人教版八下英語重點短語及句型總匯.doc

八年級（下）新目標英語重點短語及句型總匯Unit 1 Will people have robots?1.fewer people更少的人（fewer修飾名詞復數(shù)，表示否定）2.less free time更少的空閑時間（less修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示否定） 3.in ten years 10年后（in的時間短語用于將來時，提問用How soon）4.fall in love with愛上 例：When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once 當我第一次見到許老師，我立刻愛上他 5.live alone單獨居住6.feel lonely感到孤獨（比較：live alone/go along等）The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely那女孩獨自沿著街道走，但她并不感到孤獨 7.keep/feed a pet pig 養(yǎng)一頭寵物豬8.fly to the moon飛上月球 9.hundreds of +復數(shù)數(shù)百/幾百（概數(shù)，類似還有thousands of; millions of） 10.the same as和相同 11.A be different from BA與B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)12.wake up醒來（wake sb. up表示 "喚醒某人" 13.get bored變得厭倦（get/become是連系動詞，后跟形容詞如tired/angry/excited等） 14.go skating去滑冰（類似還有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等） 15.lots of/a lot of許多（修飾可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞都可以）16.at the weekends在周末 17.study at home on computers在家通過電腦學習 18.agree with sb.同意某人(的意見)19.I dont agree. = I disagree.我不同意20.on a piece of paper在一張紙上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等?？嫉降牟豢蓴?shù)名詞）21.on vacation度假22.help sb with sth/help sb do sth幫助某人做某事23.many different kinds of goldfish許多不同種金魚24.live in an apartment住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor住在12樓 25.live at NO.332,Shanghai Street住在上海路332號26.as a reporter作為一名記者27.look smart顯得精神/看起來聰明28.Are you kidding?你在騙我嗎 29.in the future在將來/在未來30.no more=not anymore不再（強調多次發(fā)生的動作不再發(fā)生）31.no longer=not any longer不再（強調狀態(tài)不再發(fā)生）32.besides（除之外還，包括）與except =but（除之外，不包括）33.be able to與can 能、會 （be able to用于各種時態(tài)，而can只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和一般過去時態(tài)中；have to用于各種時態(tài)，而must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)）例如：1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用can）2. had to stay at home/ will have to （不可以用must）34.be big and crowded 大而且擁擠34.be in college 在上大學35.live on a space station 住在空間站36.dress casually 穿得很隨意casual clothing 休閑服飾37.win the next World Cup 贏得世界杯 win award 獲僵38.come true 變成現(xiàn)實39.take hundreds of years 花幾百年的時間40.be fun to watch 看起來有趣41.over and over again 一次又一次42.be in different shapes 形狀不同43.twenty years from now 今后20年 44.本單元目標句型： 1.What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?2.There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future. fewer； less表示否定之意，分別修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；more二者都可以修飾。3.Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, they will。4.Predicting the future can be difficult.5.I need to look smart for my job interview.6.I will be able to dress more casually.7.I think Ill go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.8.What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?9.That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.本單元語法講解 一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。本時態(tài)標志詞：1.含tomorrow; next短語；2.in+段時間 ；3.how soon；4.by+將來時間；5.by the time sb.do6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do7.在時間/條件狀語從句中, 如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時, 主句用將來時 8.another day 比較be going to 與will:be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情，will 表示的將來時間則較遠一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情，will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.3. be going to 含有"計劃，準備"的意思，而 will 則沒有這個意思，如： She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.4.在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如： If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you.掌握了它們的這些不同，你就能很好的區(qū)分be going to與will了。一般將來時常見的標志詞 1.含tomorrow; next短語； 2.in+段時間 ；3.how soon； 4. by+將來時間；5.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do 例Be quick, or you will be late=If you dont be quick, you will be late6.在時間/條件狀語從句中, 如果從句用一般現(xiàn)在時, 主句用將來時（另見Unit 5） Unit 2 What should I do? 1.too loud太大聲 2.out of style過時的 3.in style 流行的4.call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb.給.打電話 5.enough money足夠的錢(enough修飾名詞時不必后置)6.busy enough 夠忙 (enough修飾形容詞或副詞時必須后置) 7.a ticket to/for a ball game一張球賽的門票注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此處幾個短語不能用of表示所有格8.talk about 談論 9.on the phone用電話10.pay for付款11.spendon +sth.=spend.( in) doing sth. 在花錢 12.It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花的時間 13.borrow from從.借( 借進來)14.lendto 把借給（借出去）15.You can keep the book for a week你可以借這本書一周。（不用borrow或lend）16.buy sth for sb為買東西 17.tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth告訴某人做某事18.want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do想某人做某事19.find out 發(fā)現(xiàn)；查清楚；弄明白20.play ones stereo 放錄象 21.fail the test=not pass the test考試不及格22.fail in (doing) sth在.上失敗,變弱23.succeed in (doing) sth在.方面成功24.write sb a letter/write to sb.給某人寫信25.surprise sb.使某人吃驚（類似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）26.to ones surprise 使某人吃驚的是.27.to ones joy使某人高興的是.28.look fora part-time job找一份兼職的工作（不一定有結果）29.get/find a part-time job找到一份兼職的工作（有結果）30.ask sb. for尋求/向某人要某物 31.have a bake sale賣燒烤32.argue with sb = have an argument with sb.與某人爭吵 33.have a fight with sb.=fight with與某人打架34.drop off離去；散去；逐漸減少;死去 35.prepare for=get ready for 為做準備 36.after-school clubs(activities)課外俱樂部（活動） be/get used to doing 習慣做某事 used to do過去經(jīng)常/常常做某事 be used for doing=be used to do sth.被用于做某事 37.fill up填補；裝滿be full of裝滿38.return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物歸還給某人39.get on /along well with與相處很好 40.all kinds of 各種各樣41.as much as possible=as much as you can 盡可能多42.take part in=join in 參加（某種活動/集會） 43.a bit =a little 一點兒（當修飾形容詞或比較級時）44.a bit of =a little 一點兒/一些（當修飾不可數(shù)名詞時）45.be angry with 生的氣 46.by oneself=on ones own某人自己/獨自地47.on the one hand一方面 48.on the other hand 另一方面49.I find/feel/think it difficult to do.我發(fā)現(xiàn)/感到/認為做某事很難.50.see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.看到/聽見/注視某人正在做51.notuntil 直到才（謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)動詞） 52.表示某人情緒有關的形容詞用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed說明：當主語是某人時，注意后面的形容詞一般是-ed結尾的單詞，而當主語是某物時或修飾名詞時，注意后面形容詞一般是-ing結尾單詞.）例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news.53 radio advice program 電臺提建議的節(jié)目54 be original 新穎的55. leave something somewhere 把某物忘在某處56 sports clothes 運動服57. the same age as=as old as 和- 年齡一樣58. the tired children 疲憊不堪的孩子59. complain about (doing sth) 抱怨、60.take their children from activity to activity 帶著孩子參加一個接一個的活動61.try to do sth, 盡量干某事 try doing sth 試著干某事62.be under too much pressure 壓力太大63.a mother of three 三個孩子的媽媽64.take part in after-school clubs 參加課后俱樂部65.compepition starts from a very young age 競爭從很小年紀就開始了 66.comparewith 和-比較67.organized activities 有組織的活動 本單元目標句型： 1.Whats wrong(with you)?/Whats the matter?2.What should I do?我該怎么辦 3.You could write him a letter.你可以給他寫封信 .You should say sorry to him.你應該給他道歉.4.They shouldnt argue.他們不應該爭吵.:5.Why dont you talk to him about it?=Why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=What/How about talking to him about it.=Youd better talk to him about it.6.The parents try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives.7.Activities include sports, language learning, music and math classes.Thirty people, including six children (six children included), went to visit the factory.8.People shouldnt push their children so hard. 9.Parents are trying to plan their kids lives for them. When these kids are adults, they might find t difficult to plan things for themselves.Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?1.in front of 在的前面（外部） in the front of 在的前面（內部）2.in the library在圖書館3.get out of/get into出之外/進入4.sleep late睡懶覺sleep well睡得好 get to sleep=fall asleep睡著5.walk down/along沿走6.take off(飛機)起飛；脫下（衣帽）7.on Sunday evening在星期日晚上注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某個特定的上、下午、晚上用on）8.in the tree在樹上 on the tree在樹上9.take photos照相10.at the train station在火車站11.run away跑開，逃跑12.as+adj原形 as和一樣例如：She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him)13.buy/draw/make sth. for sb.為某人買/畫/制作14.walk home走回家15.in history在歷史上16.for example例如17.in the city of在市18.on the playground在操場上19.ten minutes ago十分鐘前20.take place發(fā)生（強調必然性）21.happen to sth./sb. 發(fā)生（強調偶然性）例如：What has happened to you?=Whats the matter with you?=Whats wrong with you?22.of course=sure=certainly當然 23.all over the world=around the world遍及全世界24.outside/inside the station在車站外/內25.next to相鄰，緊貼26.close to接近于；在附近27.be ill in hospital/bed生病住院/在床28.hear about/of 聽說（間接聽到）29.in silence沉默不語 keep silent 保持沉默30.an unusual experience 一次不尋常的經(jīng)歷31.have fun doing sth 干某事有樂趣 have difficult time doing sth干某事有困難32.have meaning to 對-有意義 33.become the first Chinese astronaut in space 成為中國第一個太空宇航員34.a national hero 一個民族英雄 35. be famous all over the world 全世界出名 36. for the first time 第一次本單元目標句型: What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday? 1.I was doing sth. When+一般過去時的時間狀語從句. 2.How about. / What about.?3.While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth. 4.當不明飛行物著陸時，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed?5.當媽媽正在做飯時，我在看電視。While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV.6.I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.7.You can image how strange it was. 8. I followed to see where it was going.9.Isnt that amazing! 10.She didnt thinking about looking outside the station.11.I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed.12.Liu Xiang won the gold medal at the 2004 Olympics.13.Beijng was made host to the 2008 Olympics.14.People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.15. This was one of the most important events in modern American history.16.Even the most everyday activities can seem important.17.Our teacher asked us to stop what we were doing and listen.18.However, in more recent times, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was destroyed by terrorists.19.Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course.20. His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours.本單元語法講解過去進行時（Past Progressive Tense）句型 S + was/were +V-ing例A：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening.（昨天傍晚八點半她正在做家庭作業(yè)。）例B：We were having supper at that time.（那個時候我們正在吃晚飯。）解說 如例1所示，在單句中使用過去進行時來表達時必須把該動作正在進行中的時間表明清楚，否則就不合邏輯了。例如：I was taking a bath yesterday. （錯）（昨天我正在洗澡-昨天24小時都正在洗澡嗎？）所以本句應該如例1來表達，或者用一般過去時表達如下：I took a bath yesterday.（昨天我洗了澡。）如果由上下文的文意，或者對談中的話意可以了解"動作正在進行中的時間"，單句里就使用過去進行時來表達是很普通的，例如：A：I called you up yesterday evening.B：Did you? At what time?A：At around ten oclock. （大約在十點鐘。）B：Oh, I was taking a bath then.（哦，當時我正在洗澡。）過去進行時在表達上常用的句式是如例2所示和另一個一般過去時的動作相搭配。請觀察下面的圖解說明： 過去有二動作A和B（如圖示），在B動作發(fā)生時稍早發(fā)生的A動作正好在進行中，所以這種表達法通常都是復句（主句+副詞從句）。例如：When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen.（今天早上我起床時媽媽正在廚房里準備早餐。-"Mother。"是主句，"when，"是副詞從句。）常用于修飾過去進行時的時間副詞：過去的某一定點時刻（at + 過去的時刻），then （= at that time）（那時，當時），all + 時間，"When/While/As"等副詞從句，etc.Unit 4 He said I was hard-working1.every Saturday每周六2.first of all首先 3.bothand兩者都（謂語動詞要注意對稱原則）4. neither.nor 兩者都不（謂語動詞要注意就近和對稱原則）5.most of絕大多數(shù)6.an exciting week令人興奮的一周7.agree on something同意某人的計劃；對.取得 一致意見8.agree to do sth.答應/同意做9.pass on (to) 傳遞10.be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做. .11.be mad at 對瘋狂/生氣12.do better in=be better at 在.方面做得更好13.be in good health 身體健康14.report card 成績單15.sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是連系動詞，一般只能跟adj.做表語16.sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like聽起來像/感覺像/聞起來像/嘗起來像/看起來像+sb./sth.17.get over 克服；恢復；原諒18.open up 打開/展開/開發(fā)/揭露19.care for 照料；照顧；意愿；計較20.have a(surprise) party for sb.為某人舉行一次（驚喜0聚會21.end-of-year exam=final exam 期末考試22.not-anymore 不再23.do a home project 做作業(yè)24.be surprisedhappyexcited to do sth 做某事感到驚訝、高興、激動25.be get nervous 感到緊張26.have a very hard time with. 在-日子不好過27.an disappointing result 令人失望的結果28.take leave a message 捎（留）個口信29.have a big fight 30.it is a good idea for sb. to do sth31.to teach in Chinas rural areas32.feel lucky 33.people who need help 需要幫助的人34.something we can do for them 我們能為他們做的事35.there is no difference betweenand. 在。和。之間沒有區(qū)別36. Groups and the work they doGroupsThe work they do GreenpeaceCares for Mother Earth"Doctors Without BordersHelps sick people in poor countriesUNICEFHelps children in poor countriesWWFCares for wild animals in danger37.the Hope Project 希望工程38.fortunately本單元目標句型： 轉述他人話語:What did sb. say? He said I She said sheThey said1.許老師告訴我徐夢蝶會說二種語言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages.2.許老師說地球繞著太陽轉。Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun.3.許老師告訴我他將去北京。She told me he would go to Beijing the next day.4.許老師說歐洋正在做作業(yè)Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time.5.許老師說王碩研勤奮。Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working.6.在英語上，與聽相比，我更擅長于讀。In English, Im better at reading than listening. 7.情況怎樣？ Hows it going? 8.她不想再當我最好的朋友了。She didnt want to be my best friend anymore.9.I said it would start a bad habit , and that she would do her own work.10.Thats about all the news I have now. Mum and Dad send their love. 11.She said helping others changed her life.12.Teaching high school students in a poor mountain village in Gansu Province may not like fun to you.13.The Peking University graduate first went there as an volunteer on a one-year program.14.Life in the mountains was a new experience for Lang Lei. Her village was 2,000metere above the sea level, and at first the thin air made her feel sick.15.Young people today need to experience different things16.Some of the students may not be able to go to senior high school or collage.17.I can open up my students eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.18.She said she likes being a good influence in the childrens lives.19.She now works as a math teacher at a high school in the city of Pingliang, Gansu Province.20.You are at Bs house working on a homework project.21.You were supposed to meet at the bus stop this morning to return it, but A didnt come to the bus stop.22.A calls you with a message for C. Pass on the message, and then give Cs answer to A.23.What are some things that happen on soap operas?本單元語法講解直接引語和間接引語（一）直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語；用自己話轉述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。 1. 時態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，通常受轉述動詞said，asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài)，即把原來的時態(tài)向過去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變一般過去時，現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時等。 例如： Tom said to me,"My brother is doing his homework." Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化；根據(jù)意義進行相應的變化。 如：She asked Jack,"Where have you been?" She asked Jack where he had been. He said,"These books are mine." He said that those books were his. （二）直接引語改為間接引語時，都使用陳述語序，但是因為原句的句式不同，所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。 1.陳述句的間接引語：陳述句由直接引語變間接引語，由that引導，可以省略。 "I want the blue one." he told us. "我想要蘭色的。" 他說。 He told us that he wanted the blue one.他說他想要蘭色的。 She said to me, "You cant do anything now." 她對我說："此刻你無法做任何事情。" She told me that I couldnt do anything then.她對我說那時我無法做任何事。 2. 疑問句的間接引語直接引語如果是疑問句，變成間接引語后，叫做間接疑問句。間接疑問句為陳述語序，句末用句號，動詞時態(tài)等的變化與間接陳述句相同。引述動詞常用ask, wonder, want to know等間接疑問句一般有三種： (1)一般疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時， 由whether或if 引導。 如："Has he ever worked in Shanghai?"Jim asked. "他在上海工作過嗎？"吉姆問。 Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆問他是否在上海工作過。 "Can you tell me the way to the hospital?" The old man asked. 那個老人問："你能告訴我去醫(yī)院的路嗎？ The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人問我是否能告訴他去醫(yī)院路。 (2). 特殊疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，仍由原來的疑問詞引導。 如："Which room do you live in?" He asked. "你住哪個房間？"他問我。 He asked me which room I lived in. 他問我住哪個房間。 "What do you think of the film?" She asked. 她問"你怎么看這部電影？" She asked her friend what she thought of the film.她問她朋友怎么看這部電影。 (3). 選擇疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，由whether/if or引導。 如： "Is it your bike or Toms? Mum asked.媽媽問："這是你的自行車還是湯姆的？" Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms.媽媽問這是我的自行車還是湯姆的。 "Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?" Kate asked. "你妹妹喜歡蘭色的裙子還是綠色的？"凱特問。 Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凱特問我妹妹喜歡蘭色裙子還是綠色的。 3. 祈使句的間接引語當祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時，間接祈使句的引述動詞常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句變成帶to的不定式短語。 如：Jack said, "Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary."杰克說："瑪麗，明天請到我家來。"Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克請瑪麗第二天到他家去。 The teacher said to the students, "Stop talking."老師對學生們說："不要講話了。"The teacher told the students to stop talking.老師讓學生們不要說話了。 "Dont touch anything." He said."不要碰任何東西。"他說。He told us not to touch anything.他對我們說不要碰任何東西。 4. 動詞時態(tài)和代詞等的變動 (1). 某些代詞，限定詞，表示時間或地點的副詞和個別動詞在間接引語中的變化規(guī)則：直接引語 間接引語today that daynow then, at that momentyesterday the day beforethe day before yesterdaytwo days beforetomorrowthe next day / the following daythe day after tomorrowtwo days after, / in two daysnext week/ month etcthe next week/month etclast week/ month etcthe week / month etc. beforehere therethis thatthesethosecome gobring take (2). 如果引述動詞為現(xiàn)在時形式，則間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)，代詞，限定詞和表示時間或地點的副詞不用變化。而如果引述動詞是過去時，以上內容就要有相應變化。變化情況如下： 現(xiàn)在時間推移到過去的時間(注意:如果直接引語是表示客觀規(guī)律的,那么時態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時； 現(xiàn)在進行時 過去進行時；一般將來時過去將來時；現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時；Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1.at the party在晚會上2.ask sb. to do sth. 請某人做某事3.stay at home呆在家4.half the class/students一半學生5.get injured受傷6.have a great time =have a wonderfulgood time玩得高興7.take away 運走，取走 put away 收起來，放好8.all the time=always一直，始終9.make a living (by doing sth) 謀生10.in order to do sth為了做某事11.have a party 舉行聚會12.go to college 上大學13.be famous for 因而著稱 be famous as 作為而出名14.make money =earn money掙錢15.in fact 事實上16.laugh at