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1、專題限時(shí)檢測(二十一)閱讀理解C篇高分練(二)(共3篇，限時(shí)24分鐘)A(2019蘇州模擬)One sunny afternoon in the autumn of the year 1861 a soldier lay in a clump of laurel (月桂樹) by the side of a road in western Virginia. He lay at full length upon his stomach, his head upon the left forearm.His extended right hand loosely grasped his gun.
2、 But for the slight rhythmic movement of his back, he might have been thought to be dead. He was asleep at his post of duty. But if found, he would be dead shortly afterward, death being the just and legal penalty for his crime.The sleeping soldier was a young Virginian named Carter Druse. He was th
3、e son of wealthy parents, an only child. His home was but a few miles from where he now lay. One morning he had risen from the breakfast table and said, quietly but gravely, “Father, the Union Army has arrived at Grafton, I am going to join it.”The father lifted his head, looked at the son for a mom
4、ent in silence, and replied, “Go, Carter, and whatever may occur, do what you consider to be your duty. Virginia, which you betray, must get on without you. Should we both live to the end of the war, we will speak further of the matter. Your mother, as the physician has informed you, is in a most cr
5、itical condition; at best she cannot be with us longer than a few weeks, but that time is precious. It would be better not to disturb her.”So Carter Druse, bowed to his father and left the home of his childhood. By conscience and courage, he was soon well received by his fellows and his officers; an
6、d it was to these qualities and to some knowledge of the country that he owed his selection for his present duty at the extreme post. Nevertheless, he fell asleep, exhausted. What good or bad angel came in a dream to awake him from his state of crime, who shall say? He quietly raised his forehead fr
7、om his arm and looked between the laurels.His first feeling was a keen artistic delight. On the cliff was a statue of impressive dignity. The figure of the man sat on the horse, straight and soldierly. The face of the rider, turned slightly away; he was looking downward to the bottom of the valley.B
8、road awake and keenly alive now, Druse cautiously pushed the gun forward through the bushes and covered a vital spot of the horsemans breast. A touch upon the trigger (扳機(jī)) and all would have been well with Druse. At that instant the horseman turned and looked in his direction seemed to look into his
9、 very face, into his eyes, into his brave heart.Druse grew pale; he shook in every limb (肢) and turned faint. His hand fell away from his weapon, his head slowly dropped until his face rested on the leaves in which he lay.The duty of the soldier was plain the man must be shot dead. But no there is a
10、 hope; he may have discovered nothing perhaps he is but admiring the beauty of the landscape. Druse turned his head and looked through the deeps of air downward. He saw some foolish commander was permitting the soldiers to water their beasts in the open!Druse withdrew his eyes from the valley and fi
11、xed them again upon the group of man and horse in the sky, and again it was through the sights of his gun. But this time his aim was at the horse. In his memory rang the words of his father, “Whatever may occur, do what you consider to be your duty.”He fired.Ten minutes had hardly passed when a Fede
12、ral officer crept cautiously to him.“Did you fire？” the officer whispered.“Yes.”“At what？”“A horse. It was standing on the rock, pretty far out. You see it is no longer there. It went over the cliff.”The mans face was white, but he showed no other sign of emotion. Having answered, he turned away his
13、 eyes and said no more. The officer did not understand.“See here, Druse，” he said, after a moments silence, “its no use making a mystery. I order you to report. Was there anybody on the horse？”“Yes.”“Well？”“My father.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了富家子弟Carter Druse在父親的同意下參加了聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)并忠于職守的故事。1. What can we learn fro
14、m the first paragraph?AThe soldier was thought to be dead.BThe soldier was watching attentively.CThe soldier was punished for his crime.DThe soldier was sleeping on his duty.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“He was asleep at his post of duty.”可知，這位士兵值勤時(shí)睡著了，故選D。2What can be concluded from Paragraphs 2 and 3?AThe fa
15、ther discouraged the son.BThe son decided to fight for his belief.CBoth the son and the father survived the war.DThe mother was critical of her sons decision.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Father, the Union Army has arrived at Grafton, I am going to join it.”可知，兒子要參加聯(lián)邦軍隊(duì)；再結(jié)合第三段中的“Go，Carter, and whatever may occ
16、ur, do what you consider to be your duty.Virginia, which you betray, must get on without you.”可知，父親鼓勵(lì)兒子為信念而戰(zhàn)斗。由此可以判斷，兒子決定為自己的信念而戰(zhàn)斗。故選B。3Why did Carter Druse fire in the end?AHe did his duty.BHe was coldblooded.CHe recognized the horse rider.DHe pulled the trigger accidentally.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第九段最后一句“In
17、 his memory rang the words of his father, Whatever may occur, do what you consider to be your duty.”可知，在他猶豫著是不是要扣動扳機(jī)時(shí)，他想起了父親的話：無論發(fā)生什么事情，都要履行自己的職責(zé)。據(jù)此可知，兒子最終開槍的原因是完成他的職責(zé)。故選A。4The writer wrote this story mainly to show _.Athe greatness of the fatherBthe inner thoughts of a soldierCthe cruelty of the wa
18、rDthe bravery of a soldier解析：選C寫作意圖題。閱讀全文可知，文章描寫了戰(zhàn)爭中兒子在殺死父親的這個(gè)過程中的痛苦與掙扎：兒子為盡士兵的職責(zé)不得不向父親開槍，親手殺死了自己的父親。由此可知，作者想要通過這個(gè)故事告訴讀者戰(zhàn)爭的殘酷。故選C。B(2019徐州、淮安、連云港模擬)When a caterpillar (毛蟲) pretends to be a snake to keep off potential predators (捕食者), it should probably expect to be treated like one. This is exactly
19、what happened in Costa Rica earlier this year, when researchers witnessed a hummingbird defending its nest from what it interpreted to be a snake, but was actually a caterpillar, which was feeding on a leaf above the nest.These caterpillars resemble flat dried leaves as adults. They can expand the t
20、op of their heads to expose a pair of eyespots that discourage potential predators. When disturbed, they raise their heads up and move from side to side, increasing the snakelike appearance. In particular they resemble green parrot snakes, known to feed on nesting birds.Hummingbirds have a few style
21、s of flying: visiting flowers, feeding on some tiny insects, chasing each other, and mating territory (領(lǐng)土) display flight. Mobbing (圍攻) behavior directed against a threat to their nest is much less common but easy to recognize if you know their flight behaviors.The interaction of the caterpillar and
22、 the hummingbird took place in Costa Rica. The comings and goings of the female hummingbird around its nest may have disturbed the caterpillar, causing it to expose its eyespots, which in turn caused the hummingbird to defend its nest using what is referred to as “mobbing behavior” by birds.The cate
23、rpillar was unable to feed during the 26minutes of nearly continuous attacks. Most of the birds movements were cautious, but included quick attacks to peck or bite the eyespots.It was difficult for either the bird or the caterpillar to withdraw from the standoff (僵局), with the hummingbird protecting
24、 its nest and the caterpillar just trying to finish its leafy meal. Eventually the caterpillar gave up on eating and crawled away while still under attack, and the hummingbird continued normal nesting behavior.When birds exhibit this mobbing behavior targeting snakes eyes, it often ends with snakes
25、being killed by repeated bites and pecks near the head. As for creatures that imitate snakes to protect themselves from being eaten, can they in turn protect themselves? Because the hummingbirds behavior was typical antisnake behavior, it can be considered replicable (可復(fù)制的)Future studies of this beh
26、avior can be conducted using a tiny, caterpillar robot. It should be remotely controlled, light enough to attach to a leaf or stem, and wireless. With such a robot, researchers could vary the eyelike nature and contrast of spots on the head of the robot to test various responses of nestdefending bir
27、ds. A study like this could definitively test the effects of eyelike versus other imitating patterning for exciting the defensive attacks.And, it turns out that the caterpillar feeds on a leaf on the same plant, as far away from the nest as possible!語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究人員觀察到蜂鳥為了護(hù)巢，攻擊偽裝成蛇的毛蟲，偽裝的毛蟲有膨脹的頭和眼
28、點(diǎn)，于是研究人員就想明確地測試類似眼睛和其他模仿模式對激發(fā)防御攻擊的影響。5. What do we know about caterpillars and hummingbirds from the passage?AThey belong to the same species.BThey are natural enemies of each other.CThey are insects and birds respectively.DThey compete against each other for territory.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，hummingbi
29、rd(蜂鳥)需要保護(hù)自己的巢不受蛇的破壞，蛇其實(shí)是caterpillar(毛蟲)偽裝的，毛蟲只是為了吃鳥巢上方的葉子，但是為了躲避攻擊，假扮成蛇，故選C。毛蟲與蜂鳥不是天敵關(guān)系，排除B，也不互相爭奪領(lǐng)地，排除D。6Hummingbirds will show their mobbing behavior when visitors _.Aare picking flowersBare chasing each otherCinterrupt their eating leavesDset foot on their territories解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Mobbing (
30、圍攻) behavior directed against a threat to their nest”及第四段的第二句“The comings and goings of the female hummingbird . defend its nest using what is referred to as mobbing behaviorby birds.”可知，蜂鳥的圍攻行為是為了保護(hù)巢，即它們的領(lǐng)地，故選D。7. Why is neither the hummingbird nor the caterpillar willing to withdraw at first?A. Be
31、cause the hummingbird is trying to finish its leafy meal.BBecause the caterpillar is protecting the hummingbirds nest.CBecause they behave in this way out of their own interest.DBecause there is a green parrot snake watching them.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段可知，蜂鳥需要保護(hù)自己的巢，毛蟲為了進(jìn)食，所以雙方僵持不下。它們的表現(xiàn)都是出于保護(hù)自身的利益，故選C。8.
32、A tiny caterpillar robot can be used to _.Aimitate the antisnake behaviorBtest nestdefending birds responsesCtake control of the snakes behaviorDguard against the defensive attacks解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句“With such a robot, researchers could vary the eyelike nature and contrast of spots on the head of
33、the robot to test various responses of nestdefending birds.”可知，毛蟲機(jī)器人可以用來測試護(hù)巢鳥類的反應(yīng)。故選B。C(2019南京、鹽城模擬)Listen carefully to the footsteps in the family home, especially if it has wooden floors, and you can probably work out who it is that is walking about. The features most commonly used to identify peo
34、ple are faces, voices, finger prints and retinal scans. But their“behavioural biometrics”， such as the way they walk, are also giveaways.Researchers have, for several years, used video cameras and computers to analyse peoples gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a
35、 practical identification system can be tricky especially if that system is supposed to be hidden. Cameras are often visible, are hard to set up, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. So a team led by Krikor Ozanyan of the University of Manchester, in England and Pat
36、ricia Scully of the National University of Ireland, in Galway have been looking for a better way to recognise gait. Their answer: pressuresensitive mats.In themselves, such mats are nothing new. They have been part of security systems for donkeys years. But Dr Ozanyan and Dr Scully use a complex ver
37、sion that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. These measurements form a pattern unique to the walker. Dr Ozanyan and Dr Scully therefore turned, as is now common for anything to do with pattern recognition, to an Artificial Intelligence system th
38、at uses machine learning to recognise such patterns.It seems to work. In a study published earlier this year the two researchers tested their system on a database of footsteps trodden by 127 different people. They found that its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere 0.7%. And Dr Scully sa
39、ys that even without a database of footsteps to work with the system can determine someones sex women and men, with wide and narrow pelvises (骨盆) respectively, walk in different ways, and guess, with reasonable accuracy, a subjects age.A matbased gaitrecognition system has the advantage that it woul
40、d work in any lighting conditions even pitchdarkness. And though it might fail to identify someone if, say, she was wearing stilettos and had been entered into the database while wearing trainers, it would be very hard to fool it by imitating the gait of an individual who was allowed admission to a
41、particular place.The latest phase of Dr Ozanyans and Dr Scullys project is a redesign of the mat. The old mats contained individual pressure sensors. The new ones contain optical fibres (光纖). Lightemitting diodes (二極管) distributed along two neighbouring edges of a mat transmit light into the fibres.
42、 Sensors on the opposite edges (and thus the opposite ends of the optical fibres) measure how much of that light is received. Any pressure applied to part of the mat causes a distortion (變形) in the fibres and a consequent change in the amount of light transmitted. Both the location and amount of cha
43、nge can be plotted and analyzed by the machinelearning system.Dr Ozanyan says that the team have built a demonstration fibre optic mat, two meters long and a metre wide, using materials that cost 100(D|S130). They are now talking to companies about commercializing it. One application might be in hea
44、lth care, particularly for the elderly. A fibre optic mat installed in a nursing home or an old persons own residence could monitor changes in an individuals gait that warn certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over, say, or of their cognitio
45、n becoming damaged.Gait analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace, monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with harmful materials. In these cases, employees would need to agree to their gaits being scanned,
46、 just as they would agree to the scanning of their faces or retinas for optical security systems.Perhaps the most fascinating use of gaitrecognition mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports. For that to work, the footsteps of those to be recognised would need to have been stored in
47、a database, which would be harder to arrange than the collection of mugshots and fingerprints that existing airport security systems rely on. Some people, however, might volunteer for it. Many aircrew or preregistered frequent flyers would welcome anything that speeded up one of the most tiresome pa
48、rts of modern travel.語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了一種新的識別方法：步態(tài)識別。9Camerabased gait recognition fails to come into wide use, because _.aits not easy to find the camerasbfinger print recognition is still popularcsometimes the cameras can be covereddits a waste of money to fix the equipmentegood lighting conditions cant
49、 be guaranteedfits difficult to set up the systemAa, c, fBb, d, eCc, d, f Dc, e, f解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第三句可知雖然人們已經(jīng)很擅長利用攝像機(jī)和計(jì)算機(jī)來分析人們的步態(tài)，但是要將這些知識轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)際的識別系統(tǒng)可能很難。主要有這樣幾個(gè)原因：cameras are hard to set up, require good lighting；may have their view blocked by other people。10Which of the following statements is TRU
50、E according to Paragraphs 68?AThe new mats function greatly with individual pressure sensors built in.BThe new mats will be likely to work better with enough pressure.CThe elderly are cured of their diseases with the monitor of the fibre optic.DRestricted areas are accessible to those with their gai
51、ts scanned beforehand.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“In these cases, employees would need to agree to their gaits being scanned .”可知在這些場合，員工(的步態(tài))需要和(之前)掃描過的步態(tài)一致。即事先掃描過步態(tài)的人可以進(jìn)入禁區(qū)。11What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 5?AThe matbased gaitrecognition system.BThe gait stored in the database.
52、CThe advantage of working in any light condition.DThe admission to a particular place.解析：選A代詞指代題。閱讀第五段的內(nèi)容可知 “it”指代上文中所提到過的名詞短語“A matbased gaitrecognition system”。12Whats the best title of the passage?AListen to your footstepsBApplaud pattern recognitionCLove the way you walkDBetter the mats you step on解析：選C標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要介紹了一種新的安全識別方法：步態(tài)識別。這種識別方法可以用在公共場所，而且比傳統(tǒng)的指紋識別方法速度更快，受到人們的歡迎。所以你走路的姿態(tài)將來可以成為識別你的一種方法，所以要珍惜、愛你自己的步態(tài)。用“Love the way you walk”作為標(biāo)題，能夠表達(dá)文章的主題。- 9 -
（江蘇專用）2020高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題限時(shí)檢測（二十一）閱讀理解C篇高分練（二）
