2019年中考英語二輪復習 閱讀理解編習題（8）

2019年中考英語閱讀理解編習題（8）附答案【能力選練】 A（2019中考訓練題）People often think of the North Pole(北極) and the South Pole as similar frozen(冰凍的)wastelands. They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine.The North Pole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32°F, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30°F. Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them.There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic(北極圈) on foot. People who stayed there may face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited. Few people can live in such a difficult place.People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard. However, this is not true in the Arctic. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water(水道) called “l(fā)eads”. Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes.1This passage is probably from _.A a book review B a science bookC a school report D a computer magazine2According to the passage, what happened about 100 years ago ?A Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.B Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32°F.C The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.D The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures.3What does the underlined word “uninhabited” probably mean in Chinese?A 氣候惡劣的 B 充滿危險的 C 困難重重的 D 無人居住的4The reason for the ice to break into two opening lanes of water is _.A that the temperature suddenly drops B that the water under the ice is frozenC that the ocean water under the ice moves D that the surface is covered with lots of ice5What does this passage mainly talk about?A The thick ice in the North Pole.B A difficult trip to the North Pole.C The real situation in the North Pole.D The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole.【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇科普文，介紹了北極點的有關情況。首先指出北極和南極并不像人們想象的那么相像，接著從冰層厚、氣溫低等方面介紹惡劣的環(huán)境，然后插入了100多年前兩個人克服重重困難走到北極的故事，證明了北極的大部分地區(qū)無人居住。最后介紹了海水在冰下的運動常常會引起表面上許多不同的變化。1題意：這篇文章可能是從_?？疾榫C合理解題。A. a book review一本書評；B. a science book一本科學書；C. a school report一則學術報告；D. a computer magazine一本計算機雜志。短文是一則科普文，根據(jù)它的體裁，應該摘自于科學書。故選B。2題意：根據(jù)這篇文章，大約100年前發(fā)生了什么？考查細節(jié)理解題。A. Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.兩個人成功地到達了北極點。根據(jù)About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties.可知，說法正確，可選。B. Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32°F.北極點的溫度超過華氏32度。根據(jù)原文句子Temperatures seldom go above 32°F ，可知溫度極少能超過華氏32度，故說法錯誤。C. The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.北極的環(huán)境突然變得更糟了，短文沒有提及，故說法錯誤。D. The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures.北極由于氣溫變化變成厚厚的冰，根據(jù)However, this is not true in the Arctic.可知，說法錯誤。根據(jù)文意，可知選A。3題意：下劃線的“uninhabited”這個詞在漢語中是什么意思？考查詞義理解題。few一點，表否定意義。根據(jù)下文提示Few people can live in such a difficult place.，可知很少有人能生活在這樣困難的地方。故選D。4題意：冰塊斷做兩口水道的原因是_。考查細節(jié)理解題。A. that the temperature suddenly drops氣溫突然下降；B. that the water under the ice is frozen冰下的水結冰了；C. that the ocean water under the ice moves冰下的海水移動了；D. that the surface is covered with lots of ice表面覆蓋著很多冰。根據(jù)短文最后的內(nèi)容The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “l(fā)eads”.，可知選C。5題意：這篇文章主要講的是什么？考查文意理解和綜合理解題。A. The thick ice in the North Pole. 北極點厚厚的冰；B. A difficult trip to the North Pole. 艱難的北極點之行；C. The real situation in the North Pole. 北極點的實際情況；D. The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole. 北極點和南極點之間的差異。本文的主要內(nèi)容就是介紹北極點的有關情況。根據(jù)文意，可知選C。點睛：對于閱讀理解題，首先要粗讀文章了解大意，其次通過細讀，理解全文。在粗讀的基礎上，仔細閱讀題后所給的題目，根據(jù)題目要求，再有重點地返回來仔細閱讀。在閱讀理解的題目中，所設問題主要有以下幾種方式：找主題或概括文章的中心思想、就文中的具體事實和情節(jié)進行提問、根據(jù)文章的表層意思進行深層次的推理判斷等，在細讀時，要根據(jù)設問的方式，進行有側重地閱讀。1、概括文章中心思想。1)文首呈現(xiàn)主題句。2)文尾出現(xiàn)主題句。3)首尾呼應展現(xiàn)主題。4)文中表述主題。前面提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出，而后再做進一步的解釋。5)文章沒有主題句。在這種情況下，考生要把所有的細節(jié)綜合起來。進行邏輯推理，概括歸納出文章的主題句。2.掌握文章的具體事實和重要情節(jié)。在考題中，經(jīng)常會見到就文章中某一具體事實和重要情節(jié)進行測試的題目。例如，第4題，題意：冰塊斷做兩口水道的原因是_。考查細節(jié)理解題。A. that the temperature suddenly drops氣溫突然下降；B. that the water under the ice is frozen冰下的水結冰了；C. that the ocean water under the ice moves冰下的海水移動了；D. that the surface is covered with lots of ice表面覆蓋著很多冰。根據(jù)短文最后的內(nèi)容The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “l(fā)eads”.，可知選C。這就要求考生在閱讀時要注意辨認和記憶具體事實，重要情節(jié)，事物的起因、過程、結果及發(fā)生的地點、時間等，這些都有可能作為測試點。還有一些測試題，要求考生在理解的基礎上，通過自己的思維將理解的內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化，比如計算、排序等題型?！灸芰x練】 B中考英語閱讀理解*外星人Shlander is a man from space. He thinks the people and things on the earth are very strange. He is now writing a letter to his friend at home. Here is part of his letter. Read it and answer the questions.Now I am in a strange world. It is very nice. There are many new things here. There are many earth monsters here, too. The earth monsters look very funny. They have just one head, two arms and two legs. They have thin black strings on their heads. Some earth monsters have brown or yellow strings. The earth monsters have a hole in their face. Every day, they put nice things and balls from the trees into the hole. They put water into the hole, too. The earth monsters do not walk very fast. They move from place to pace in tin boxes.At night, the earth monsters like to look at a square window box. This box has very small earth monsters in it.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案。1. Shlander thinks the people and things on the earth are very _.A. strange    B. nice C. different     D. beautiful2. Shlander thinks man on the earth is _.A. a monkey B. a earth monster C. a tin box D. a strange world3. The earth monster doesnt have _.A. heads, arms and legs B. brown or yellow strings on its head C. a hole on its face D. a swing on its body4. The earth monsters dont put _ on their holes.A. nice things B. balls  C. fire      D. water5. The square window box is _. A. a car or a bus    B. a very small earth monster C. a TV set      D. a radio答案及解析：1. A。根據(jù)Shlander is a man from space. He thinks the people and things on the earth are very strange(Shlander是個太空人，他認為地球上的人和物非常奇怪)就能確定正確選項。2. B。根據(jù) Now I am in a strange world. It is very nice. There are many new things here. There are many earth monsters here, too. The earth monsters look very funny(我到了一個陌生的世界中，這個世界非常優(yōu)美，有許多要學的新東西，也有許多地球怪物，這些怪物看起來挺有趣)就能確定正確選項。3. D。根據(jù)They have just one head, two arms and two legs. They have thin black strings on their heads. Some earth monsters have brown or yellow strings. The earth monsters have a hole in their face(地球怪物只有一個頭，兩只胳膊兩條腿，頭上有又黑又細的繩子，有的是棕色，有的是黃色，臉上還有一個洞)，顯然，前三個選項都是人類的特征，都不能被選。4. C。根據(jù)Every day, they put nice things and balls from the trees into the hole. They put water into the hole, too(每天他們把好東西和從樹上摘下來的球放進洞里，也往洞里放水)就能確定正確選項(from )。5. C。根據(jù)At night, the earth monsters like to look at a square window box. This box has very small earth monsters in it(夜里，地球怪物喜歡看一個方形的窗臺上的花盆箱，這個箱子非常小，有地球怪物在里面)就能斷定文章中的方盒子就是一臺電視機。【能力選練】 CQuestionaireRead the question and answer YES or NO, then you will find out how good you are.1When you don't understand something, you ask questions.2You like listening to older people talk about the past.3You think that you can learn something interesting from everyone around you.4You are brave enough when you have to talk to people you don't know.5You enjoy reading books about famous people.6You always see and talk to different people.7You are interested in learning new ways of doing things.8You enjoy sharing experiences with friends and learning from people of all ages.9You talk a lot about yourself.10Even if you are often wrong, you make your own decisions.11You hate teaching what you are good at: sports, technology, whatever.12Your parents don't understand you, so you don't talk to them much.SCORE NOW: Score 2 points if you answer YES to each of the first 8 questions, and 0 if you choose NO.Score 2 points if you answer NO to each of the last 4 questions, and 0 if you choose YES.1824 You are friendly and open­minded. You make people feel important by listening to what they have to say. You'll probably succeed in learning all kinds of interesting things. Good for you!1016 Remember that every single person you know can teach you something. You will greatly make your life rich and colorful. 08 About 400 years ago, a famous writer wrote, “No man is an island”. This is still true today. Try to be more open and interested in people around you.()1. If you say “YES”to all these questions, you'll get_ points.A. 12 B. 16 C. 20 D. 24()2. When you score 22 points, you are _.Ashy and nervous B. silent and serious C. open and friendly D. brave and strong()3. The writer thinks you should _.Aalways see and talk to the same people Bmake your own decision whenever you wantCenjoy teaching what you are good at Dtalk much about yourselves when possible()4. “No man is an island.” in the form probably means that _.Athe famous writer was very clever Beverything is the same as 400 years agoCyou will feel lonely if on an island Dyou can not live alone in the world()5. The questions are used to test whether you are willing to _.Alearn from others Bhelp other peopleCdo all by yourself Ddepend on others參考答案15 B C C D A【能力選練】 D閱讀下列短文，選出最佳選項。Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the listeners, but then stopped for a while. He had forgotten her name. Barbara hid her valuable things when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldnt remember where shed put them.Perhaps youve had such experiences like these. Most people have. But most of them havent realized that they have a memory problem. Neither do they know a simple but important fact: Memory can be improved. If youll just accept that, the following will show you how.First, relax. If you are over worried about something, youll forget it. If you keep telling yourself that your memory is bad, your mind will come to believe it and you wont remember things. When you forget something, dont follow up with saying like “Oh, my god! I always forget things!” Such words will have a bad result on you and your memory.But relaxing isnt enough. To improve your memory, youll need to take an active role. Like your body, your memory can be made strong through exercise. Look for opportunities to exercise your memory. For example, if youre learning a language, try to actively remember a lot of new words.If you dont take notice of things actively, you wont remember them. So, you can make pictures of what you see in your mind every day. For example, dont just put your keys down! If you want to find them again, make a mind picture of the place where youre putting them.1.The first two paragraphs just tell us .ABarbara was a very rich person Bexamples of memory problems CMark often forgot his friends namesDlanguage problems of two persons2When you forget things, you _.Amust be too careless Bshouldnt take notice of the resultCmust accept the fact Dshouldnt lose heart about your memory 3The word “opportunities” in the fifth paragraph means “_.”Aplaces Bdoctors. Cchances Dpositions 4According to the passage, _ can make your memory better.Arealizing your memory problems Btalking to your friendsCdoing sports every day Dmaking mind pictures of what you see5The purpose of the passage is to help you _.Ato introduce the guest Bto improve your memory Cto remember new words Dto forget unhappy things【參考答案】15、BDCDB8