八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)u(píng)nit.docx

Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?1. square 平方，正方形square adj. “平方米” , 用于數(shù)字后表面積。an area of 95 square meters 95平方米的面積2 n , 正方形；廣場(chǎng) Many old people like dancing on the square after supper.2. meter 米 復(fù)數(shù)meters 千米kilometer(s)3. deep 深的adj take a deep breath.深深呼吸在英語(yǔ)中，表示事物的長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深等時(shí)，主要有兩種表達(dá)方式：1：基數(shù)詞 + 單位+ 形容詞（long,wide,tall, deep等）例句：Yao Ming is over 2 meters tall. The river is 50 meters wide.2. 基數(shù)詞+ 單位+ in + 名詞（length長(zhǎng)度; width寬度; height高度; depth深度 weight 重量等） 例句： three feet high = two feet in height. 3英尺高two meters long = two meters in length 2米長(zhǎng) 3.對(duì)其提問(wèn)用how +adj4. population 人口；人口數(shù)量population做主語(yǔ)且強(qiáng)度整體人口時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)， The population is increasing faster and faster. 當(dāng)有百分?jǐn)?shù)或者分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Three quarters of the population are workers. 表示人口的"多"或"少"時(shí), 用"large"或"small" The population of China is very large. 中國(guó)人口眾多詢問(wèn)某國(guó)某地有多少人口時(shí), 用"How large.?"How large is the population of your hometown? 你們家鄉(xiāng)有多少人口? what is the population of ?What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少? 表示某地有多少人口時(shí)，常用 “ has a population of ” 句型 India has a population of more than one billion.例句： 【2013湖北荊州3】The words population is growing _ and there is _ land and water for growing rice. A. more; less B. larger; fewer C. larger; less D. more; fewer【湖南衡陽(yáng)1】 _ the population of China? Its about 1.3 billion. A. Whats B. How many is C. How much is5. tour （n）旅行 tourist (n)旅游者 touristy adj. 游客很多的 tour guide 導(dǎo)游記: 觀光游玩用tour ，長(zhǎng)途陸路用journey， 短途短期用trip，travel 用法最普遍，特別用于指“游記”6. amazing adj. 驚人的，令人吃驚的amazed adj 感到吃驚的 be amazed at sth例句：he was amazed at the newsThis is an amazing story7. protect v “保護(hù)” protection 不可數(shù)名詞 保衛(wèi)We should protect children. Protect sb./ sth from (doing) sth 保護(hù)某人/ 某物使其不受例句：Protect your eyes from the sun. 不要讓陽(yáng)光傷害你的眼睛。 ：we should protect the children from catching cold.注意：此時(shí)的protect 可換成stop 或者prevent 8. as far as I know據(jù)我所知as far as “就.來(lái)說(shuō)，至于.” ,可放在句首或句中【記】as far as I can remember 據(jù)我所記得的 as far as I can see 依我所見(jiàn)9. achieve v 獲得；達(dá)到； 實(shí)現(xiàn) achievement n 完成； 成績(jī)achieve ones dream = ones dream comes true實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想詞條是否接賓語(yǔ)用法achieve是主語(yǔ)一般為“人”come true否主語(yǔ)一般是“夢(mèng)想；理想”10. include 包括；包含 including 包括（放在被包括的對(duì)象之前）included 包括（放在被包括的對(duì)象之后）記憶：including sth sth included例句：There are many different kinds of moon cakes including fruit,coffee and ice.There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. There are 40 students in the classroom, me includedI have many pen pals _(include) Lucy.All the people must take part in the activities, _ the monitors and the teachers.A. include B. including C. included D. to include11. freezing adj. 凍冰的；結(jié)冰的例句：Today it is freezing cold.frozen adj. 凍結(jié)的，被冰覆蓋的例句：I dont like frozen food.12. condition 條件；狀況 out of condition 不健康，身體不好；in good condition 情況良好；完好13. 有關(guān)take的重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)take in 吸入； 吞入（體內(nèi)）take after（外貌）相像 take away 拿開(kāi) take down 寫下，記下 take off 起飛；脫下 take it easy 別緊張take to 喜歡，開(kāi)始從事 take pictures照相 take care of 照顧，照料14. succeed v 成功，達(dá)到 success n 成功successful adj. 成功的successfully adv成功地 succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事例句：She succeeded in inventing the new machine15. challenge v/n 挑戰(zhàn)face a challenge 面臨挑戰(zhàn)challenge sb. to（do） sth向某人挑戰(zhàn) He challenged me to a race.他向我挑戰(zhàn)賽跑。16. nature 不可數(shù)名詞 “自然界；大自然”natural adj. 自然地 in nature 在自然界中17. up to 高達(dá) 達(dá)到 （某數(shù)量、程度等）；至多up to +數(shù)量詞 A panda can live up to 30 years.I can take up to four people in my car.be up to sb. “由某人決定” Shall we go out or stay in ? Its up to you.18. awake adj. 醒來(lái) 醒著的（反義詞）asleep 睡著的 She was awak all night.wake up v. 叫醒。吵醒the noise wake me up.19. excitement 激動(dòng)；興奮be excited about 對(duì)感到激動(dòng)to ones excitement 使某人興奮的是20. fall down 倒下 fall over 絆倒 fall off 下降, 跌落 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1. as big as 與一樣大 2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的國(guó)家之一3. feel free to do sth. 隨意地做某事 4. as far as I know 據(jù)我所知5. in the face of 面對(duì)（問(wèn)題、困難等） 6. part o f. . 的組成部分7. take risks 冒險(xiǎn)8. in the world 在世界上9. any other mountain 其他任何一座山10. risk ones life to do sth 某人舍命做某事11. run along 跨越 12. freezing weather 冰凍的天氣13. take in air 呼吸空氣 14. the firs t people to do sth. 第一個(gè)做某事的人15. in the face of difficulties 面臨危險(xiǎn)16. give up doing sth. 放棄做某事17. achieve ones dream 實(shí)現(xiàn)某人的夢(mèng)想18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量19. reach the top 到達(dá)頂峰20. even though 雖然;盡管21. at birth 在出生的時(shí)候22. be awake 醒著23. run over with excitement 興奮地跑過(guò)去24. walk into sb. 撞到某人25. fall over 摔倒26. take care of 照顧;照料27. force sb. to do sth 強(qiáng)迫某人做某28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木29. endangered animals 瀕危動(dòng)物30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊貓?jiān)絹?lái)越少31. be in danger 處于危險(xiǎn)之中32. the importance of saving these animals拯救這些動(dòng)物的重要性sectionA形容詞的最高級(jí)表示方法1 復(fù)習(xí)形容詞的比較級(jí)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：u 主語(yǔ)+be+as+adj+as+比較對(duì)象（主語(yǔ)和一樣）Tom is as tall as lisa. Tom和lisa一樣高u 主語(yǔ)+be+not+as+adj+as+比較對(duì)象（主語(yǔ)不如）Tom isnt as tall as lisa Tom不如lisa高u 主語(yǔ)+be+比較級(jí)+than+比較對(duì)象Tom is taller than lisau 主語(yǔ)+be+the+比較級(jí)+of the two+其他Tom is the taller of the two boysu The +比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí) 越越The more the better越多越好u 比較級(jí)+比較級(jí) 越來(lái)越More and more beautiful 越來(lái)越漂亮u 可修飾比較級(jí)的詞 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, a lot, a great deal, any, still, even. Tom is much taller than lisa例句：1）The experiment was_ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much2）If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time用比較級(jí)表示最高級(jí)u 主語(yǔ)+be+比較級(jí)+than +any other +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)u Lucy is more careful than any other student in her class. (any other + 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)）u 主語(yǔ)+be+比較級(jí)+than +the other +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)Lucy is more careful than the other students in her class.(the other + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)）= Lucy is the most careful student in her class.【2013山東煙臺(tái)】China is larger than _ in Africa.A. the other countries B. any other C. any of the other countries 2.形容詞的最高級(jí)u 變化規(guī)則規(guī)則變化 1.單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 （1）一般情況在原級(jí)詞尾加-er構(gòu)成比較級(jí),加-est構(gòu)成最高級(jí).如：highhigherhighest.（2）以e結(jié)尾的詞,直接加-r 或-st.如：largelargerlargest.（3）重讀閉音節(jié),末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,先雙寫這一輔音字母再加-er或 -est.如：bigbiggerbiggest.（4）以“輔音字母 + y”結(jié)尾的詞,先變 “y”為 “i”,再加-er 或-est.如：happyhappierhappiest.2.大部分雙音節(jié)詞和所有多音節(jié)詞 在原級(jí)前加more構(gòu)成比較級(jí),加most構(gòu)成最高級(jí).如：dangerousmore dangerousthe most dangerous.二、 不規(guī)則變化 有一些詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)變化是不規(guī)則的,需要特殊記憶.如：good / wellbetterbest bad / illworseworst many / muchmoremost littlelessleast farfartherfarthest(表示距離) / farfurtherfurthest (表示程度) oldolder / elderoldest (表示新舊或年齡) / eldest (表示兄弟姐妹之間的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系) 1.句型結(jié)構(gòu)u 主語(yǔ)+be+the+最高級(jí)+范圍Tom is the tallest in his classTom是他們班最高的u 主語(yǔ)+be+one of the +最高級(jí)+n復(fù)數(shù)Tom is one of the tallest boys in his class.【2011曲靖中考】A good book may be one of your best _(friend).【2011曲靖中考】Qujing is one of _ cities in Yunnan , and has attracted many people living and working here.A. the largest B. the large C. larger D. largest （重慶市2012）What do you think of the film you saw yesterday? Oh! Its one of _ films Ive ever seen. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interestingu .形容詞最高級(jí)前可以由物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾,此時(shí)不用定冠詞the.如：Yesterday is her happiest day in her life.3.英語(yǔ)中數(shù)字的讀法u 多位數(shù)字的讀法 在漢語(yǔ)中12345讀成一萬(wàn)二千三百四十五。而英語(yǔ)是三位一節(jié)，把三位看成一個(gè)整體，后面再加一個(gè)單位。同樣的12345這個(gè)數(shù)，英文的讀法是先把整個(gè)數(shù)從個(gè)位數(shù)數(shù)起，一分為二，三位一節(jié)12， 345。345讀成three hundred and forty-five。12讀成twelve。而后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)逗號(hào)“，”讀成thousand。最后一合并，讀成twelve thousand，three hundred and forty-five。三位一節(jié)，從右往左，第一個(gè)逗號(hào)讀成thousand，第二個(gè)逗號(hào)讀成million，第三個(gè)讀成billion（美國(guó)讀法），依此類推。例如：31，234，567，890讀成：thirty-one billion，two hundred _and thirty-four million，five hundred _and sixty-seven thousand，eight hundred _and ninety。u 電話號(hào)碼的讀法 讀電話號(hào)碼通常以兩個(gè)數(shù)字為一組，中間有個(gè)小停頓4779 four seven，seven nineu 年代及日期的讀法 數(shù)字表示的年份通常分成兩半來(lái)說(shuō)。2000BC讀作：two thousand BC 1558讀作：fifteen fifty-eight 1603讀作：six teen(hundred and)three921讀作：nine twenty-one 4. in size = have /has an area of. （面積）大小5. much 得多 （修飾比較級(jí)）類似的詞還有：even “更.” , a lot “很多；.得多” a little “比.一點(diǎn)”My classroom is a little bigger than yours.6.feel free to do sth 隨便做某事7. .how long 對(duì)長(zhǎng)短，時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)對(duì)長(zhǎng)度提問(wèn),How long is the table? About 1.2 meters.對(duì)時(shí)間提問(wèn)，常用for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)回答。 How long does it take you to do your homework in the evening? For two hours.8. one of +the最高級(jí) + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)9. famous = well know adj. 著名的， 有名的(1) be famous for 因而著名 （某人因某種知識(shí)、技能或特征而出名）China is famous for the Great Wall and Pandas(2) be famous as 作為.而出名 （某人以某種身份而出名）Lu Xun was famous as a writer.例句：( ) Einstein was famous _ a great scientist. A. for B. as C. like D. because( ) Suzhou is famous _ a beautiful city in our country.A. to B. for C. as D. of10. while u 然而 (連接并列句） He is a worker while I am a doctor.u 當(dāng).的時(shí)候，（引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）While I was doing my homework ,my mother came in .sectionB 1. 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than 是的幾倍The new box is three times bigger than that one 這個(gè)新箱子是那個(gè)箱子的三倍。2. the other 其他的 指兩者中的“另一個(gè)”O(jiān)ne. The other . （兩者中）一個(gè).， 另一個(gè).The old man has two sons one is a doctor the other is a farmer.the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式是the others “其他東西，其余的人”。Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 兩個(gè)男孩將去動(dòng)物園其余的留在家里。 :3. preparefor 為準(zhǔn)備1). prepare sth.表示"準(zhǔn)備."，后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office. 我進(jìn)辦公室時(shí)，我們的英語(yǔ)老師在備課。2). prepare to do sth.表示"準(zhǔn)備做."。They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain. 他們正準(zhǔn)備過(guò)河，突然下雨了。3). prepare for sth.表示"為.做準(zhǔn)備"。The students are busy preparing for the final exam.學(xué)生們正在準(zhǔn)備期末考試4. excitement 激動(dòng)；興奮be excited about 對(duì)感到激動(dòng) to ones excitement 使某人興奮的是die v. （延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞） be dead 死，死亡 death n. 死，死亡dead adj. 死的 dying adj. 將死的 die from + 外因 “死于”，主要指事故等方面的外部原因。die from a traffic accident 死于交通事故The old man died from a car accident last year. 這個(gè)老人去年死于一場(chǎng)車禍(2)die of + 內(nèi)因 主要指疾病衰老情感等自身原因die of hunger/an illness 餓/病死His grandfather died of liver cancer in 1992. die out“（家族、物種等）滅絕；絕跡 Dinosaurs died out 65 million years ago. 恐龍?jiān)诹灏偃f(wàn)年前滅絕了5. spend (in) doing 花時(shí)間做某事【】spend/pay/cost/take 花費(fèi)(1)spendspentspent v 花費(fèi),主語(yǔ)是人 sb.+ spend +時(shí)間/錢+on sth sb. +spend +時(shí)間/錢+（in） doing sthspend on= pay for 支付He spends too much time on the computer games.(2) pay paid paid v 支付，主語(yǔ)是人 sb.+ pay + 錢+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.(3) cost cost cost v 花費(fèi)，主語(yǔ)是某物或某事sth cost sb. +錢 某物花費(fèi)某人多少錢A new computer costs me a lot of money.(4)taketooktaken v 花費(fèi)It takes /took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.6. not less than + 基數(shù)詞表示"不下于；至少；不止no less than + 基數(shù)詞表示"達(dá).之多（言其多）"There are not less than 40 students in this class. 這個(gè)班級(jí)至少有40個(gè)學(xué)生。 No less than 1,000 people were missing in the earthquake. 地震中失蹤人數(shù)多達(dá)一千人。 7. There be + 名詞（短語(yǔ)） + ving. 某處有某人或某物在做某事練習(xí)：