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中文摘要
隨著工業(yè)現(xiàn)代化進程的發(fā)展，伴隨著眾多制造業(yè)如汽車業(yè)等大規(guī)模生產的需要，在加工設備提高功效、自動化更強的基礎上，要求計量檢測手段應當高速、柔性化、通用化，而固定的、專用的或手動的工量具大大限制了大批量制造和復雜零件加工業(yè)的發(fā)展；平板加高度尺加卡尺的檢驗模式已完全不適用現(xiàn)代化柔性制造和更多復雜形狀工件的測量需要，所有這些促進和推動了近代坐標測量技術的發(fā)展。三坐標測量機作為一種測量儀器，越來越廣泛的應用于制造，電子，汽車和航天等工業(yè)中，而且成為不可缺少的組成部分，對各種空間自由曲面等復雜形面的檢測尤為適用。三坐標測量技術自從20實際60年代發(fā)展以來，已經逐漸成熟，現(xiàn)主要向高效率，高精度非接觸式方向發(fā)展。本文主要以三坐標測量機為研究對象，概述了測量機的基本原理及基本組成，描述坐標測量機的結構、特點及發(fā)展方向，重點討論了激光測距式非接觸三坐標測量機縱軸傳動機構的選用及實現(xiàn)。
關鍵詞：測量，三坐標測量機，傳動機構
Abatract
Wish the denelopment of industrial modernization process, along with many manufacturing industries such as automotive industry’s needs for large-scale production, on the basis of increasing efficiency in the processing equipment, and stronger automation, their measurement requirements should be high speed, flexible and universal but fixed appropriative and hand used tools greatly limited the high-volume and complex parts manufacturing industries’ development; the test model of plate, height ruler and calipers does not fully apply modern flexible manufacturing and more complex forms part of the measurement needs, all of which promote and facilitate the modern coordinate measurement technology. CMM as measuring instrument, is more and more more widely used in manufacturing, electronics, automotive, aerospace and other industries, and is becoming an indispensable part. And it is particularly applicable in the complex-free surface space text. The CMM technology developed since the 1960s, have gradually matured, it is mainly to the high efficiency, high-precision non-contact direction. This article mainly talked about the coordinate measuring machine, summarized the basic principles of measuring machines and basic components, described the CMM structure, characteristics and development, focused on how to chose and realize the transmission mechanism of the non-contact Laser-Ranging-CMM.
Key words: Measurement, CMM, The transmission mechanism
目 錄
中文摘要
Abatract
第一章 緒論·················································1
1.1 三坐標測量機的簡述················································1
1.2 坐標測量機的基本組成··············································1
1.3 三坐標測量機的結構················································1
1.4 激光測量機系統(tǒng)結構及測量過程······································3
1.5 國內外概況························································3
1.5.1 國外概況······················································3
1.5.2 國內概況······················································4
1.6 設計概述··························································5
第二章 設計說明··············································6
2.1 立柱設計·························································6
2.1.1 立柱的作用及特點··············································6
2.1.2 材料選用······················································7
2.2 傳動機構設計······················································8
2.2.1 機構選用······················································8
2.2.2 滾珠絲杠副的安裝·············································10
2.2.3 滾珠絲杠副的防護和潤滑·······································11
2.3 軸承選用·························································12
2.4 導軌副的選用·····················································13
2.4.1 直線導軌副結構形式···········································13
2.4.2 材料、熱處理及防護············································14
2.5 裝配·····························································15
2.6 主要參數的設定···················································15
第三章 設計計算·············································17
3.1 Y軸滾珠絲杠副的選擇計算·········································17
第四章 三坐標測量機的未來展望·······························24
總結
致謝
參考文獻
附錄
1
第一章 緒 論
1.1 三坐標測量機的簡述
三坐標測量機CMM（3D Coodinate Measuring Machine）簡稱測量機。它是以精密機械為基礎，綜合應用光學、電子技術、計算機技術等先進技術的測量儀器。
任何形狀都是由空間點組成，所有的幾何量測量都可以歸結為空間點的測量，因此精確進行空間點坐標的采集，是評定任何幾何形狀的基礎。坐標測量機的基本原理就是將被測零件放入它允許的測量空間，精確的測出被測零件表面的點在空間三個坐標位置的數值，將這些點的坐標數值經過計算機數據處理，擬和形成測量元素，如圓、球、圓柱、圓錐、曲面等，經過數學計算的方法得出其形狀、位置公差及其他幾何量數據。
近幾十年來，由于現(xiàn)代工藝技術的進步（計算機、集成電路、新材料、氣浮技術、傳感技術等），促進了三坐標測量機（CMM）的發(fā)展。它不僅能測量箱體、汽缸蓋、渦輪、葉片、齒輪、凸輪、模具、各種機身型體及不規(guī)則空間型面的零件，而且還可以配合數控機、加工中心和柔性制造系統(tǒng)（FMS）納入制造工程，并和CAT、CAD、CAM組成聯(lián)機集成系統(tǒng)，以實現(xiàn)設計、制造和檢測一體化。
1.2坐標測量機的基本組成