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1、外文資料In recent years, the hydraulic motor with brachytely and big torsional moment has great changes, the new structure continuously appears. But, all these hydraulic motors can be divided into two broad categories of single and multi-role according to the role of the number of plunger in each turn.
2、The motors also can be divided into radial and horizontal direction according to the arrangement of the plunger. And the radial motors can be divided into different types according to structure and the summon power way of the plunger.No matter single and multi-role, the plug-hole of radial-piston hy
3、draulic motor is equated by circle, arrayed radial. The plunger displaced by the impulse of pressure oil, then the volume of the cylinder changed, the summon power formed the rotation of the motor, all of these above are the mechanism of action of the motors.The rotor of the single role hydraulic mo
4、tor has a circle of rotation, each plunger worker once reciprocation. The principal axis is eccentric axis in all the radial-piston hydraulic motors. The multi-role hydraulic motor had a guide rail curve, whose numbers are the action times. The rotor had a circle of rotation, the plunger worker many
5、 times reciprocal at the same time. The radial motors can be divided into several categories of plunger, ball blocker, blade.The structure of the single-role motors is simpler, the machine element number of it is less, the technology is better, and the cost is less. But the structure dimension of th
6、e single-role motor is longer than the multi-role motor in the same displacement each turn (or output torsional moment), and the single-role motor also have fluctuation of the output torsional moment and rotary speed.The homonymy high-pressure column tune of the single-role motor had major radial un
7、balance force that causes the brachytely stabilization of the motor became worse. Only increasing the capacity of the bearing, it can meet the requirements of the operating life of the bearing at the same time.Generally speaking, the speed of single-role motors is higher than the multi-role in the s
8、ame displacement because of the work feature of the single-role motors. The structure of the multi-role motors is complicated than single-role, the number of machine element is bigger as well. Some machine element needs some special equipment to process them. The heat treatment of the guide rail is
9、more difficult. And the selection of the texture parameters in design is more difficult and harder. The cost is higher without a doubt.But the multi-role motor output larger torsional moment and had lighter weight of unit power in the same working pressure. The radial force of hydraulic motor can co
10、mpletely equilibrate and had higher started torsional moment efficiency as long as selecting the suitable plunger number and action number. In abstract the pulsation work of output torsional moment would be zero if one select guide rail curve reasonable and assign argument to the principle of non-pu
11、lsation in design. All of these can made its low speed stability better.People manufactured many new types of hydraulic motor in recent years. The structure of old motor refreshes and develops continuously. The motors life and performance are raised but the cost is dropped as well. Various kinds of
12、brachytely big torque hydraulic motors utilized more than 60 main frame extensively because their strong competitive ability.Multi-role within the curve of the radial piston hydraulic motor is divided into transmission plunger, beam transmission, wheel transmission .The most used are Beam transmissi
13、on and Wheel Transmission motor .the france Crane Park motor produces the most ,the Rated working pressure is 30 MPa in all the Low Speed and High Torque motors Crane Park motor has the highest working pressure Recently , end assignment wheel motors is developed ,and the function was greatly improve
14、d . In recent years, Accompanied by Ball Cypriot Vice static and dynamic pressure bearing theory developed, Multi-role Radial ball plug Hydraulic Motor Developed quickly , such as Japans HMA series . Which are widely used in engineering and architecture. The hydraulic motor with brachytely and big t
15、orsional moment , commonly can be designed into Rotating shell or Axis rotation ,they are named shell motor . shell motor that build in the Wheel rim is called Wheel motor ,which direct drive the wheels ,can replace the gear drive and make up the Hydraulic drive axle .In the 1970s , engineering Mach
16、ine ,architecture Machine, mine Machine and Watercraft Deck Machine etc all use sap pressure technology .The element that advance the hydraulic motor with brachytely and big torsional moment has sharply increased to 40s . Variety species and main engine application has developed greatly .but most fo
17、r the main engine factory. Because losing the main knowledge of kinematic pair .The using were still remain in mapping ,imitation and Experience in analog design manufacture were still in Groping .so although we have many Developers ,there are still no one hydraulic motor passed the appraisement . t
18、he hydraulic motor with brachytely and big torsional moment . However，Imitation and digestion of foreign products, can provides us a useful design and manufacturing experience. From 1974, Multi-role inner curve oil hydraulic motor Spot Turn NJM and Cranked shell model NKM etc were worked out and des
19、igned .There are some species in Spot Turn series , after experience according to JB 2148-77 standard and pass the qualification ,we can produce in quantity in fixed-point .In NJM hydraulic motor, guide rail is Sectional Type , according to discharge capacity, the succession has 16 discharge capacit
20、y species .this kind of motor has a good efficiency ,and the experiencing duration of life has exceeded 5000h.中文譯文 近年來，低速大扭矩液壓馬達(dá)有了較大的發(fā)展，新結(jié)構(gòu)不斷出現(xiàn)。但是，所有這些液壓馬達(dá)，根據(jù)每轉(zhuǎn)中柱塞副的作用次數(shù)?？梢苑譃閱巫饔煤投嘧饔脙纱箢?。按柱塞的排列方式，每一類可以分為徑向式和軸向式兩種。按結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和柱塞副不同的傳力方式，徑向式馬達(dá)又可以分成不同的類型。徑向柱塞式液壓馬達(dá)，無論是單作用或多作用，柱塞孔在缸體中沿圓周等分，按徑向放射狀排列。作用原理都是壓力油推動柱塞
21、位移，產(chǎn)生缸孔容積變化傳力形成馬達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)動。 但是，單作用和多作用液壓馬達(dá)在工作特點(diǎn)上又有很大不同。 單作用液壓馬達(dá)，轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)一周，每個柱塞往復(fù)工作一次。所有徑向柱塞式單作用液壓馬達(dá)，主軸是偏心軸。多作用液壓馬達(dá)，設(shè)有導(dǎo)軌曲線，曲線的數(shù)目就是作用次數(shù)。轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)一周，每個柱塞往復(fù)工作多次。根據(jù)柱塞副的不同結(jié)構(gòu)，徑向式馬達(dá)又分成柱塞式、球塞式和葉片式多種。單作用馬達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單，零件數(shù)目少，工藝性較好，造價較低。但是，在每轉(zhuǎn)排量(或輸出扭矩)相同的情況下，與多作用馬達(dá)比較，結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸增大，存在輸出扭矩與轉(zhuǎn)速的脈動。在工作中，單作用馬達(dá)高壓柱塞腔在同側(cè)，出現(xiàn)比較大的徑向不平衡力，使馬達(dá)的低速穩(wěn)定性變差。
22、同時，為了滿足馬達(dá)軸承工作壽命的要求，只有增大軸承的容量。一般情況下，由于單作用馬達(dá)的工作特點(diǎn)，允許比同排量的多作用馬達(dá)有較高的轉(zhuǎn)速。多作用液壓馬達(dá)的結(jié)構(gòu)，一般都比單作用馬達(dá)復(fù)雜，零件數(shù)也略有增加。個別零件(如導(dǎo)軌)的加工需要專用設(shè)備，導(dǎo)軌熱處理比較困難，設(shè)計中結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的選擇也比單作用馬達(dá)困難、復(fù)雜，制造成本較高。但是，在相同的工作壓力下，多作用馬達(dá)能輸出更大的扭矩，單位功率的重量較輕。而且只要柱塞數(shù)和作用數(shù)選取合適，可以使液壓馬達(dá)的徑向力完全平衡，具有較高的啟動扭矩效率。設(shè)計中，合理選取導(dǎo)軌曲線，并按無脈動原則分配幅角，理論上都能做到輸出扭矩的脈動功為零。因而可以獲得更好的低速穩(wěn)定性。近年來
23、，國外研制了多種新型式的液壓馬達(dá)，原有馬達(dá)的結(jié)構(gòu)也在不斷更新和發(fā)展，提高了壽命和性能，制造成本下降，使各種低速大扭矩液壓馬達(dá)具有較強(qiáng)的競爭能力，它們已廣泛地應(yīng)用于60多種主機(jī)上。多作用徑向柱塞式內(nèi)曲線液壓馬達(dá)分為柱塞傳力、橫梁傳力、滾輪傳力等結(jié)構(gòu)型式，其中以橫梁傳力和滾輪傳力馬達(dá)應(yīng)用最多。產(chǎn)量最多的是法國樸克蘭馬達(dá)，額定工作壓力30 MPa，在所有低速大扭矩馬達(dá)中，該馬達(dá)有最高的工作壓力。最近又發(fā)展了端面配流的車輪馬達(dá)，進(jìn)一步改善了性能。近年來，由于球塞副靜、動壓支承理論與試驗(yàn)研究上取得進(jìn)展，多作用徑向球塞式液壓馬達(dá)發(fā)展迅速，如日本的HMA系列，在工程建筑等機(jī)械上得到廣泛應(yīng)用。低速大扭矩液壓馬
24、達(dá)，一般都可以設(shè)計成殼體旋轉(zhuǎn)或軸旋轉(zhuǎn)兩種形式，分別稱為殼轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)和軸轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)。裝入車輪輪輞中的殼轉(zhuǎn)馬達(dá)稱為車輪馬達(dá)，由它直接驅(qū)動車輪，能夠取代齒輪傳動組成液壓驅(qū)動橋。70年代初，工程機(jī)械、建筑機(jī)械、礦山機(jī)械和船舶甲板機(jī)械等紛紛采用液壓技術(shù)，研制低速大扭矩液壓馬達(dá)的單位，迅速增加至40多個，品種規(guī)格和主機(jī)應(yīng)用都有了大幅度的發(fā)展，但主要為主機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠配套所用。由于對一些關(guān)鍵運(yùn)動副缺乏認(rèn)識，仍然是測繪、仿制和經(jīng)驗(yàn)類比設(shè)計，制造工藝也在模索之中，因此，雖然研制者甚多，但沒有一臺液壓馬達(dá)通過型式試驗(yàn)鑒定。 但是，仿制和消化國外產(chǎn)品，提供了有益的設(shè)計、制造經(jīng)驗(yàn)。1974年起，編制、設(shè)計形成了多作用內(nèi)曲線液壓馬達(dá)軸轉(zhuǎn)NJM和殼轉(zhuǎn)NKM等系列。軸轉(zhuǎn)系列中幾個規(guī)格，按JB 2148-77標(biāo)準(zhǔn)完成型式試驗(yàn)后，通過了鑒定，開始定點(diǎn)批量生產(chǎn)。 NJM系列液壓馬達(dá)，導(dǎo)軌為分片式結(jié)構(gòu)，橫梁傳力，根據(jù)排量大小，系列共有16個排量規(guī)格，該系列馬達(dá)具有較好的效率性能，其中馬達(dá)試驗(yàn)壽命已超過5000 h。
液壓馬達(dá)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯
