三年高考(2017-2019)高考英語真題分項(xiàng)匯編 專題06 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣(含解析)

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1、三年(2017-2019)年高考真題分項(xiàng)匯編專題06 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣 一、2019年高考真題1.【2019江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.A. hadB. will haveC. would have hadD. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意:真遺憾!你錯(cuò)過了這次觀光,否則,我們本應(yīng)該在一起度過一段愉快時(shí)光的。根據(jù)上文,可知是對(duì)過去事情的虛擬,與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:從句:If+主語+過去完成時(shí)+其他,主句:主語+should(w

2、ould, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他,故選C。2.【2019天津卷單項(xiàng)填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意:工人們沒有被更好的組織起來,否則他們用一半的時(shí)間就能完成任務(wù)。根據(jù)上句the workers were not better organi

3、zed可知,這是對(duì)過去事情的虛擬。與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為:從句:If+主語+過去完成時(shí)+其他,主句:主語+should(would, could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+其他,故選D。二、2018年高考真題1.【2018江蘇】24. Itsstrangethathe_ havetakenthebookswithouttheownerspermission.A. would B. shouldC. could D. might【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意:真奇怪,他竟然沒有主人的允許就拿走了這些書。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange

4、/impossible/natural that.”中,其中由that引導(dǎo)的主語從句通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣,其中的should可以省略。故選B。點(diǎn)睛:本題考查虛擬語氣。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that. 主語從句多數(shù)情況下用虛擬語氣,表達(dá)一種要求、命令或者責(zé)備、建議或主觀看法。但是如果只是表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)而不是強(qiáng)烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陳述語氣。試比較: It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陳述一個(gè)事實(shí):他犯了錯(cuò)誤讓人有點(diǎn)奇怪。) It i

5、s strange that he (should) have made a mistake. (虛擬語氣,說話者是在責(zé)備他本不應(yīng)該犯錯(cuò)。)2.【2018江蘇】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A. had B. will haveC. would have had D. have had【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意:在這個(gè)村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有機(jī)會(huì)去更多的參與。本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,表示與

6、現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望,所以從句用一般過去時(shí)。故選A。點(diǎn)睛:本題考查wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣。由wish引起的表示愿望的虛擬語氣:1用wish表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的愿望時(shí),它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞形式為:過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)。2用wish表示對(duì)將來的愿望時(shí),它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞形式為:would, could, might+ 動(dòng)詞原形。3wish用于對(duì)過去的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí),賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞形式為:had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞或could, would + have +動(dòng)詞過去分詞。分析此題需抓住前句There is a good social life in the villa

7、ge的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),可以判斷出此題wish用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。3.【2018天津】10. I cant find my purse. I_ it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure.A. should leave B. must have leftC. might leave D. could have left【答案】D【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)和虛擬語氣。句意:我不能找到我的錢包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不確定。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語yesterday可知,是對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè),故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have d

8、one,再根據(jù)后句but Im not sure.可知,此推測(cè)為不能肯定的推測(cè),故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could,表示“可能”。故選D。點(diǎn)睛:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是每年高考的熱點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)。本題抓住兩點(diǎn):第一、時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語可以判斷出是對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè),故用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done;如果是對(duì)現(xiàn)在事情的推測(cè),才用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+v原形。第二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇。must為肯定推測(cè),表示“一定”,could為不肯定推測(cè),表示“可能”,這樣就能選出正確答案。4.【2018北京】12. In todays information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problem

9、s for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must【答案】C【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:在今天的信息時(shí)代,數(shù)據(jù)的丟失有時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)公司造成嚴(yán)重的問題。數(shù)據(jù)丟失造成嚴(yán)重問題是客觀上會(huì)發(fā)生的情況,即“客觀可能性”,故該空應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can。C選項(xiàng)正確。其余情態(tài)動(dòng)詞均沒有該用法。need需要;should應(yīng)該,竟然;must必須,肯定。點(diǎn)睛:can的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,會(huì);2. (表示推測(cè))可能,可能會(huì);3.(表示允許,請(qǐng)求)可以;4.(表示客觀可能性)有時(shí)會(huì)。5.【2018北京】13. They might have found a b

10、etter hotel if they _ a few more kilometers.A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果他們多開幾公里的話,他們也許會(huì)找到一個(gè)更好的旅館。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,該句是表示對(duì)過去的虛擬。if _ a few more kilometers是條件句部分,表示對(duì)過去的虛擬,條件句部分要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài),故D選項(xiàng)正確。6.【2018天津】15. If we _the flight yesterd

11、ay, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beachA. had caught B. caughtC. have caught D. would catch【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意:如果我們昨天趕上飛機(jī)的話,現(xiàn)在我們正在海灘享受我們的假日了。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語yesterday可知,從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,故用had + v-ed。故選A。點(diǎn)睛:本題考查虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣重要做題原則:根據(jù)題干中主句或從句中動(dòng)詞形式判斷所考查的動(dòng)詞的虛擬時(shí)間,一般要保持一致,但要注意錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語氣要根據(jù)各自所表示的虛擬時(shí)間做出調(diào)整。本題就是錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語氣,

12、從句與過去事實(shí)相反,故用had + v-ed,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。 三、2017年高考真題1.【2017北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need【答案】C試題分析:A. must 必須;B. should應(yīng)該;C. can能;D. need需要。句意:Samuel,我們班最高的男生,能很輕松地夠著書架頂上的書。此處需要一個(gè)表示能力的詞,故用can,答案為C。考點(diǎn):考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2.【2017北京卷】

13、34. If the new safety system _ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put【答案】A試題分析:句意:如果這個(gè)新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用過的話,這個(gè)事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。根據(jù)主句確定是對(duì)過去情況的虛擬,所以從句謂語用had done形式,此外根據(jù)句意可知是被動(dòng),用被動(dòng)語態(tài),故A項(xiàng)是正確的??键c(diǎn):考查虛擬語氣?!久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】英語中的三種語氣,語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,用來說明我們對(duì)自己的話所采取的態(tài)度。1、 陳

14、述語氣(疑問,否定,肯定,感嘆)2、 祈使語氣(命令,要求,建議,警告)3、 虛擬語氣:不可能發(fā)生的事,愿望,建議,與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等.一、 虛擬語氣在條件中的具體用法真實(shí)條件句If you work hard,youll surely pass the exam.虛擬條件句(假設(shè)情況不存在,實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)很?。㊣f I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.if從句的謂語動(dòng)詞主句謂語動(dòng)詞1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過去式(be一律用were)would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形2.與過去事實(shí)相反had done would/could

15、/might/should+have done3.與將來事實(shí)可能相反a.動(dòng)詞過去式(be一律用were)b.should+動(dòng)詞原形(不能用would)c.were to+動(dòng)詞原形would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原形3.【2017江蘇卷】22. _ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B【解析】考查虛擬語氣的省略。虛擬語氣中,be動(dòng)詞統(tǒng)一用were;虛擬語氣

16、的省略形式主要是把if省略,同時(shí)把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I.,故選B?!久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】在虛擬語氣中,be動(dòng)詞只能用were;虛擬條件句省去連詞if時(shí),從句主謂部分倒裝:Were/Had/Should+主語+謂語動(dòng)詞.若條件從句為否定句,否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語之后,而不能與were, should, had 等縮略成Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt置于句首??键c(diǎn):考查虛擬語氣和倒裝4.【2017天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I _clean it before I go out tonight. I ca

17、n do it in the morning.A. darentB. shouldntC. needntD. mustnt【答案】C【解析】試題分析: 句意:我的房間很亂,但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打掃,我可以明天早晨再打掃。A.不敢;B.不應(yīng)該;C不需要;D.不許。根據(jù)句意,故選C??键c(diǎn):考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。【名師點(diǎn)睛】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要考查句意和說話人的語氣的強(qiáng)弱,這幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式意思各不相同,確定各自的含義,弄清它們的區(qū)別再結(jié)合上下文語境就不難理解了。 darent通常表示“不敢”,shouldnt強(qiáng)調(diào)的是沒有義務(wù),必要性;neednt表示“不需要”,mustnt 表示不許,語氣比較強(qiáng)烈,它

18、們之間有明顯不同。 5.【2017天津卷】15. Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have been C. werent D. wouldnt be【答案】B【解析】試題分析:句意:你有貝蒂的電話號(hào)碼嗎?有。否則我昨天就聯(lián)系不到她了。此處otherwise(否則)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,由yesterday可知本句對(duì)過去進(jìn)行虛擬,由此可以判斷出主句用wouldnt have done,故選B。 2016年高考真

19、題1.【2016北京】31. I love the weekend, because I _ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustntC. wouldnt D. shouldnt【答案】A【解析】試題分析:題目考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意:我喜歡周末,因?yàn)橹芰椭苋瘴也恍枰缙?。A. neednt不需要;B. mustnt禁止;C. wouldnt不愿;D. shouldnt不應(yīng)該。根據(jù)句意可知,周六、周日不用早起,故選A。考點(diǎn):考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2.【2016北京】34. Why didnt you tell me about you

20、r trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had toldC. were to tell D. would tell【答案】B考點(diǎn):考查虛擬語氣3.【2016江蘇】27.If itfor his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.A.had not beenB.should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been【答案】A4.【2016天津】5. It was really annoy

21、ing; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt【答案】B【解析】試題分析:句意:這真是令人心煩;我不能進(jìn)入你推薦的數(shù)據(jù)庫。wouldnt不愿意;couldnt不能;shouldnt不應(yīng)該;neednt不必。根據(jù)句意可知選B。5.【2016天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _. A. were injured B. would be injured

22、C. had been injured D. would have been injured【答案】D【解析】試題分析:句意:我當(dāng)時(shí)系著安全帶。如果我沒有系安全帶,我就會(huì)受傷了。使用虛擬語氣,根據(jù)if條件句用的had done,可知,主句用would have done表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬,而且I和injure是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故選D。6.【2016浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen【答案】D 【解析】句意:如果政府和科學(xué)家不共同努力,與艾滋病相關(guān)的死亡人數(shù)就不會(huì)從2005年的最高點(diǎn)下降。使用虛擬語氣,if條件句用的had done,而且省略if,將had提前,主句用would have done表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬。故選D。8

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