高考英語二輪復習 第二部分 專題七 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件.ppt

怎么考 在語境中考查各種時態(tài)與語態(tài)形式。 怎么學 在平時的閱讀、寫作訓練中，認真體會動詞的各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式，不拘泥于語法。 怎么解 1.通過“時態(tài)定義”解題；2.通過“固定結(jié)構(gòu)”解題；3.通過“語境暗示”解題。,.體驗考向 用所給動詞的適當形式填空。 1.(2015江蘇卷)The real reason why prices _(be)，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 2.(2015湖南卷)As you go through this book，you _(find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different experience. 3.(2015北京卷)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. All right.I _(call)him later.,4.(2015浙江卷)Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child，few people guessed that he _(go)be a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. 5.(2015重慶卷)Is Peter coming? No，he _(change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 6.(2015陜西卷)At college，Barack Obama didnt know that he _(become)the first black president of the United States of America. 7.(2015四川卷)More expressways_(build)in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.,答案 1.were句意：價格過去和現(xiàn)在仍然過高的原因是復雜的，沒有簡短的討論可以令人滿意地解釋這個問題。根據(jù)and still are可以推斷出空白處是對過去時態(tài)的考查。 2.will find句意：在你瀏覽這本書時，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)歷二戰(zhàn)的數(shù)百萬人的經(jīng)歷各不相同。as引導時間狀語從句，意思是“當?shù)臅r候”，在從句中使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，所以主句使用一般將來時，即所謂“主將從現(xiàn)”，主句使用一般將來時，從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時。,3.will call句意：Dr.Jackson現(xiàn)在不在他的辦公室里。好的，過一會兒我再給他打電話。由句中的later可知此處要用一般將來時。 4.was going to句意：愛因斯坦出生于1879年。小時候，幾乎沒有人想到他會成為一個其理論將會改變世界的科學家。根據(jù)語境可知，此處要用過去將來時。 5.changed句意：彼特要來嗎？不，當接到一個電話后，他最后時刻改變了主意。句中的after a phone call at the last minute 表明動作發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時。,6.was to become/would become句意：大學的時候，奧巴馬不知道他會成為美國的第一位黑人總統(tǒng)。表示“注定成為”要用be to do；主句是一般過去時，所以從句要用過去將來時。 7.will be built句意：四川將建設更多的高速公路以促進當?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(發(fā)展)。根據(jù)時間狀語soon可知，此空為將來時；主語expressways和動詞build之間為動賓關(guān)系，故要用一般將來時的被動形式。,.語境感悟 用所給詞的適當形式完成下列短文，然后朗讀或背誦，體會動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的用法。 When he was a little boy，Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand. “Wouldnt it work quickly if the machine _1_ (turn) the wheel for you？”he asked. “I suppose it would，”said his mother，without paying any attention to him.,Christopher _2_ (know) she always had a lot of work，and he wanted to help.In his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father _3_ (buy) him as a gift.“I _4_ (make) better use of it，”little Christopher said to himself.So，when his mother _5_ (not use) her sewing-machine，he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job _6_ (finish)，he was quite pleased，thinking his mother _7_ (like) it.,“Very clever，”his mother said，when she saw it.Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I _8_ (work) like this for too many years，” she explained. This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who _9_ (try) to improve anything _10_ (have) to learn：Many people dont like new ideas.,答案 1.turned表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬，用一般過去時。 2.knew一般過去時表示過去的動作。 3.had bought表示“過去的過去”用過去完成時。 4.will/shall make此處用一般將來時表示臨時的決定或安排。 5.was not using過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。,6.was finished一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 7.would like過去將來時，相對于過去某一時刻而言即將發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 8.have been working用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動作。 9.tries一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習慣性的動作、客觀真理、科學事實等。 10.has同上題。,.正反探究 1.【誤】Hi，Lucy，you look tired.Im really tired.I have painted the living room all day. 【正】Hi，Lucy，you look tired.Im really tired.I have been painting the living room all day. 解析現(xiàn)在完成進行時態(tài)，表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能會繼續(xù)下去。這一點是從時間狀語 all day (整天)看出來的。,2.【誤】Nancy is not coming tonight.But she has promised! 【正】Nancy is not coming tonight.But she promised! 解析南?！按饝獊怼边@個動作應該發(fā)生在過去，是過去作出的承諾，前文已告訴我們“她不來了”，因此諾言已跟現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，只是過去的一個動作。,3.【誤】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower. 【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 解析從關(guān)鍵信息 I had just finished my work 可以看出是“正要開始洗澡”應該是將來時，was starting 可以表示馬上就要進行的動作；而 started 表示“開始了”。,4.【誤】 I dont really work here；I just help out until the new secretary arrives. 【正】 I dont really work here；I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives. 解析一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的、經(jīng)常性的行為或狀態(tài)，而現(xiàn)在進行時表示正在進行的、暫時性的動作。本句是用現(xiàn)在進行時的形式表示將來時，此處表示“我”現(xiàn)在只是在臨時幫忙，是現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。,5.很多的鳥類正被人們捕殺。 【誤】 Many birds are killed now. 【正】 Many birds are being killed now. 解析現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，不能遺漏其中的助動詞，導致時態(tài)錯誤。,.考點確認 一、常考各種時態(tài)的用法 1.一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的、習慣性的動作，通常用usually，often，always，sometimes，every day，once a week等作時間狀語。 I usually have my hair cut once a month. The students often do their experiments in the lab. (2)表示客觀真理、格言以及不受時間限制的客觀存在。 The earth moves around the sun. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.,(3)表示按時間表、計劃、規(guī)定發(fā)生的動作。 The train leaves at 2：35 this afternoon. (4)將主句是一般將來時的時間、條件、讓步狀語從句中代替將來時。 You will succeed if you try your best. Even if it rains tomorrow，the football match will take place.,2.現(xiàn)在進行時 (1)表示說話時正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 Our friends are waiting for us outside now. (2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事情。 She is learning English at college. (3)某些短暫性動詞，如come，go，start，open，close，arrive，return，begin，leave等用于進行時，表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。,My father is coming to see me this Saturday. He is leaving for Beijing next week. (4)某些動詞的進行時表示慢慢地、漸漸地發(fā)生變化。 Im forgetting English. She is losing her eyesight.,3.現(xiàn)在完成時 (1)表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果，常用recently，lately，ever，never，once，before，yet，just等作時間狀語。 He hasnt heard any news from his son lately. Have you ever been to London? (2)表示開始于過去某一時刻，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且還有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作。常用so far，up till now，since，for a long time，in the past/last few years，these days等作時間狀語。,So far no life has been found outside the earth. He has learned 5，000 English words since he went to college. (3)“This/It isthe序數(shù)詞timethat.”句式中，that后的從句用現(xiàn)在完成時。 This is the second time that I have visited the university.,4.現(xiàn)在完成進行時 (1)表示開始于過去某個時間、一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在而且會繼續(xù)進行下去的動作。 I am very tired.I have been painting the house all the afternoon. (2)表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直反復進行的動作。 I have been calling him several times this morning，but there is no answer.,5.一般過去時 (1)表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作時間狀語。 It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. He came to work here two weeks ago. (2)在時間、條件從句中代替過去將來時。 He said he would not go if it rained.,(3)有些句子，雖然沒有明確的表示過去的時間狀語，但實際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時。常見的此類動詞有know，think，expect等，表示“本來認為”。 I didnt expect to meet you here. I thought he had heard the news. 6.過去完成時 (1)表示在過去某一時間或某一動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。 By the end of last term，we had learned 2，000 words. He had left before I got home.,(2)hope，expect，think，intend，want，suppose等用于過去完成時，表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖，意為“原本”。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match. (3)“It/This/That wasthe序數(shù)詞timethat.”句式中，that后的從句用過去完成時。 It was the third time that he had made the same mistake. (4)“hardly/scarcely.when.”和“no sooner.than.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過去完成時。 Hardly had the game started when it started to rain.,7.過去進行時 (1)表示過去某一時刻或階段正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事情。 She was writing a book about China last year，but I dont know whether she has finished it. (2)表示過去一個動作發(fā)生時另一個動作正在進行。 It was raining as the medical team made its way to the front. He was watching TV in the living room when someone knocked at the door. (3)短暫性動詞come，go，leave，arrive，begin等用于過去進行時，表示按計劃、安排在過去某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作。,8.一般將來時 一般將來時表示將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。 (1)“shall/will動詞原形”表示將來，往往指客觀上勢必要發(fā)生的事情或沒有計劃，臨時做出的打算。shall用于第一人稱，will用于第二、三人稱。 When will you be able to give us a reply? We shall have a lot of rain next month. Where is the telephone book? Ill go and get it for you.,(2)be going to do形式表示將來，一般指按計劃、打算要做某事，或有跡象要出現(xiàn)的情況。 I am going to buy a computer this summer. It is going to be fine tomorrow. (3)be to do表示將來，一般指按計劃或安排要做某事，或按職責、義務和要求必須去做某事。 She is to get married next week. I am to buy some books this afternoon. (4)be about to do表示將來，多指不久或即將要發(fā)生的動作，不強調(diào)主觀，不能與表示具體時間的狀語連用。 The train is about to leave.,9.過去將來時 過去將來時表示從過去某個時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。這種時態(tài)通常有個過去時間或動作作參照。 He said he would wait for us at the bus stop. She was about to open the door when the telephone rang. Every morning he would climb to the top of the hill in those days.,10.將來進行時 將來進行時由will/shall be doing形式構(gòu)成，表示將來某個時間正在進行的動作。 Please dont come at ten tomorrow morning.I will be having a meeting. What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?,二、被動語態(tài) 1.使用被動語態(tài)的情況 (1)不知道或沒有必要知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時。 The young man was injured in the car accident. (2)需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時。 Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. (3)為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ綍r。 Everybody is expected to obey the following rules.,(4)動作的執(zhí)行者不是人而是無生命的事物時。 The windows were broken by strong wind. (5)有些習慣用法只以或常以被動語態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)。 I am determined to take medicine. 2.沒有被動語態(tài)的動詞 一些表示狀態(tài)及擁有的及物動詞，以及have，get，owe，belong to，cost等動詞沒有被動語態(tài)形式。 This hall can hold 500 people. The house belongs to my uncle. His careless driving cost his life.,