中考英語復習講義 第11章 被動語態(tài)

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1、中考英語復習講義 第11章 被動語態(tài) 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式.表示主講與謂講之間的關系。英講有曲種講態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)則表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。對于被動語態(tài)的考查，多集中在被動講態(tài)的結構及時態(tài)，以及被動語態(tài)的判斷、動詞過去分詞的正確拼寫方面。在學習過程中，.要注意揣摩句子的含義，掌握動詞過去分詞的不規(guī)則變化。內(nèi)容導視知識點1被動語態(tài)的構成知識點2被動語態(tài)的用法知識點3主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)知識點4主動形式表示被動意義知識點5不能使用被動語態(tài)的情況知識詳單知識點1被動語態(tài)的構成1. 被動語態(tài)的句型句型構成例句肯定句主語+be十過去分詞(十by.

2、)English is spoken everywhere.到處有人說英語。否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞(+by.)English isnt spoken by people here.這里的人不說英語。一般疑問句Be+主語+過去分詞(+by. .)?-Was Tom asked to e early?湯姆被要求早點來嗎?-Yes，he was.是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasnt.不，他沒有。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞(+by.)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the government?政府為什么要拆毀這座橋?2.被動語態(tài)

3、的各種時態(tài)形式時態(tài)結構例句一般現(xiàn)在時主語+ am/is/are十過去分詞+其他History is made by the people歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。These books are designed for children.這些書是為孩子們設計的。一般過去時主語+was/were+過去分詞+其他The letter was written in English這封信是用英語寫的。The cars were made in Shanghai.這些車是上海生產(chǎn)的。一般將來時主語+will be+過去分詞+其他Your job will be kept open for your return

4、.你的工作將保留到你回來。When will the work be finished?這項工作什么時候完成?現(xiàn)在進行時主語+am/is/am+being+過去分詞+其他A new railway is being built.一條新鐵路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired , I have to go to work by taxi.因為我的車正在修理，所以l我不得不坐出租車去上班。過去進行時主語+was/were+being+過去分詞+其他The hall was being built last year. Im not sure if it is

5、pleted.這個個大廳去年正在修建，我不清楚選擇完成了沒有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village.當我經(jīng)過那個村莊時，道路正在加寬。現(xiàn)在完成時主語+have/has been+過去分詞+其他He has been sent to work in Shanghai.他已經(jīng)被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday?運動會已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎?過去完成時主語+had been+過去分詞+其他The room had been broken i

6、nto before we came.我們來之前已經(jīng)有人強行進過這間屋。A new hotel had been built when I got there.我到那兒時，一座新旅館已經(jīng)建好了。情態(tài)動詞主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞+其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day.她的體溫應該一天量兩次。，If heated，water can be turned into vapour.如果受熱，水會變成蒸氣。知識點2被動語態(tài)的用法用法例句不知道或者不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者How is this word pronounced?這個單詞怎么發(fā)音?The

7、 book was published in xx.這本書是xx年出版的。強調(diào)動作的承受者School will be opened in our village.我們村將開辦一所新的希望學校當動作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時He is suspected of robbing the bank.有人懷疑他搶劫銀行。表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動作執(zhí)行者I have been told many times not to make noises有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。句法修飾的需要The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Ita

8、ly.喬要做這個報告他是意大利的一位年輕的音樂家。有些動詞習慣上常用被動語態(tài)He was born in this city.他出生在這個城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 據(jù)報道，他是來自新西蘭的一位教授。知識點3主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)說明例句含有單個賓語的主動句，即“主語+謂語動詞十賓語”:把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，并依據(jù)上表(被動語態(tài)的各種時態(tài)形式)把謂語改為被動形式;如果需要說明動作的發(fā)出者，則需加上“by.+主動句的主語(人稱代詞用賓格)”。The famous professor gave two

9、lectures in English(那位著名的教授用英語作了兩次報告。)Two lectures were given (by the famous professor)in EnglishThey often ask some question after class。(他們經(jīng)常在課后問一些問題。)Some questions are often asked(by them)after class.含有雙賓語的主動句，即“主語+間接賓語+直接賓語”:當直接賓語是名詞或代詞時，可把間接賓語和直接賓語中的任意一個變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而另一個保持不動。但是，當直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時，間接賓語前應加上

10、介詞to或for。The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation(老師給我提了一些關于發(fā)音方面的好建議。)1 was given some good advice on the pronunciation.Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.含有復合賓語的主動句，即“主語+賓語+賓語補足語”:把主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，賓補保持不動(成為主語補足語，簡稱主補)。We call him Li Hua.(我們叫他李華。)He is called Li Hua

11、.They painted the room white.(他們把房間粉刷成白色。)The room was Painted white.【易錯警示】感官動詞和使役動詞后接動詞原形作賓補，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，需要在動詞原形前加上省略的不定式符號to，即“be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth?！薄＠?They saw her enter the meeting room just now.(剛才他們看見她進入了會議室。)She was seen to enter the meeting room just now含有動詞短語(作謂語

12、)的主動句:謂語為及物動詞短語的主動句方可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。They take good care of these children.(他們把這些孩子照顧得非常好。)These children are taken good care of.We should make full use of the good chance.(我們應該充分利用這次好機會。)The good chance should be made full use of.【易錯警示】動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時，把它們看作一個整體變成被動結構，其后的介詞和副詞不可丟掉。知識點4主動形式表示被動意義情況例句說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征的動詞

13、，用主動形式表達被動意義，如:lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等.:;.The cloth washes well. 這種布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake doesnt cut easilv.剛烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的連系動詞，用主動形式表達被動意義，如:smell，feel，taste，look，sound等This piece of music sounds good.這段音樂聽起來不錯。Mooncakes taste delicious.月餅嘗起來很美味。某些動詞后用動名詞的主動形式表達被動意義，如:need，want，

14、require，worth等The bike needs repairing. 這輛自行車需要修理。Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了?！局R拓展】常見的被動形式表主動意義的詞組:be seated坐著，就座; be hidden躲藏;be lost迷路;be drunk喝醉;be dressed穿著知識點5不能使用被動語態(tài)的情況情況例句不及物動詞和系動詞無被動語態(tài)A fire broke out last night.昨晚發(fā)生了火災。某些表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞或及物動詞短語也不能用被動語態(tài)This coat doesnt fit me.這件外套不適合我。The hal

15、l can contain two hundred people。這個大廳可以容納200人。反身代詞或相互代詞作賓語的句子不能用被動語態(tài)We have helped each other for over two years.我們相互幫助有兩年多了。賓語是不定式或動名詞的句子不可用被動語態(tài)Most people want to have their own house，.許多人想要有自己的房子。當謂語動詞和賓語構成一個不可分割的整體時，即固定短語，句子不可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)It took him a long time to make up his mind.他用了很久才下定決心。Whos goin

16、g to take his place after he leaves?他走了誰來頂替他?【知識拓展】這樣的短語常用的有:do ones best盡力，盡最大努力; make a face做鬼臉; lose heart失去信心，喪失勇氣 -.考點突破考點1考查及物動詞的被動語態(tài)1.(北京中考)A new hospital _ in my town next year. A .builds B. built C. is built D. will be built 【解析】選D。主語hospital與謂語動詞build之間是動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)，next year說明要用一般將來 時。故選D。

17、2.(矜南中考)The Spring Festival_ in January or February. A .celebrate B. was celebrated C. celebrated D. celebrated 【解析】選D。主語The Spring Festival與celebrate之間是動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)，春節(jié)在一月或二月過 是常態(tài)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。3.(安順中考)一Wow! You have a ticket to the Expo! 一It_ by my uncleHe 15 working in ShanghaiA. has bought B. had bought

18、 Cis bought Dwas bought【解析】it與buy之間是動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)，票已經(jīng)買過了應該用一般過去時。故選D。4.(巴中中考)English_ widely all over the world.A. speaks B. is spoken C. are spoken 【解析】選B。English是單數(shù)形式，且句子為被動語態(tài)，謂語應用is spoken?？键c2 考查情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)5.(滬州中考)The dictionary may _ for three weeks.A.keep B. be kept C. borrow D. be borrowed 【解析】選B

19、for three weeks 表示一段時間，要用延續(xù)性動詞，排除C、D；dictionary與keep之間是動賓關系，用被動語態(tài)結構，may 是情態(tài)動詞，系動詞要用be。故選擇B6、(咸寧中考)-Food safety is very important.-So some rules _ to stop people from polluting food.A. must make B. must be made C. must made D. be made【解析】選B、rules和make.之間是動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)結構.排除A、C；D項be動詞原形有誤，應該為are，排除D； mus

20、t是情態(tài)動詞.后面的系動詞耍用be，B項正確。7(衡陽中考)Teenagers _ allowed to drive.A. Shouldnt be B. should be not C. not should be【解析】選A。情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的否定形式為:情態(tài)動詞+not+be+動詞的過去分詞。故選A?？键c3 考查及物動詞短語的被動語態(tài)8.(鄂州中考)The meeting _ because of the smog in Northern China last week.A. put out B. was put out C. put off D. was put off【解析】選D。由

21、句意可知，會議被推遲了，要用被動語態(tài)結構。排除A、C; Put out意為“撲滅，熄滅，與句意不符，故選D。9.(哈爾濱中考)On June 11th，xx，Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts _ into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.Asent up B. are sent up C. was sent up【解析】選c。由on June llth，xx可知該句為一般過去時，排除B項;主語Shenzhou-10與謂語動詞存在被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)，故選C。