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摘要
橋式起重機的梁有多種結構，本設計采用箱形雙梁結構。主梁跨度25.5m ,是由上、下蓋板和兩塊垂直的腹板組成封閉箱形截面實體板梁連接。因本設計的起重量比較大，故主梁內部設置橫縱加勁板，以保證主梁橋架受載后的穩(wěn)定性。
端梁部分在起重機中有著重要的作用，它是承載平移運輸?shù)年P鍵部件。端梁部分是由車輪組合端梁架組成，端梁部分主要有上蓋板，腹板和下蓋板組成；端梁是由兩段通過連接板和角鋼用高強螺栓連接而成。在端梁的內部設有加強筋，以保證端梁架受載后的穩(wěn)定性。
本設計大車運行機構部分采用分別驅動，分別驅動省去了中間部分的傳動軸，使得質量減輕，尺寸減小。分別驅動的結構不因主梁的變形而在大車傳動性機能方面受到影響，從而保證了運行機構多方面的可靠性。所以，大車運行機構采用分別驅動。
設計中參考了各種資料, 運用各種途徑, 努力利用各種條件來完成此次設計。本設計通過反復斟酌各種設計方案, 認真討論, 不斷反復校核, 力求設計合理;通過采取計算機輔助設計方法以及參考前人的先進經驗, 力求有所創(chuàng)新;通過計算機輔助設計方法, 繪圖和設計計算都充分發(fā)揮計算機的強大輔助功能, 力求設計高效。
關鍵詞:箱形雙梁 橋式起重機 主梁 端梁
ABSTRACT
The beam has a variety of structure of bridge crane，This design uses the box beam structure. Girder span 25.5 m, is composed of upper and lower cover plate and two vertical web form closed entity board box section beam connection. Because the weight is large since the design of main girder internal setting transverse and longitudinal stiffening plate, to ensure the stability of the main girder bridge frame after loading.
Beam section has an important role in the crane, it is the key of the carrying truck transportation parts. Beam section is made up by the wheels of side beams, beam of a cover plate, web plate and the lower cover plate; Beam is made up of two paragraphs by connecting plate and Angle iron with high strength bolt connection and into. In the end beam with internal stiffeners, to ensure the stability of side beams after loading.
This part adopts respectively drive design supporting institutions, respectively to drive out the middle part of the drive shaft, make the quality to reduce, reduce the size. Respectively drive structure is not due to deformation of the girder in cart driving function of sex is affected, thus ensuring the reliability of the operation aspects. So, cart running mechanism driven by respectively.
Reference in the design of various materials, using various channels, trying to use a variety of conditions to complete the design. This design through a premade each kind of design scheme of serious discussion, is repeated, strive to design reasonable; By adopting the computer aided design method and reference the advanced experience of predecessors, makes every effort to innovate; By the method of computer aided design, drawing and design calculation are powerful auxiliary function to give full play to the computer, to design high efficiency.
KEY WORDS: box double beam bridge crane main beam below beam
目錄
第1章 前言··········································································1
1.1 概述·············································································1
1.2我國的發(fā)展前景·································································2
第2章 總體設計····································································5
2.1起重機的總體設計······························································5
2.2選擇確定總體參數(shù)······························································6
2.3主要尺寸的確定·································································6
2.4 主、端梁的連接································································7
第3章 主要部分的計算··························································9
3.1 主梁的計算·····································································9
3.2 端梁的計算····································································18
3.3 主要焊縫的計算·······························································23
第4章 大車運行機構的計算···················································26
4.1 確定機構的傳動方案··························································26
4.2 車輪材料的選擇·······························································28
4.3 車輪強度驗算··································································29
4.4 運行阻力計算··································································30
4.5 電動機的計算··································································30
4.6 減速器的選擇··································································31
4.7 驗算啟動時間··································································32
4.8 選擇制動器·····································································34
4.9 疲勞強度驗算···································································35
第5章 畢業(yè)設計小節(jié)······························································37
參考文獻···············································································38
附：英文原文
英文翻譯
畢業(yè)實習報告
設計項目
計算與說明
結果
第1章 前言
1.1概述
起重機屬于起重機械的一種，是一種作循環(huán)、間歇運動的機械。一個工作循環(huán)包括：取物裝置從取物地把物品提起，然后水平移動到指定地點降下物品，接著進行反向運動，使取物裝置返回原位，以便進行下一次循環(huán)。
起重機械可以分為橋式起重機、門式起重機、塔式起重機、流動式起重機、鐵路起重機、門座起重機、升降機、纜索起重機、桅桿起重機、旋臂式起重機、輕小型起重機和機械式停車設備。
橋式起重機是橫架于車間、倉庫和料場上空進行物料吊運的起重設備。由于它兩端坐落在高大的水泥柱上或金屬支架上，形狀似橋，所以俗稱“天車”和“行車”。它是適用范圍最廣、數(shù)量最多的一種起重機械。
橋式起重機是現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產和起重運輸中實現(xiàn)生產過程機械化、自動化的重要工具和設備，可減輕操作者的勞動強度，提高生產率。橋式起重機在工礦企業(yè)、鋼鐵化工、鐵路交通、港口碼頭以及物流周轉等部門和場所均得到廣泛的運用，它是人們生產活動中不可缺少的一種設備。
橋式起重機的類型很多，其中通用橋式起重機和龍門起重機最為普遍，這兩種類型起重機的的結構和操作方法基本相同，不同之處在于大車運行軌道的位置，通用橋式起重機是在高空，龍門起重機是在地面，由此帶來支承結構的不同。
我們通常把橋式起重機的主梁與端梁等部件組成的結構稱為橋架。正軌箱型梁橋架由兩根主梁和兩根端梁構成。主梁外側分別設有走臺。該鋼架結構的特點是主梁與端梁通過連接板焊接在一起形成剛性結構，為了