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1、非謂語動(dòng)詞 一、動(dòng)詞不定式 1.動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能 (1)不定式作主語 To know something about English is one thing；to know English is quite another. 此時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在句子的后部。 It isnt easy for her to find a new job. (2)不定式作賓語 不定式可作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語，常見的動(dòng)詞有：afford， agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage， promise，pretend，plan，intend，re
2、fuse，wish等。 I promised not to be late.,介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，如前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不 定式就要省略to。 It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. They did nothing but complain. (3)不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語 某些動(dòng)詞如tell，want，wish，advise，order，require， expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg， allow，forbid等后可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 My doc
3、tor advised me to take a rest. 某些感官動(dòng)詞如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或 使役動(dòng)詞如have，let，make等后面可接不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ) 足語。但如果句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，就必須帶to 符號(hào)。 Did you notice anyone go into the house? Was anyone noticed to go into the house?,某些動(dòng)詞如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可 接不定式作賓語，但賓語后要接形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，而 且要用it作
4、形式賓語。 News services make it possible for newspapers to give their readers news from around the world. (4)不定式作定語 Do you have the ability to read and write English? 作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞 是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。 Please give me a knife to cut with. 不定式作定語一般表示將來的動(dòng)作，但修飾有序數(shù)詞或形容詞 最高級(jí)限定的名詞時(shí)，則表示已完成的
5、動(dòng)作。 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.,(5)不定式作狀語 不定式一般作目的狀語，還可用短語in order to 或so as to。 He sat down to have a rest. 不定式有時(shí)可作結(jié)果狀語，表示意想不到的結(jié)果，還可用only to。 He left，never to return. He lifted a stone only to drop it on his ow
6、n feet. 不定式可用在下列句子中表示結(jié)果：,He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.,不定式可作評(píng)注性狀語，用以修飾整個(gè)句子。 To be honest，I know nothing about it. (6)不定式作表語 The first step is to check the victims breathing. All I did was (to) press the button. (7)“疑問詞不定式”在句中可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語。 When and where to hold the meeting is not
7、known yet. I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it. 【注】此時(shí)不可用if to do結(jié)構(gòu)。,2.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),(1)不定式的時(shí)態(tài) 不定式的一般式表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示一種狀態(tài)。 I wish to finish my business and get away. He pretended to be asleep when his mother came in. 不定式的進(jìn)行式表示不定式動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行之中。 It happened to be raining hard when the accident occurred.
8、,不定式的完成式表示不定式動(dòng)作已完成或發(fā)生在句子的謂語動(dòng) 詞之前。 He is generally considered to have invented the telephone. (2)不定式的語態(tài) 當(dāng)不定式與自己的邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如 果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 He refused to go abroad. He refused to be taken abroad. 【注】下列情況下不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義： 不定式作定語時(shí)。 She has a sister to look after. 不定式放在形容詞之后時(shí)。 This book is difficu
9、lt to understand.,個(gè)別動(dòng)詞用在“be不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中表將來或應(yīng)該時(shí)。 I think he is to blame.我認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。 3.不定式的省略問題 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可用省略形式，但常常要保留不定 式符號(hào)to。這種情況常出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞expect，hope，wish，mean， prefer，care，forget，want，try或be glad，be happy或would like/love等后面。如果不定式中含有be，have，have been時(shí)，這 些詞也可保留。 I havent been to Hong Kong，but I wish to. “
10、I didnt tell him the news.”“Oh，you ought to have.”,二、動(dòng)名詞 1.動(dòng)名詞的功能 (1)動(dòng)名詞作主語 Watching them is a thrilling experience. 【注】有時(shí)用it 作形式主語，而把動(dòng)詞的ing 形式放在句子的 后部。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. (2)動(dòng)名詞作賓語 下列動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，不可接不定式作賓語： admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy， escape，excuse，finish，
11、imagine，keep，mind，miss， practise，risk，resist，suggest等。 I admit breaking the window.,下列短語后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語：burst out，cant stand，end up，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put off，devote.to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)等。 He d
12、idnt want to end up going home alone. 下列動(dòng)詞或短語后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，意義上有所不 同。,Remember to post the letter for me on your way to school.請(qǐng)你在上學(xué)的路上記住替我把這封信寄出去。 I remember turning off the light before I left the office. 我記得在離開辦公室前關(guān)上了燈。 動(dòng)詞like，love，prefer，hate，continue等后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞 作賓語均可。但如表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作要用動(dòng)名詞，如表示具體的 行為要用不定
13、式。 I like swimming，but I dont like to swim this afternoon.,動(dòng)詞allow，advise，forbid，permit等后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但要接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 動(dòng)詞need，require，want作“需要”解時(shí)，其后要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)或不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)作賓語。 The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 形容詞worth后要接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，它不同于wort
14、hy 的用法。 The place is worth visiting. The place is worthy of being visited/to be visited.,介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 What do you mean by saying that? I congratulated them on getting married. (3)動(dòng)名詞作表語 My hobby is growing flowers. (4)動(dòng)名詞作定語 He had a very expensive walking stick. 2.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),He went away without say
15、ing anything. He came into the room without being seen. Im sorry for having wasted so much of your time. I forgot having been given a Christmas gift years ago. 3.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)名詞之前有時(shí)要加上自己的邏輯主語構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主 語可用名詞的所有格或物主代詞，有時(shí)也可用名詞或賓格代詞。 I cant imagine George sailing across the ocean in a boat. My coming back
16、 home late made my mother very angry.,三、分詞 1.現(xiàn)在分詞的功能 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 下列動(dòng)詞后可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：see，hear，notice， observe，watch，listen to，look at，have，keep，leave， find，catch，feel等。 She kept me waiting for over 20 minutes. 【注】如果句子改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，那么現(xiàn)在分詞則變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足 語。 The boy was caught cheating in the exam. (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語 The movie
17、is very boring. (3)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，通常表示與先行詞之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 The taxi taking us to the airport broke down.,【注】being done形式表示正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，且與先行詞之間 是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 The house being built will serve as a library. 正在建的那座房子將作為圖書館用。 (4)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，可表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、 行為方式、伴隨狀況等。此時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語通常就是句 子的主語，而且現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語之間一般具有邏輯上的主
18、 謂關(guān)系。 The cup dropped to the ground，breaking into pieces. Jack came running over.,【注】如果現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，就要用分詞 的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 Weather permitting，well play golf this afternoon. We explored the cave，Peter acting as a guide. 現(xiàn)在分詞還可作評(píng)注性狀語，表示說話人的態(tài)度，此時(shí)現(xiàn)在分 詞與句子的主語無關(guān)。常見的說法有：generally speaking“一般 來說”；frankly speaki
19、ng“坦白地說”；judging from.“根據(jù) 來判斷”；considering.“考慮到”等。 Considering the distance，he arrived very quickly.,2.現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),Not knowing her address，I wasnt able to contact her. I saw him being taken away when I passed by his house. Having bought our tickets，we went into the theatre. Having been told many time
20、s，he still repeated the same mistake. 3.過去分詞 過去分詞一般在句中作賓補(bǔ)、表語、定語和狀語，通常表示已 完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或一種狀態(tài)。 Youd better have the television repaired.,Some of the people invited to the party cant come. The teacher came into the lab，followed by some students. Given a chance，I can surprise the world. He stood in front of t
21、he room with his arms folded. 四、不定式被動(dòng)式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語 1.過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作或是在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，或是 沒有一定的時(shí)間性。 Have you read the novel written by Dickens? 2.現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作定語時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動(dòng) 詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the students.,3.不定式的被動(dòng)式作定語時(shí)，表示一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作。 The question to be discussed a
22、t tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 五、分詞、不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別 1.感官動(dòng)詞(see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to， notice等)和使役動(dòng)詞have后面的賓補(bǔ)有三種形式，即原形動(dòng)詞 (不帶to的不定式)，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)或正 在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表被動(dòng)或完成，動(dòng)詞原形表主動(dòng)和完成。 I heard her sing an English song just now. 剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。 I heard her singing an English song wh
23、en I passed by her room yesterday.昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見她在唱英文歌。 I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。,2.leave后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，意為“使處于某種狀態(tài)”。 sb.doing sth.讓某人一直做某事 （賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行） sth.undone留下某事未做 leave （賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，一般以 undone.unfinished,unsettled,untouched為多） sb.to do sth.留下某人做某事 st
24、h.to be done留下某事要做 （不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作） Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. The guests left most of the dishes untouched，because they didnt taste delicious. He left，leaving me to do all the rest work.,3.have，get后接三種形式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，其中have，get表示“使、讓、 叫”之意。 （1）have sth.doneget sth.done“使/讓某事由別人去做”。 Ill have/
25、get my bike repaired tomorrow. 【注】have sth.done還表示“使遭受”之意。 Tom had his leg broken while playing football.,The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time. The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.,【注】“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之 意。 I wont
26、 have you speaking to your parents like that.,Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. I cant get him to stop smoking.He wont listen to me. 六、注意以下表達(dá)的意義區(qū)別,過關(guān)落實(shí) 1.The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed! A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving 解析：不定式to arrive 作the last one 的后置定語，表示“最 后來的那個(gè)人”。 答
27、案：C,2.I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute? A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burnt 解析：強(qiáng)調(diào)“聞到某物正在燃燒”，選擇v.ing形式，且此處burn 為不及物動(dòng)詞，因此不用被動(dòng)形式。 答案：A 3.At the beginning of the class，the noise of desks _could be heard outside the classroom. A.opened and closed B.to be opened
28、 and closed C.being opened and closed D.to open and close 解析：句中意為“桌子(抽屜)正在被打開、關(guān)上的聲音”，強(qiáng)調(diào) 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用being done。 答案：C,4.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day. A.watered B.watering C.water D.to water 解析：unless watered作條件狀語，表示條件，water因和主語 (the flowers)為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。 答案：A 5.As a resul
29、t of the serious flood，twothirds of the buildings in the area _. A.need repairing B.needs to repair C.needs repairing D.need to repair 解析：主語中分?jǐn)?shù)修飾的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)(the buildings)，故排除 B、C；need doing等于need to be done，表示被動(dòng)。 答案：A,6.You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A.walked B.walk C.t
30、o walk D.walking 解析：have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困難，固定 句型，在本句中difficulty提前了。 答案：D 7.Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh，yes.How often I have regretted _ his advice! A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking 解析：regretv.ing形式表示后悔做過某事；v.ing形式的否 定式在其前面加not。 答案：D,8.The country has already sent up t
31、hree unmanned spacecraft，the most recent _ at the end of last March. A.has been launched B.having been launched C.being launched D.to be launched 解析：having been launched等于which has been launched， 表示“已經(jīng)被發(fā)射”。 答案：B 9.Come on，please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry.With so much work _ my mind
32、，I almost break down. A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled 解析：work與fill為主謂關(guān)系，故用filling作賓補(bǔ)。 答案：B,10.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do. A.moved B.moving C.to move D.being moved 解析：此處moving在句中做伴隨狀語。 答案：B 11.I cant stand _ with Jane in th
33、e same office.She just refuses _ talking while she works. A.working；stopping B.to work；stopping C.working；to stop D.to work；to stop 解析：stand doing sth.忍受做某事；refuse to do sth.拒絕 做某事，均為固定搭配。 答案：C,12.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. A.to be told B.to tell
34、C.told D.telling 解析：“only不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)表示一種出乎意料的結(jié)果(失望， 沮喪等)，此處用不定式的被動(dòng)式表示“卻被告知”。 答案：A 13.It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration. A.to accept B.accept C.accepting D.accepted 解析：本句中his accepting作動(dòng)詞imagine的賓語。 答案：C,14.Russ and Earl were auto mechanics _ the same pay， but Earl ha
35、d more ambition. A.to earn B.to have earned C.earning D.earned 解析：本句中earning為后置定語，相當(dāng)于who earned。 答案：C 15.In the dream Peter saw himself _ by a fierce wolf，and he woke suddenly with a start. A.chased B.to be chased C.be chased D.having been chased 解析：see oneself done看到自己被；句子用過去分詞 chased表示被動(dòng)(被追逐)。 答案：A,
高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件.ppt
