據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測 由 becausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective 因為這些顏色使這種藥看起來沒有效果 可知 這些顏色會使顧客對這樣的藥失去興趣