聚焦中考】（山西地區(qū)）2017中考英語(yǔ) 第三輪 中考題型聚焦 題型五 閱讀理解（一）考點(diǎn)跟蹤

題型五閱讀理解(一)話題20162015201420132012A篇Emma在歐洲旅游的見(jiàn)聞(4個(gè)表格)對(duì)理想學(xué)校的設(shè)計(jì)(5段)18歲之前從事活動(dòng)(4個(gè)表格)環(huán)保活動(dòng)介紹(3個(gè)表格)微博及其評(píng)論(5欄表格)B篇Facemail功能簡(jiǎn)介及其前景(4段)回顧10年前的人生理想發(fā)出感慨(7段)考試抄襲幽默故事(8段)哲理故事享受過(guò)程(9段)環(huán)境保護(hù)Bed ZED生態(tài)村(5段)C篇讓孩子學(xué)著判斷他們自己的工作(4段)微笑面對(duì)身邊的人(8段)綠色環(huán)?；厥绽?4段)時(shí)間與注意力的關(guān)系(6段)人與動(dòng)物的界限(2段)考查方式20162015201420132012細(xì)節(jié)理解41，43，44，524648，51，54584647，49，56584649，5152，57584649，51，53，58，59主旨大意/50，60/50，60詞/句義猜測(cè)48，5352525654推理判斷42，4547，4951，5449，50，53，5948，53，54，5950，5355，5952，56，57標(biāo)題歸納5560556055數(shù)字計(jì)算/51/近5年山西中考閱讀理解(一)，A篇一般為圖表型文章，話題涉及事物介紹、廣告信息和生活建議等，詞數(shù)在180290之間，考查角度以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主。同學(xué)們平時(shí)應(yīng)注重對(duì)圖表信息的理解和收集整理。B、C篇中應(yīng)用文、記敘文和說(shuō)明文均有涉及。話題方面較常見(jiàn)的有事物介紹、人物故事、科普知識(shí)、環(huán)境保護(hù)、學(xué)生生活、行為習(xí)慣等，詞數(shù)在180340之間。設(shè)置方式以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，還會(huì)涉及詞義猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題和標(biāo)題歸納題等。此處，詞義猜測(cè)題多在B篇出現(xiàn)，且在2016年出現(xiàn)了句意猜測(cè)題，B篇和C篇的最后1小題多為標(biāo)題歸納題或主旨大意題，但兩篇的考查角度不重復(fù)，即B篇為主旨大意題，那么，C篇一般則為標(biāo)題歸納題。預(yù)計(jì)2017年考查方式會(huì)延續(xù)往年的命題特點(diǎn)。閱讀理解是考查學(xué)生綜合能力的一個(gè)重要題型，主要考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料的理解能力、對(duì)材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。解答選擇型閱讀理解題，可以大概分為三個(gè)步驟，具體如下：一、快速閱讀短文先讀題，明確題目要求，然后帶著問(wèn)題去讀文章，這種方法稱(chēng)為尋讀?？焖匍喿x一遍全文，弄清段落大意，對(duì)全文有一個(gè)整體了解，閱讀時(shí)從宏觀入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些是用以說(shuō)明中心意思的主要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，弄清作者的寫(xiě)作目的及意圖。如遇到生詞，應(yīng)先跳過(guò)，繼續(xù)閱讀全文，切忌長(zhǎng)時(shí)間猜測(cè)生詞的意思，因?yàn)橛行┥~并不影響對(duì)全文的理解，還有一些詞可以通過(guò)上下文推測(cè)出其含義。二、認(rèn)真逐題作答閱讀完短文后，對(duì)整篇短文的內(nèi)容有了大致的了解，然后再看文章后的問(wèn)題，如果屬于客觀事實(shí)題，可直接在短文中找到答案。如果是主觀判斷題，則應(yīng)再次迅速通讀全文，仔細(xì)分析思考。三、仔細(xì)檢查答案做完所有題目后，再讀一遍短文，逐一檢查所有答案是否有誤。如果有不太確定的答案，不要隨意更改。一定要從原文中找到依據(jù)，方可更正。(2016，山西)Emma has just finished travelling alone in Europe.Are you interested in her journey? Let's read some of her travel diaries.1Emma was looking forward to this travel because _.Ashe had never taken a train ride beforeBshe could do anything she liked on the journeyCshe hoped to keep herself away from the busy life2From the passage，we can know Salzburg is a great place for _.Aenjoying classical musicBbuying children's booksCvisiting history museums3In Amsterdam，she _.Aclimbed the beautiful mountainsBtravelled along the river in a boatCwrote some postcards in her hotel4She didn't need to worry about her safety in Copenhagen because _.Athere was very little crime thereBthe city was full of friendly peopleCshe thought she was careful enough5We can know that _ from the passage.AEmma has little interest in artBEmma is a brave but careless girlCEmm's travels were enjoyable and special【主旨大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。通過(guò)愛(ài)瑪?shù)乃钠沼浐?jiǎn)要介紹了愛(ài)瑪獨(dú)自一人在歐洲旅游的經(jīng)歷。1B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：愛(ài)瑪正期待這場(chǎng)旅游是因?yàn)開(kāi)。A：在這之前，她沒(méi)有坐過(guò)火車(chē)旅游；B：她可以在旅行期間做任何她想做的事；C：她想讓自己遠(yuǎn)離忙碌的生活。從第一篇日記中的“It is great because I can choose what I want to do in each city.”可知愛(ài)瑪是因?yàn)榭梢宰鲎约合胱龅氖露械介_(kāi)心。故選B。方法點(diǎn)撥：主要考查學(xué)生在通讀文章后，直接能找出問(wèn)題的答案，難度較小。此類(lèi)題主要針對(duì)文章某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)設(shè)置。解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，可利用題目中的關(guān)鍵詞匯去尋找文中的對(duì)應(yīng)詞匯，在其周?chē)掖鸢富蛑苯釉谖闹兴阉鞔鸢?，?duì)號(hào)入座。細(xì)節(jié)理解要注意同義不同句。2A【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：從這篇文章，我們知道Salzburg是一個(gè)_的圣地。A：欣賞古典音樂(lè)；B：買(mǎi)兒童讀物；C：參觀歷史博物館。由句中的關(guān)鍵詞“Salzburg”可知相關(guān)信息在第二則日記里，由日記中的提示詞“the famous musician，many classical concerts”可知Salzburg是一個(gè)音樂(lè)圣地。故選A。方法點(diǎn)撥：此類(lèi)題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文中某些詞、句子或段落進(jìn)行推理或根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)氣、文章論調(diào)和傾向進(jìn)行推斷的能力。解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，需注意以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，由已知推及未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：What can you conclude (推斷)from this passage?We can infer(推斷)from the passage that.3B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在Amsterdam，她_。A：爬了美麗的山；B：坐船沿河游玩；C：在她的賓館里寫(xiě)了一些明信片。由句中的關(guān)鍵詞“Amsterdam”可知相關(guān)信息在第三則日記里，由日記中的最后一句“I also took a boat ride along the river.”可知答案選B。4A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：在Copenhagen她不需要擔(dān)心她的安全，因?yàn)開(kāi)。A：這兒有很少的犯罪；B：這座城里到處都是友好的人們；C：她認(rèn)為她足夠小心。由句中的關(guān)鍵詞“Copenhagen”可知相關(guān)信息在第四則日記里，由日記中的第三句“There is very little crime (犯罪) here.”可知答案選A。5C【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：從這篇文章，我們知道_。A：愛(ài)瑪對(duì)藝術(shù)幾乎沒(méi)有興趣；B：愛(ài)瑪是一個(gè)勇敢的但粗心的女孩；C：愛(ài)瑪?shù)穆眯惺橇钊擞鋹偤吞厥獾摹Ｓ傻诙t日記可知，愛(ài)瑪對(duì)音樂(lè)比較感興趣；由第四則日記可知愛(ài)瑪是一個(gè)很細(xì)心的人。結(jié)合四篇文章的措辭可知愛(ài)瑪很享受這次旅游，故選C。詞匯猜測(cè)類(lèi)方法點(diǎn)撥：此類(lèi)題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)某個(gè)“單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子”在特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下具體含義的理解。解答此類(lèi)題，可采用以下五類(lèi)猜詞技巧：利用構(gòu)詞法；利用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞；利用定義和解釋猜詞；利用例證猜詞；根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜詞。另外，采用“代入法”也十分有效，即：將備選答案逐一帶入文中，哪個(gè)使句子通順、連貫，且與上下文語(yǔ)境符合，即為正確答案。標(biāo)題歸納類(lèi)方法點(diǎn)撥：此類(lèi)題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，需注意以下五點(diǎn)：以原文為依據(jù)，不摻雜個(gè)人意見(jiàn)；注意絕對(duì)化的詞，選最適合本篇文章的；答案避免以點(diǎn)帶面，以偏概全；文章沒(méi)提到的，不要妄自猜測(cè)，一切以文章內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。因此，所選的標(biāo)題一般須符合三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：概括性、有針對(duì)性、醒目性。另外，山西中考閱讀理解(一)還會(huì)從“詞匯猜測(cè)、標(biāo)題歸納、主旨大意”角度進(jìn)行命題，針對(duì)這三種命題角度，考生也可采用以下技巧進(jìn)行解答：主旨大意題方法點(diǎn)撥：此類(lèi)題主要考查考生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。尋找主題句往往是做好此類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵。在解答此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)而斷章取義，涉及文章的標(biāo)題(title)、主題(main idea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)等有關(guān)問(wèn)題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中的內(nèi)在信息。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：What's the main idea of the passage? What does the text /passage mainly tell us?Passage 1(2016，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422354)When I opened my e­mail the other day，Rachel，a pretty woman，appeared on my computer screen.She greeted me by name and started talking happily.Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss.It was cool，right? In fact，she was reading to me an e­mail from my brother John.Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail.Facemail lets you send e­mails in a funny way.By using it，your e­mails can be read to the receiver by an attractive person or by a clown.You can download the software at without paying.Facemail faces are lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in your text.For example，type in ，and Rachel blows a kiss.LifeFX，the company that developed the Facemail，is sure there are wide business uses.Why is e­business not so popular now? One of the reasons is that buying online has no human touch.But if you go to the Nike website，and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name，serves you，and personally closes_the_sale，won't you be happy? Also，if mom can't be home when kids get back from school，she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat.It's true that Facemail makes life easy and fun，but it should be used with care.The clown looks lively and funny at first.But if you choose the clown，put a few rude words in an e­mail and add some angry emotions，you've got a Psycho mail.1In fact，who is Rachel？_C_AShe is a pretty actress.BShe is John's girlfriend.CShe is not a real person.2What is the main advantage of Facemail？_B_AYou don't need to pay for it.BE­mail can be attractive in a more lovely way.CYou can ask a beautiful woman to read the e­mail to you.3What does the underlined expression “closes the sale” probably mean？_B_A停止?fàn)I業(yè) B達(dá)成交易 C取消折扣4Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？_B_AYou shouldn't choose a clown.BFacemail can be widely used in business.CMom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail.5What is the writer's attitude(態(tài)度) towards Facemail？_C_AHe thinks it's a danger to the Internet.BHe thinks it needs further improvement.CHe thinks it's a cool and funny technology.Passage 2(2016，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422355)Let children learn to judge(判斷) their own work.A child doesn't learn to talk by being corrected all the time.If he is corrected too much，he will stop talking.He notices a thousand times a day the differences between the language he uses and the language others use.Little by little，he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's.In the same way，children learn to do all the other things without being taughtto walk，run，climb or ride a bicycle.They compare their performances with those of more skilled people，and slowly make the changes.But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes and correct them himself.We do it all for him.We thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him，or correct it unless he was made to.Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher.Let him work out with the help of other children if he wants it.If it is a matter in math or science，give him the answer book.Let him correct his own papers.Why_should_we_teachers_waste_time_on_such_daily_work? Our job should be to help the children when they tell us that he can't find the way to get the right answer.Let the children learn what all educated persons must learn，how to measure(估量) their own understanding，how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in their ways.School teachers can offer help if they ask for it.Some parents and teachers are worried that the children might fail to learn something that they will need to get in the world.Don't worry! If it is important，they will go out into the world and learn it.1According to the passage，the best way for children to learn things is by _C_.Abeing always correctedBfollowing adults' adviceCdoing as other people do2The writer thinks teachers in school should _A_.Aencourage students to learn from each otherBteach students how to get the answers directlyCtell students what is wrong as often as possible3The underlined sentence in the third paragraph means _C_.Ateachers can't correct students' papersBteachers needn't waste time teaching students in classCteachers should help students improve their learning ability4We can infer(推斷) that _B_ from the passage.Astudents can face any challenge easilyBstudents can learn a lot in the real lifeCstudents can grow up without others' help5The best title of the passage may be _B_.ALet Us Teachers Stop WorkingBLet Children Learn by ThemselvesCLet Parents Understand Their KidsPassage 1(2015，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422356)We spend hours，days and years of our lives in education.But how perfect do you think your school is? Imagine you could design(設(shè)計(jì))your ideal(理想的)school.What would it be like? We wanted to find out what teenagers around the world thought.Here is some designing from four children of different countries.1Ma thinks his dream school should provide_A_ for students.Amore enjoyable thingsBa comfortable computer roomCa place to switch off from the lessons2Sonia thinks students should share a room where they can_C_.Aplay sportsBplay instrumentsCplay computer games3Richard wants to have_B_ off every week.Atwo daysBthree daysCfour days4Rebecca may like_A_ according to the passage.Aplaying musicBchatting with friendsCdoing some shopping5We can infer(推斷)that in the four children's opinion，the ideal school should be a place where_C_.Astudents can learn more knowledgeBstudents can get on well with their teachersCstudents' wishes and interests can be respectedPassage 2(2015，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422357)Let's suppose it is a common day of 2060.Of course，things have changed and life is very different.Trips to the moon are being made every day.Taking a holiday on the moon today is as easy as taking a holiday in Europe in the 2010's.At a number of scenic spots (風(fēng)景勝地) on the moon，many hotels have been built.In order that everyone can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the moon，every room has at least one picture window.Everything imaginable is provided for entertainment of the young and old.What are people eating now？People are still eating food.But many foods now come in pill (藥片) form，and the food that goes into the pill comes mainly from green plants.Because people in the world today are many more than those about fifty years ago，most of the earth's surface has to be filled.The deserts are irrigated with water and crops are no longer eaten by pests (害蟲(chóng))The harvest is always good.Farming，of course，is very highly developed.Very few people have to work on the farm.It is possible to run the farm by just using a few computers.People are now largely vegetarians，and they eat only bread，vegetables，fruit and so on and they don't eat meat or fish.You see，as the number of people increases，the number of animals decreases.So people have to be vegetarians.We are healthier both in our bodies and in our minds，and we know how to deal with all kinds of illnesses.No one has to be ill any more.Such would be our life in 2060.1What will be on the moon in 2060 according to the passage？_C_AMany green plants.BMany wild animals.CMany interesting places.2What's the meaning of the underlined word “irrigated”？_B_A沖刷 B灌溉 C淹沒(méi)3Which of the following is TRUE？_C_APeople only eat foods in pill form.BPeople don't have plenty of crops.CPeople run the farms by using high technology.4Why do people have to be vegetarians in 2060？_C_ABecause they want to be healthier.BBecause vegetables can make the patients well.CBecause there will be more people and fewer animals.5What attitude (態(tài)度) does the writer have about the future life？_A_AHe feels pretty hopeful about the future.BHe is not very satisfied with some things of the future.CHe seems really sad about what is happening in the future.Passage 3(2015，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422358)Old Dawson had the best apples in town，but kids knew they mustn't go into his yard to pick a delicious apple，even off the ground，because Dawson，a bad­tempered (壞脾氣的) man，they said，would come after you with his gun.One Friday，12­year­old Janet was going to stay all night with her friend Amy.They had to walk by Dawson's house on the way to Amy's house.Like most of the children，Janet was scared of the old man because of the stories she'd heard about him.Amy said that Mr.Dawson wouldn't hurt anyone.Still，Janet was growing more nervous with each step closer to the old man's house.When they got close enough，Dawson looked up with his usual frown (皺眉)，but when he saw it was Amy，a big smile changed his whole face as he said，“Hello，Miss Amy.I see you've got a little friend with you today.”Amy smiled back and told him Janet was staying overnight and they were going to listen to music and play games.Dawson told them that sounded fun，and offered them each a fresh picked apple off his tree.As they walked on，Janet asked Amy，“Everyone says he's the meanest man in town.Why was he so nice to us？”Amy explained that when she first started walking past his house，he wasn't very friendly and she was afraid of him，but she always smiled at him.It took a while，but one day he half­smiled back at her.After some more time，he_started_smiling_real_smiles and then started talking to her.Just a “Hello” at first，then more.She said he always offers her an apple now，and is always very kind.We're always trying to achieve so much，and it's so easy to get caught up in (被卷入，陷入) everyday life that we forget we can bring cheer to ourselves and others simply.Giving a smile takes so little effort; let's smile to others.1Kids were afraid of Dawson because _B_ .Ahe disliked childrenBhe was a bad­tempered manChe always took a gun with him2On that day，when Old Dawson saw Amy getting close to his house，he was _B_ .Avery mad Bquite happy Creally scared3From the passage，we can know that _C_ .AAmy was't afraid of Dawson beforeBJanet never heard about the stories of DawsonCDawson offered each of the two children an apple that day4The underlined sentence “he started smiling real smiles” means “Mr.Dawson _C_ ”Agot to like Amy's smile day by dayBdidn't know how to smile until he met AmyCstarted to accept Amy as a true friend with real feeling5The best title for the passage may be _B_ .ASmile Brings a Big SuccessBSmile Improves the RelationshipCSmile Changes the EnvironmentPassage 4(2014，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422359)Are you bored with your daily routine？Here are some things you should try before you are 18，because after that it's too late!Learn to swimActually，this is so important it could save your life.If you can't swim well，you won't be able to do water sports like waterskiing，surfing and diving.Even taking a boat trip will not be safe for you.Make sure you do it.Collect somethingOne of the best hobbies for under­18s is collecting things.You could collect stamps，or you could collect things that make you remember what you have done，like cinema tickets for films.The best way to collect is to have a special album to put your collection in and to write what each thing means to you.That way you won't forget.Try at least one kind of team sportsBeing a good team player is an important skill in life.You can't just think of yourself，but have to work well with other people.Other advantages of team sports like basketball，football and baseball are that they keep you fit and healthy，and they are also great fun.Teams usually have a good social life，tooyou'll go to lots of parties and make many friends.Write your family treeWhen you are young，get to know all the older people in your family and find out as much as you can about when they were young.Draw a family tree and make notes about each person so that you won't forget.1According to the passage，we should learn to swim because it could _A_Asave our livesBkeep us fit and healthyCmake us work well with others2The best way to collect things is _A_Ato have a special albumBto buy more stamps and ticketsCto exchange them with your friends3Being a good team player can help you _B_Athink of yourselfBhave a good social skillCbecome a ball game star4In order not to forget the older people in your family，you should _C_Ago to lots of family partiesBfind something that they usedCdraw a family tree and make notes5The passage mainly tells us that _B_Ahobbies play an important role in everyone's growthByou are supposed to try some things before you're 18Ceveryone should get into good habits when they are youngPassage 5(2014，山西)(導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：36422360)In 2002，I wrote a letter for my future self with instructions not to open until my birthday in 2014.It is 2014 now.Yesterday was my birthday and I opened it.This is what it said：Dear Sherri，By the time you read this，you will be 30.At the age of 18 I had many dreams about you.Right now I hope you have traveled and seen everything you've always wanted to，both in Canada and abroad，maybe you have even settled_down somewhere in France，and maybe you are working in the field of art.I hope you're married to Gwynnthe man of your dreams.You'll probably have two childrena girl and a boy.If everything goes okay，you'll be living in France in a big house in a small town with Gwynn and your two children.You are doing research in painting.Gwynn will be a computer programmer and you will be doing all right for yourselves.However，if things don't go according to plan，I wish you love，happiness and joy.Love，Sherri “18”When I read this，I was surprised.So much of what I wanted has come true.I did travel to a few more places in Canada.I've traveled to the UK，Australia and Egypt.I have been living in France for nearly 4 years in a big house，in a small suburb (郊區(qū))，in a major city.I am an art teacher in a university.I have two lovely kids.But not everything went as what I hoped.I married a man named Tom Rees，and he is an excellent artist.We are doing all right for ourselves.I find it cool how the dreams of a young girl can become a grown woman's reality (現(xiàn)實(shí))1How long did Sherri wait to open the letter？_A_AFor 12 years. BFor 18 years. CFor 30 years.2What does the underlined phrase “settled down” mean in Chinese？_C_A參觀B旅行C定居3Among her dreams，which one did NOT come true？_C_ATo work in the field of art.BTo be a mother of two kids.CTo marry a computer programmer.4What can we infer (推斷) from the passage？_B_AShe plans to move to the UK later.BShe enjoys the life with her family now.CShe loses hope because not everything goes well.5What is the best title for this passage？_B_