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五邑大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要
21世紀(jì)，隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，汽車業(yè)得到了蓬勃發(fā)展。作為小型汽車使用的空調(diào)，由于受到空間尺寸的苛刻限制，以及發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)功率相對(duì)較小，因此非常注意壓縮機(jī)的效率、外形尺寸以及功耗等的影響。針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)壓縮機(jī)存在的一些不足，本設(shè)計(jì)研究了一種平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)，該壓縮機(jī)的最大特點(diǎn)是轉(zhuǎn)子采用平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)方式，因此主要運(yùn)動(dòng)件之間的相對(duì)速度較小，故其摩擦損失很小。本設(shè)計(jì)主要完成以下方面的工作：
（1） 簡(jiǎn)單介紹了汽車空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成和工作原理，闡述了汽車空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程，并對(duì)其特殊要求進(jìn)行了說(shuō)明，進(jìn)而重點(diǎn)介紹了現(xiàn)有的滑片式和渦旋式這兩種兩種類型壓縮機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式與特點(diǎn)。
（2） 重點(diǎn)詳細(xì)介紹了平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)思想，工作原理，并進(jìn)行總體設(shè)計(jì)。
（3） 對(duì)平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)的幾個(gè)重要零件如氣缸、轉(zhuǎn)子、轉(zhuǎn)軸、平動(dòng)滑片、轉(zhuǎn)軸軸承座和后端蓋進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，并在工藝和選材上進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。
（4） 對(duì)平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)的吸排氣系統(tǒng)和潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和分析。
（5） 對(duì)平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)進(jìn)行了熱力學(xué)方面的分析與計(jì)算，并推導(dǎo)了平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子和滑片的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)公式，同時(shí)還對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子進(jìn)行了動(dòng)平衡方面的分析。
與傳統(tǒng)滑片式壓縮機(jī)相比，本設(shè)計(jì)中的壓縮機(jī)的主要運(yùn)動(dòng)副如轉(zhuǎn)子與氣缸、轉(zhuǎn)子與端蓋、滑片與缸孔之間的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度要小很多，因此它具有較少的摩擦和磨損。同時(shí)他還與渦旋壓縮機(jī)的平動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)有機(jī)融合在一起，取其之長(zhǎng)，因此等效制冷能力比現(xiàn)存的壓縮機(jī)高。而且結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、外形尺寸小、重量輕，特別適宜小型汽車使用。
在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中運(yùn)用了AutoCAD，Pro/E及Word，不但把所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，而且還提高了計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用能力，拓寬了知識(shí)面。
關(guān)鍵詞 汽車空調(diào)；壓縮機(jī)；平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子；結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)
Abstract
The 21st century, along with global economic development, the automobile industry gained vigorous development. Air conditioning which uses in the compact car, due to receive harsh limit from the spatial size, as well as the engine power is relatively small and therefore pays attention to influence from the efficiency of the compressor, the external dimensions as well as the power loss and so on. In view of traditional compressor exist some insufficiencies, this design has studied a fixed-rotor compressor, and the ultimate characteristic of this compressor is the rotor adopts a fixed-rotation mode of operation, the relative speed between the main movements is smaller, and therefore its friction loss is very small following the completion of the design of the main areas of work.?
（1）A brief introduction of the automotive air conditioning refrigeration system's constitution and the principle of work, elaborated the development process of automotive air conditioning compressor, and has carried on the explanation to its special request, then focus on introducing structure and characteristics of the existing gleitbretter type and the vortex type compressors.
（2）Focus more on the introduction of a fixed-rotor compressor’s design concept, the principle of work, and overall design.
（3）To the fixed-rotor compressor’s several important components like air cylinder, the rotor, the rotation shaft, the fixed-vane, the rotation shaft bearing seat and the back-end cover has carried out the structural design, and has carried on the detailed analysis in the craft and the selection.
（4）we have carried systemic design and analysis on suction exhaust system and lubrication system of the fixed-rotor compressor.
（5）We have carried on thermodynamic analysis and the calculation to the fixed-rotor compressor, and have inferred the fixed-rotor and vane's kinematic and dynamic formula, meanwhile have carried on the transient equilibrium analysis to the rotor.
Compares with the traditional vane compressor, this design compressor has much smaller relative velocity between the main movements such as the rotor and the cylinder, the rotor and the end cover, the vane and the cylinder hole, therefore it has the few friction and the attrition. Simultaneously, it also integration of vortex compressor's translation machine together, takes its long, the equivalent cooling capacity higher than the existing compressor. Moreover the structure is compact, the external dimensions are small, the weight is light, and so it is especially for small vehicles.
In the design process using AutoCAD, Pro / E and the Word, not only to learn the expertise, but also improve the ability of computer applications and broaden the knowledge.
Key words Automobile air-conditioning compressor translation rotor structural design
目 錄
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 緒 論 1
1.1 汽車空調(diào)的歷程、意義和特點(diǎn) 1
1.1.1 汽車空調(diào)歷程 1
1.1.2 汽車空調(diào)的意義 1
1.1.3 汽車空調(diào)的特點(diǎn) 2
1.2 汽車空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成及其原理 2
1.3 汽車空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程 3
1.4 汽車空調(diào)壓縮機(jī)的特殊要求 4
1.5 滑片壓縮機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式與特點(diǎn) 5
1.6 渦旋壓縮機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式與特點(diǎn) 6
1.7 本章小結(jié) 7
第2章 平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī) 8
2.1 設(shè)計(jì)方案的提出 8
2.2 研究的意義 8
2.3 平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)的工作原理 9
2.4 平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 10
2.5 平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)的總體特點(diǎn) 10
2.6 平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)重要部件的設(shè)計(jì) 11
2.6.1 缸體 11
2.6.2 轉(zhuǎn)子 12
2.6.3 轉(zhuǎn)軸 13
2.6.4 平動(dòng)滑片 14
2.6.5 轉(zhuǎn)軸軸承座和后端蓋 15
2.7 本章小結(jié) 16
第3章 平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子式壓縮機(jī)系統(tǒng)分析 17
3.1 吸氣與排氣系統(tǒng)分析 17
3.2 潤(rùn)滑系統(tǒng)分析 18
3.3 本章小結(jié) 18
第4章 分析與計(jì)算 19
4.1 熱力學(xué)分析與計(jì)算 19
4.1.1 熱力學(xué)析 19
4.1.2 熱力計(jì)算 23
4.2 運(yùn)動(dòng)分析與計(jì)算 26
4.2.1 平動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動(dòng)分析與計(jì)算 26
4.2.2 滑片運(yùn)動(dòng)分析與計(jì)算 27
4.3 動(dòng)力學(xué)模型 28
4.3.1 滑片受力分析 28
4.3.2 轉(zhuǎn)子受力分析 30
4.4 轉(zhuǎn)子的動(dòng)平衡計(jì)算 31
4.5 本章小結(jié) 32
第 5 章 制冷劑、潤(rùn)滑油及附件 33
5.1 制冷劑 33
5.1.1 選用制冷劑時(shí)應(yīng)滿足的基本條件 33
5.1.2 改用R134a時(shí)采用的措施 33
5.2 潤(rùn)滑油的選擇 34
5.2.1 選擇潤(rùn)滑油需滿足的要求 34
5.2.2 選用R134a對(duì)潤(rùn)滑油的意義 35
5.3 附件 36
5.3.1 電磁離合器 36
5.3.2 軸封及密封 37
5.4 本章小結(jié) 38
結(jié) 論 39
參考文獻(xiàn) 40
致 謝 41
附錄1 42
0
第1章 緒 論
1.1 汽車空調(diào)的歷程、意義和特點(diǎn)
1.1.1 汽車空調(diào)歷程
汽車問(wèn)世已有一百多年的歷史。隨著生活水平的逐步提高，汽車已成為人們生活中的必需品，成為房間生活的延伸部分。對(duì)房間環(huán)境的要求同樣延伸到汽車上，空調(diào)便是其中一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。汽車上安裝空調(diào)裝置的主要目的在于營(yíng)造一個(gè)舒適的環(huán)境條件[1]。
汽車空調(diào)是從暖氣開(kāi)始的，最初是用煤炭腳爐取暖及把排氣管從車室內(nèi)通過(guò)。第一臺(tái)完整的汽車空調(diào)裝置出現(xiàn)在1927年，它包括一個(gè)加熱器、一套通風(fēng)系