人教版必修三Unit 4 詞匯要點(diǎn)總結(jié)

知識像燭光，能照亮一個(gè)人，也能照亮無數(shù)的人。-培根Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science of the Stars 導(dǎo)學(xué)案1. (閱讀詞匯) solar sul adj. 太陽的；日光的Ø 聯(lián)想：lunar lun(r) adj. 月球的；月亮的2. (閱讀詞匯) system sistm n. 系統(tǒng)；體系；制度Ø solar system 太陽系Ø solar energy 太陽能Ø The new system of the computer is still under test, not ready to be used. 這套電腦的新系統(tǒng)還在測試，還未準(zhǔn)備好使用。3. (詞匯變形) religion rilidn n. 宗教 religious rilids adj. 宗教的Ø religious belief 宗教信仰Ø have belief / faith in religion 有宗教信仰4. (閱讀詞匯) theory iri n. 理論Ø the Big Bang theory 宇宙大爆炸理論Ø the theory of everything 萬物理論Ø in theory 理論上: Your plan sounds fine in theory, but does it work in reality? 你的計(jì)劃理論上挺好的，但實(shí)際上可行嗎？(in reality 實(shí)際上)5. (閱讀詞匯) billion bilin pron. & n. & adj. 十億Ø billions of 數(shù)十億的Ø 聯(lián)想：ten 十；tens of 幾十個(gè)Ø hundred 百；hundreds of 數(shù)百個(gè)Ø thousand 千；thousands of 數(shù)千個(gè)Ø million 百萬；millions of 數(shù)百萬6. (詞匯變形) globe glub n. 球體；地球儀；地球 global glubl adj. 全球的；全世界的 - globalization ,glublaizein n. 全球化Ø global warming 全球性變暖7. (詞匯變形) violence vailns n. 暴力 violent vailnt adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的 violently adv. 猛烈地；暴力地Ø answer violence with violence 以暴制暴Ø The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球的動蕩如此劇烈，以至于(當(dāng)時(shí))不清楚它的形狀是否會固定下來。Ø The building was violently attacked. 這幢建筑物被暴力地襲擊。8. (寫作短語) in time 及時(shí)；終于Ø The explosion was in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and so on. 這次爆炸及時(shí)制造了二氧化碳，氮?dú)?，水蒸氣還有其他。Ø I was worried about being late, but finally I made it in time. 我擔(dān)心遲到，但最終及時(shí)趕到。Ø 對比：on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)：High-speed trains are famous for being on time. 高速動車以準(zhǔn)時(shí)出名。9. (閱讀詞匯) dioxide daiksaid n. 二氧化物Ø carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Ø a low-carbon life 低碳生活10. (閱讀詞匯) atmosphere ætmsfi n. 大氣層；氣氛Ø All the gases make the earths atmosphere. 所有的氣體構(gòu)成了地球的大氣層。Ø He told a joke to lighten the atmosphere of the meeting. 他講了個(gè)笑話，緩和會議的氣氛。11. (詞匯變形) like prep. 像 unlike prep. 不像Ø Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. 水也在其他星球出現(xiàn)過，像火星；但不像地球，水在其他星球消失了。Ø I like my brother, but we are unlike each other. 我喜歡我弟弟，但我們完全不像。Ø 聯(lián)系：like vt. 喜歡 dislike vt. 不喜歡Ø 對比：I have a brother, and we dislike each other.12. (閱讀詞匯) fundamental ,fndmentl adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的 n. 基本原則Ø Housing is a fundamental. 居住是一個(gè)基本問題。Ø A is fundamental to B A對B而言是基本的Ø Water was fundamental to the development of life. 水將對生命的發(fā)展起基本作用。Ø 聯(lián)想：basic beisik adj. 基本的，基礎(chǔ)的13. (重難點(diǎn)詞匯) present preznt adj. 出席的，現(xiàn)在的 presence prezns n. 出席，到場，存在Ø be present 到場，出席：Good morning, sir. Everyone is present. 老師早上好。每個(gè)人都到場了。Ø Everyone should be present at the meeting tomorrow. 每個(gè)人都要出席明天的會議。Ø Scientists believe that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 科學(xué)家相信，水的持續(xù)出現(xiàn)允許地球溶解有害的氣體和酸到海洋里。14. (詞匯變形) harm ha:m vt. & n. 破壞 harmful ha:mfl adj. 有害的 harmless ha:mlis adj. 無害的Ø 重點(diǎn)短語 do harm to sth.：We should stop doing harm to the habitat of animals. 我們應(yīng)該停止破壞動物的棲息地。Ø a harmful material 有害物質(zhì)Ø This kind of material is harmless to the environment. 這種物質(zhì)對環(huán)境無害。Ø 重點(diǎn)用法Ø be harmful to sb./sth. 對有害Ø do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 對15. (閱讀詞匯) reaction riækn n. 反應(yīng)Ø chain reaction 連鎖反應(yīng)16. (閱讀詞匯) lay eggs 下蛋Ø (重點(diǎn)詞匯辨析) lie vi. 撒謊；lie vi. 躺著；lay vt. 放 (laid, laid, laying)Ø lie lied lied vi. 撒謊：lie to sb. 對某人撒謊Ø lie lay lain vi. 躺著：He lay on the ground, thinking about his problem. 他躺在床上，反思著他的問題。Ø lay laid laid vt. 放著：He laid his book on the shelf. 他把書放在架子上。17. (詞匯變形) exist igzist vi. 存在 existence igzistns n. 存在Ø The dinosaurs existed on earth millions of years ago. 恐龍數(shù)億年前在地球存活。Ø There exist some problems we havent noticed before. 存在一些我們以前沒留意到的問題。Ø exist to do 存在的意義是為了：The dustbin exists to sort out and recycle the garbage. 這個(gè)垃圾桶是為了分類垃圾和循環(huán)利用垃圾。Ø The existence of air and water made it possible for humans to live. 空氣和水的存在使人類的生存成為可能。18. (閱讀詞匯) in ones turn 輪到某人Ø After the dinosaurs died out, human beings, in their return, became the most important animals on the earth. 在恐龍滅絕后，輪到人類成為了地球上最重要的生物。Ø (閱讀詞匯) take turns to do 輪流做某事：We take turns to clean the classroom. 我們輪流打掃教室。Ø (寫作詞匯) Its ones turn to do 輪到某人做某事：Hey, its your turn to clean the classroom. 嘿，輪到你們打掃教室了。19. (寫作詞匯) prevent privent sb. (from) doing 阻止某人做某事Ø prevent the earth from getting warmer 阻止地球變暖Ø Humans are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 人類釋放了太多的二氧化碳進(jìn)入大氣層，這阻止了熱量從地球逃離至外太空。Ø 被動語態(tài)：sb. be prevented from doing : Everyone was prevented from entering the building. 每個(gè)人都被阻止進(jìn)入這幢建筑物。Ø 其他表示“阻止”的短語詞匯：Ø stop sb. (from) doing .；被動語態(tài)：sb. be stopped from doing Ø keep sb. from doing ；被動語態(tài)：sb. be kept from doing Ø 注意Ø prevent /stop sb. (from) doing . 主動用法中可省略from，被動用法中不能省略from。Ø keep sb. From doing . 無論主動還是被動用法中，都不能省略from，否則意義會發(fā)生變化。對比：keep sb. doing 讓某人一直做某事20. (詞匯變形) puzzle pzl n. 迷；難題；vt. 使迷惑，使為難Ø solve the puzzle 解決這個(gè)難題Ø puzzling pzli adj. 令人迷惑的 puzzled pzld adj. 迷惑的Ø This is a puzzling question. Everyone feels puzzled about it. 這是道令人困惑的難題。每個(gè)人都覺得迷惑。Ø puzzlement pzlmnt n. 迷惑Ø A puzzled look appeared on his face after he knew what was going on. 當(dāng)他知道發(fā)生了什么，他臉上呈現(xiàn)出困惑的神情。21. (寫作詞匯) extinct ikstikt adj. 滅絕的，絕種的 extinction ikstikn n. 滅絕Ø be extinct = die out 滅絕：The dinosaurs were extinct 150 million years. 恐龍一億五千萬年前滅絕。Ø The reason for the dinosaurs extinction is unknown. 恐龍的滅絕的原因未知。22. (閱讀詞匯) climate klaimit n. 氣候Ø 聯(lián)想：weather n. 天氣；temperature n. 氣溫23. (閱讀詞匯) cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮Ø I cheered up for the beautiful story. 我因?yàn)檫@個(gè)故事感到振奮。Ø This story cheered me up. 這個(gè)故事讓我感到振奮。Ø 聯(lián)想：cheerful tfl adj. 快樂的；高興的；興高采烈的24. (寫作詞匯) now that 既然Ø Now that weve got this far, why not go any farther? 既然我們已經(jīng)走這么遠(yuǎn)，為何我們不多走遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)？25. (閱讀詞匯) get the hang of 熟悉，掌握，理解Ø get the hang of the skills 掌握好技巧26. (寫作詞匯) break out 突發(fā)，爆發(fā)Ø The fire broke out because of a cigarette end. 這場大火爆發(fā)因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)煙蒂。Ø All wars break out for a bad reason. 戰(zhàn)爭皆出惡因。Ø 其他與break有關(guān)的短語 (和break有關(guān)的短語多數(shù)都無被動)Ø break down 壞了：The car broke down halfway so we had to walk to the park. 車子半途壞了，所以我們不得不走路到公園。Ø break up 分手，解散：The band broke up in 1990. 27. (詞匯變形) exhaust igz:st vt. 用盡，耗盡，使筋疲力盡 exhausted igzs:tid adj. 筋疲力盡的 -exhausting igzs:ti adj. 令人筋疲力盡的Ø All days work exhausted me. 整天工作讓我筋疲力盡。Ø I was exhausted by all days work. Ø What an exhausting day!28. (閱讀詞匯) watch out for sth. 密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防Ø Watch out for the wet paint. 小心，油漆未干。29. (短語用法) It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth s atmosphere. 它(地球)巨大的爆炸噴出了烈火與巖石。最終產(chǎn)生了水蒸氣、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多種氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。Ø 解釋“be + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來表示“按計(jì)劃或安排將要做的事情”，或表示上級對下級、父母對子女下命令，“應(yīng)該做某事”或表示某事“將必然發(fā)生”。例如：Ø 1). We ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = We are to hold a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is to be held tomorrow. 我們明天將開會。Ø 2). The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am. 這趟火車將于上午10: 25到達(dá)北京。30. (短語用法) That made it possible for life to begin to develop. 那使生命的生長發(fā)育成為一種可能。Ø 解釋 此句中的made后跟帶形式賓語it的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中: make (謂語) it (形式賓語) possible (賓語補(bǔ)足語) for live to begin to develop (不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，真正的賓語)。再如：She made it her business to find out who was responsible. 她非要弄清楚是誰的責(zé)任不可。Ø 提示：常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：Ø 1). We make it a rule to get up at 6 o clock every morning.Ø 2). I find it hard to get along with him.31. (短語用法) But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時(shí)候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。Ø 解釋 twice as.as. “是的兩倍”，英語常見倍數(shù)的表示句型：Ø 1). 倍數(shù)+ as + adj./adv. + as “是的幾倍” My room is twice as large as his.Ø 2). 倍數(shù)+ adj./adv.比較級+ than “比(多/大)幾倍”My room is twice larger than his. Ø 3). 倍數(shù)+ the +表示長度/高度/寬度等的名詞+ of “是的長度/高度/寬度幾倍” My room is twice the size of his. Ø 注意：此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的名詞有：size, height, weight, length, width, depth等。例如：Ø 1). This ruler is three times as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than that one. Ø = This ruler is three times the length of that one. 這把尺子是那把的三倍那么長。Ø 2). There are four times as many students as we expected. 到的學(xué)生是我們預(yù)計(jì)的五倍。6 / 6